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RINGKASAN

SRI SUNARTI BEDHO. Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Bokashi Jerami Terhadap

Pertumbuhan dan Kelulushidupan Tiram (Crassostrea cucullata Born) yang
Dibudidayakan dengan Metode Rak di Desa Tanah Merah, Kabupaten Kupang. Dibimbing
oleh Ir. FELIX REBHUNG, M.Agr., Ph.D dan Dr. Ir. NICODEMUS DAHOKLORY,
M.Si.

Tiram merupakan kelompok moluska dari kelas Bivalvia, yang hidup di habitat laut atau
air payau (Quayle dan NewKirk, 1989). Tiram adalah organisme filter feeder yang
menyaring partikel bahan organik dari dalam air. Proses filter feeding tersebut berlangsung
selama seluruh tubuh tiram terendam di dalam air. Pupuk bokashi yaitu hasil fermentasi
jerami bersama pupuk kandang juga dedak sebagai starter dan EM mengandung silika yang
dapat larut dalam air (Adiasmara, 2008). Penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan pada bulan
Januari sampai bulan April 2018 di Desa Tanah Merah Kabupaten Kupang ini bertujuan
untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk bokashi jerami yang difungsikan sebagai
detritus terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan tiram (Crassostrea cucullata Born)
yang dibudidayakan dengan metode rak. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam
penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Anova memperlihatkan bahwa
pemberian pupuk bokashi memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata (P < 0,01) terhadap
pertumbuhan panjang dan berat tiram (Crassostrea cucullata), dimana perlakuan D
(pupuk bokashi 800 g) memperoleh panjang dan berat yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan
dengan perlakuan C (pupuk bokashi 600 g), perlakuan B (pupuk bokashi 400 g) dan
perlakuan A (tanpa pupuk bokashi). Rata – rata pertumbuhan panjang pada perlakuan A
yaitu 0,40 ± 0,01 mm, perlakuan B 0,48 ± 0,01 mm, perlakuan C 0,59 ± 0,01 mm dan
perlakuan D 0,70 ± 0,01 mm, sedangkan pertumbuhan berat tiram pada perlakuan A yaitu
6,01 ± 0,28 g, perlakuan B 6,64 ± 0,05 g, perlakuan C 7,14 ± 0,06 g dan perlakuan D
7,22 ± 0,01 g. Walaupun pemberian pupuk bokashi memberikan pengaruh yang nyata
terhadap pertumbuhan, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata terhadap kelulushidupan tiram karena
mortalitas pada tiram yang rendah dan terjadi hanya pada awal penelitian disebabkan
karena proses aklimatisasi yang kurang berhasil.

Kata kunci : Bokashi Jerami, Tiram, Crassostrea cucullata, Budidaya, Metode Rak
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SUMMARY
SRI SUNARTI BEDHO. The Influence of Bokashi Straw fertilizer on Growth and Sulvival of
Oyster (Crassostrea cucullata BORN) By The Rack Method in Tanah Merah, districts Central
Kupang. Supervised by Ir. FELIX REBHUNG, M.Agr., Ph.D and Dr. Ir. NICODEMUS
DAHOKLORY, M.Si.

Oysters are a group of mollusks from bivalve classes, living in marine or brackish water habitats
(Quayle and NewKirk, 1989). Oyster is a filter feeder organism that filters particles of organic
matter out of the water. The filter feeding process lasts for the entire body of the oyster submerged
in the water. Bokashi fertilizer is the result of fermentation of straw with manure also bran as
starter and EM contains water soluble silicas (Adiasmara, 2008). The research that has been
conducted from january to april 2018 in Tanah Merah subdistrict of Kupang regency was aimed to
know effect of bokashi straw fertilizer which functioned as detritus on growth and sulvival of
oyster (Crassostrea cucullata Born) cultivated with rack method. The experimental design used in
this study was a Randomized Block Design (RAK). The experimental design used in this study was
Randomized Block Design (RAK). Anova showed that bokashi fertilizer gave a very significant
effect (P <0.01) on the growth of length and weight of oyster (Crassostrea cucullata), where
treatment D (800 g bokashi fertilizer) obtained higher length and weight compared with treatment
C (fertilizer bokashi 600 g), B treatment (bokashi 400 g) and A treatment (without bokashi
fertilizer). The mean growth rate in treatment A was 0.40 ± 0.01 mm, treatment B 0.48 ± 0.01 mm,
treatment C 0,59 ± 0,01 mm and treatment D 0,70 ± 0,01 mm , while oyster weight growth in
treatment A was 6.01 ± 0.28 g, treatment B 6.64 ± 0.05 g, treatment C 7.14 ± 0.06 g and treatment
D 7.22 ± 0.01 g . Although the application of bokashi fertilizer had a significant effect on growth,
but it was not significantly different from oyster survival die to low oyster mortality and occurred
only at the beginning of the study die to a less successful acclimatization process.

