NAMA : FALYA ARONA PRISSILA

NIM : 21030116120039
Flow through a circular tube

Fluida Newtonian mengalir secara vertical

dalam sebuah annulus dengan jari jari R 1 dan
jari jari luar R2 seperti tampak pada gambar.
Dinding pipa dalam dijaga pada temperature TR1
sementara dinding pipa luar dijaga pada
temperature TR2 dan tidak ada energi disipasi.
Tentukan distribusi kecepatan aliran fluida
dalam annulus dan dimana posisi kecepatan
maksimum. Tentukan distribusi temperature
fluida dalam annulus dan berapa temperature
maksimumnya.

a) Memilih koordinat koordinat silindris (r, Ө, z)

Menentukan arah  arah z
Menyelesaikan persamaan  persamaan B.6-6

0=
−∆ P
∆z ( ( ))
+μ
1 d
r dr
r
dV z
dr
− ρg

∆P
∆z
=μ ( ( ))
1 d dVz
r dr
r
dr
−ρg

μ
( ( ))
1 d
r dr
r
dV z
dr
=
∆P
∆z
+ ρg

d
dr
r( dr
= ) (
dV z r ∆ P
μ ∆z
+ ρg )
Integrasi 1:

∫d ( r ddrV )=∫ rμ ( ∆∆ Pz + ρg ) dr
z
 ( dV z
) ( )
2
r ∆P
r = + ρg +C 1
dr 2 μ ∆z

( )
dV z r ∆ P C1
= + ρg +
dr 2 μ ∆ z r
Integrasi 2:

∫ V z=∫ 2rμ ( ∆∆ Pz + ρg )+ r 1 dr
C

V z=
r2 ∆ P
4μ ∆z (
+ ρg + C1 ln r +C2 )
BC 1  Vz = 0, r = kR

( )
2
r ∆P
V z= + ρg + C1 ln r +C2
4μ ∆z

( )
2
kR ∆ P
0= + ρg +C 1 ln kR +C2 … … … .(1)
4μ ∆z
BC 1  Vz = 0, r = R

0=
R2 ∆ P
4 μ ∆z ( )
+ ρg +C 1 ln R+C 2 … … … .(2)

Eliminasi persamaan (1) dan (2)

0= ( )
kR2 ∆ P
4μ ∆z
+ ρg +C 1 ln kR +C2

4 μ ( ∆z
+ ρg)+C ln R+C
2
R ∆P
0= 1 2

0= ( ∆P
∆z
+ ρg
kR2−R 2
4μ )(
+ C1 ln
kR
R )
( )( ∆∆ Pz + ρg) ln1k
2 2
R −k R
C 1=
4μ
Substitusi ke persamaan (1)

0=
4μ ∆z (
kR2 ∆ P
)(
+ ρg +
R2 −k R2
4μ )( ∆∆ Pz + ρg) lnlnkRk +C 2

+ ρg ) (
4 μ ( 4 μ )( ln k ))
C =−(
2 2 2
∆P kR R −k R ln R +1
2 +
∆z
Substitusi C1 dan C2 ke Vz

V z=
4μ ∆z(
r2 ∆ P
+ ρg +
4μ)(
R2−k R 2
)( ∆P
∆z
+ ρg
ln k)
ln r ∆ P
−
∆z
+ ρg
4μ
+ (
kR2 R2−k R2
4μ )( ( )( lnlnR+1k ))
[ ( ) ] [( ) ( )]
2 2
r ∆P r 2 ln r 2 ln R
+ ( 1−k ) − k + ( 1−k ) + ( 1−k )
2 2
V z= + ρg 2
4μ ∆z R ln k ln k
 V z=
[( ∆P
∆z
+ ρg
r2
4μ ) ( ) ] [( ) r2 (
R
2
2 ln r
+ 1−k )
ln k
2 ln R
− 1+ ( 1−k )
ln k ( )]
∆ P P L −Po− ρgL
Jika = , maka
∆z L

[( PL −Po −ρgL
) ] ( )[ ( ) ( )]
2 2
r r ln r ln R
V z= + ρg + ( 1−k 2 ) − −1
L 4μ R
2
ln k ln k

[( ) ( ) ] [ ( ) ( ) ]
2 2
PL −Po r r ln R / r
+ ( 1−k )
2
V z= 2
−1
L 4μ R ln 1−ln k

V z=
[ ( )( ) ] [
PL −Po
L
r2
4μ
1−
r2
R 2
−( 1−k )
2 ln R/r
(
ln 1−ln k )]
b) Vmax
Vz = 0

[( )( )]
[ ]
1−r ( 1−k ) ( 1−k 2 )
2
PL −Po r
2 2
V z= − ln R+ ln r
L 4μ R2
ln
1
k ()
ln
1
k ()
dV z
=0
dr

[( ) ( )]
[ ]
P L −P o r
2
2r ( 1−k 2 ) 1
0= 0− −0+ −
L 4μ
()
r
2
R 1
ln
k
dr ( 1−k ) 1
2
=
R
ln
1 r
k ()
2 ( 1−k 2 ) R
r=
ln ()
1
k
2