Keywords : Bokashi Straw, Oyster, Crassostrea cucullata, Aquaculture, Rack Method

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DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

LEMBARAN PEMERIKSAAN ...........................................................................i

LEMBARAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................ii
PERNYATAAN MENGENAI KARYA ILMIAH dan SUMBER INFORMASI iii
LEMBARAN PERSEMBAHAN.........................................................................iv
RINGKASAN........................................................................................................v
SUMMARY.........................................................................................................vi
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................vii
RIWAYAT HIDUP..............................................................................................ix
DAFTAR ISI .........................................................................................................x
DAFTAR TABEL ..............................................................................................xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .........................................................................................xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .....................................................................................xiv
I. PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................1
A. Latar Belakang ........................................................................................1
B. Rumusan Masalah....................................................................................2
C. Tujuan Penelitian.....................................................................................3
D. Manfaat Penelitian...................................................................................3
E. Hipotesis Penelitian.................................................................................4
II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..................................................................................5
A. Klasifikasi dan Morfologi..........................................................................5
B. Habitat .......................................................................................................6
C. Makanan dan Kebiasaan Makan...............................................................7
D. Pertumbuhan .............................................................................................7
E. Budidaya Tiram.........................................................................................8
F. Pupuk Bokasi...........................................................................................11
1. Bokashi........................................................................................11
2. Jenis-Jenis Bakteri EM (Efectif Microorganisme).......................12
3. Pupuk Bokashi Jerami.................................................................14
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III. METODE PENELITIAN ............................................................................15

A. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian..................................................................15
B. Alat dan Bahan.......................................................................................15
1. Alat............................................................................................15
2. Bahan.........................................................................................16
C. Prosedur Penelitian.................................................................................16
D. Rancangan Penelitian..............................................................................17
E. Variabel yang diukur..............................................................................18
1. Laju Pertumbuhan......................................................................18
2. Kelulushidupan Tiram (Crassostrea cucullata)........................19
3. Kualitas Perairan........................................................................19
F. Analisis Statistik.....................................................................................19
G. Hipotesis Penelitian................................................................................20
IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN.....................................................................21
A. Kondisi Lokasi Penelitian.......................................................................21
B. Pertumbuhan Tiram (Crassostrea cucullata).........................................22
1. Pertumbuhan Panjang Tiram (Crassostrea cucullata)..............22
2. Pertumbuhan Berat Tiram (Crassostrea cucullata)...................24
C. Kelulushidupan Tiram (Crassostrea cucullata).....................................26
V. PENUTUP.......................................................................................................28
A. Kesimpulan.............................................................................................28
B. Saran ......................................................................................................28
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................................29
LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................33
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DAFTAR TABEL

TABEL Halaman
1. Alat – alat Penelitian......................................................................................15
2. Pertumbuhan Rata-Rata Panjang Tiram........................................................22
3. Kisaran Kualitas Perairan..............................................................................23
4. Pertambahan Rata-Rata Berat Tiram.............................................................24
5. Kisaran Kualitas Perairan..............................................................................25
6. Kisaran Kualitas Perairan..............................................................................27
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DAFTAR GAMBAR

GAMBAR Halaman

1. Tiram (Crasostrea cucullata Born)...................................................................5

2. Rancangan Wadah Pemeliharaan Tiram ........................................................17
3. Denah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK)....................................................18
4. Peta Desa Tanah Merah ..................................................................................21
5. Grafik Rata–Rata Pertumbuhan Panjang Cangkang Tiram............................22
6. Grafik Rata – Rata Pertumbuhan Berat Tiram ...............................................25
7. Grafik Presentase Rata-Rata Kelulushidupan Tiram ......................................26
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

LAMPIRAN Halaman

1. Dokumentasi Alat dan Bahan Penelitian.......................................................33

2. Data Panjang, Berat dan Kelulushidupan Tiram..........................................34
3. Analisis Varian Pertumbuhan Panjang Tiram...............................................36
4. Analisis Varian Pertumbuhan Berat Tiram....................................................39
5. Persentase Tingkat Kelulushidupan Tiram ...................................................42
6. Dokumentasi Kegiatan Penelitian .................................................................44