√ ()
( 1−k 2 ) R
r vmax =
1 2
ln
k

) ( ) ][ √ ]
( 1−k 2 ) R

( 1k ) 2 − (1−k ) ln R+ (1−k ) ln (1−k ) R

[(
√
ln 2 2 2
P L−P o r
2
V z max = 1−
ln ( ) ln ( ) ln ( )
L 4μ R 2
1 1 1 2
k k k
c) T(r)?
- Memilih koordinatsilinder (r, Ө, z)
- Menentukan araharah z
- Menyelesaikan persamaanpersamaan B.9-2

ρCp V z ( ∆∆Tz )= kr drd ( r dTdr )

dr ( dr ) k (∆z )
d dT ρCp r ∆ T
r = V z

Substitusi Vz

( ) [( P L −P o
) ( ) ][ ( )]
2 2
d dT ρCp r ∆ T r r ( ln R /r
− 1−k )
2
r = 1−
dr dr k ∆z L 4μ R
2
ln 1−ln k
Integrasi 1

∫d r ( ) dT
dr
=∫
ρ Cp r ∆ T
k ∆z [( L )( )][
P L−P o r2
4μ ( 1−
r2
R 2
−( 1−k 2 )
ln R /r
ln 1−ln k)]
dr

k ∆z ( L )
(r dTdr )= ρ Cp ∆ T P −P L o 2
R ¿

k ∆z ( L )
dT ρ Cp ∆ T P −P L o 2
= R ¿
dr
Integrasi 2

∫ dT =∫ ρ Cp ∆T
k ∆z ( P −P
L )
L
R ¿¿
o 2

T=
k ∆z (
ρCp ∆T P L −Po 2
L
R ¿ )
Misal A=
k ∆z L(
ρ Cp ∆ T P L−P o 2
R )
T=A¿

[ (( ) ) ]
r 2 ( 1−k )
2
r2 R
T=A 1− 2 − ln +1,5 +C 1 lnr + C2
4 3R
ln
1
k ()
kR

BC 1 r = kR, T=TR1

[ (( ) )]
r
2
r
2
( 1−k 2 ) R
T=A 1− 2 − ln +1,5 +C 1 lnr + C2
4 3R
ln
1
k ()kR
 [ (( ) ) ]
( kR)2 (kR)2 ( 1−k 2 ) R
T R 1= A 1− − ln +1,5 +C 1 lnkR +C2
4
() kR
2
3R 1
ln
k

[ ]
1,5 ( 1−k )
2
k 2 R2 k2
T R 1= A 1− −( 1−k 2) − +C 1 lnkR +C2 … …(1)
4 3
ln
1
k ()
BC 2r = R, T = TR2

[ (( ) ) ]
r 2 ( 1−k )
2
r2 R
T=A 1− 2 − ln +1,5 +C 1 lnr + C2
4 3R
ln
1
k
kR
()

[ (( ) ) ]
( R) ( 1−k )
2 2 2
( R) R
T R 2= A 1− 2 − ln + 1,5 +C 1 ln R +C2
4 3R
ln
1
k
R
()

[ ]
1 ( 1−k )
2 2
R
T R 2= A 1− − 1,5 + C1 ln R+C 2 … …( 2)
4 3
ln
1
k ()
Eliminasi persamaan (1) dan (2), maka dapat

[ ]
−1,5 ( 1−k )
( )
2
R2 2 1
A k + 1+ ( 1−k ) −k ( 1−k ) −1
2 2 2
− +(T R 1 −T R 2)

C 1=
4 3 ln k
ln
1
k ()
ln k
Substitusi ke persamaan (2), didapat

( )( ( ) )
1 ( 1−k ) ( 1−k 2 )
( )
2 2 2
R R 1 1,5 l
−k +1+ ( 1−k )−k ( 1−k ) −1−
2 4 2 2
C 2=− A 1− − 1,5 − A −1,5 + ( T R 1−T R 2 )
4 2
ln
1
k ()
4 3 ln k
ln
1
k
l
()
Substitusi ke persamaan T

[ (( ) ) ] [ ]
( 1−k 2 ) −1,5 ( 1−k )
( )
2 2 2 2
r r R R 2 1
k +1+ ( 1−k ) −k ( 1−k ) −1
2 2 2
T=A 1− 2 − ln +1,5 + A − + ( T R 1−T R 2
4 3R
ln
1
k ()
kR 4 3 ln k
ln
1
k ()
d) Tmax

√ ()
( 1−k 2 ) R
Substitusi r vmax = 1 2 pada T
ln
k
 [ ( √ ( ) )] [
r 2 ( 1−k ) ( 1−k 2 ) ( 1−k 2 )
( )
2
R R2 1 −1,5
−k +1+ ( 1−k )−k ( 1−k ) −1
2 2 2 2
T max= A 1− − ln + 1,5 + A
6
()
ln
1
k () ()
6 ln
1
k
ln
1
k
( 1−k 2) R
1 2
4 3 ln k

ln
k

[
ρCp ∆T Po −PL R
]
2
Dimana A =
k ∆z L 4μ