TOKOH PELAYARAN ISLAM

ahmad zul fadhli bin abdul mujib

AL-MAS’UDI
Nama sebenar al-Mas’udi ialah Abu al-Hassan Ali bin Husayn bin
Ali al-Mas’udi atau Abu Hassan ‘Ali bin al-Hasyn bin ‘Abdullah al-
Mas’udi. Beliau dilahirkan di Baghdad, Iraq menjelang akhir abad
ke-9M. Menurut buku ber-judul Al-Mas’udi and His World, al-
Mas’udi dilahirkan pada tahun 283H/1895M di kota Baghdad iaitu
berdasarkan pernyataan bahawa beliau perusia 20 tahun dalam
tahun 303H/1915M. Beliau dilaporkan meninggal dunia di Fustat
(Mesir) pada tahun 345H/1956M. Pernyataan ini sama dengan
pernyataan dalam al-Dhahabi dan surat tulisan al-Musabihi yang
menyatakan al-Mas’udi meninggal dunia dalam bulan Jamadilakhir
345H (sekitar 10 Sept.—10 Okt. 956M). Beliau berketurunan Arab
iaitu keturunan ‘Abdullah bin Mas’udi seorang sahabat Nabi
Muhammad (saw) yang dihormati.
Faktor-faktor yang Menggalakkan al-
Mas’udi Belayar dan Menyelidik
 Faktor persekitaran, kawasan tanah Arab yang
diliputi padang pasir yang luas menyebabkan
mereka terpaksa menjalankan perjalanan atau
pengem-baraan pada waktu malam bagi
mengelak bahang kepanasan. Oleh itu mereka
perlu menguasai ilmu astronomi, ilmu mengesan
air, ilmu mengesan cuaca, ilmu mengesan
kedudukan dan sebagainya bagi tujuan
memudahkan perjalanan dan keselamatan.
Demikian juga Semenanjung Tanah Arab yang
terletak di antara jalan perdagangan yang utama
antara timur dan barat. Oleh itu mereka perlu
memiliki kemahiran belayar di lautan.
 Faktorbudaya, faktor pekerjaan
(perdagangan), adat istiadat seperti ibadat haji
yang memerlukan pengetahuan tentang kaji
bintang bagi tujuan mengetahui arah. Demikian
pula keperluan untuk hidup di padang pasir
yang memerlukan kemahiran mengesan air,
mengetahum kedudukan laut, tumbuh-an dan
haiwan bagi tujuan pergerakan (arah dan
kedudukan).
 Faktor nilai dan sikap, semasa zaman peradaban Yunani
kuno aktiviti pelayaran dan geografi berada di tahap yang
rendah. Akan tetapi setelah Islam bertapak kedua-dua
bidang ini meningkat maju semula. Islam menggalakkan
umatnya menjalankan penyelidikan bagi tujuan
keharmonian antara iman dan akal. Malah Al-Quran
adalah sebagai sumber inspirasi kerana ayat-ayat
dalamnya banyak menyentuh tentang ilmu pelayaran dan
juga ilmu geografi.
Hikayat pelayaran Al-Mas’udi
 914m- memulakan pelayarannya dengan ke parsi
 916- berlayar ke India
 Meneruskan pelayaran melalui Bombay, Deccan dan Sri Lanka
serta belayar ke Indo-China dan negeri China. Dalam perjalanan
pulang beliau singgah di Madagascar, Zanzibar, Oman dan sampai
di Basrah. Dalam buku ini beliau menyebutkan beberapa buah
tempat termasuk Semenanjung Tanah Melayu termasuk Kedah,
Pahang dan Melaka. Ada mungkinan beliau sampai ke rantau ini
sewaktu dalam pelayaran ke Lautan China.
 Sehingga 303H – mengunjungi Pantai Laut Kaspia dan berkelana
menyusuni Asia Tengah dan Turkistan. Beliau juga mengunjungi
Tibenias, dan sini beliau memperoleh kesan relief-relief gereja
Kristian. Kemudian beliau pergi ke Gujerat (303H
Karya Al-Mas’udi
 Muruj al-Dhahab wa Ma’adin al-Jawahir – berkenaan
pengalaman di india
 Muruj al-Dhahab. Buku ini menceritakan tentang
pengalaman peribadi beliau di pelbagai negara.
 Akhbar al-Zaman (cerita-cerita sejarah) - Dalam buku
ini beliau menggabungkan ilmu geografi dengan sejarah
dan mencerita-kan kehidupan masyarakat di negara-
negara yang pernah dilawatinya
 Muruj al-Dhahab wa Ma’adin al-Jawahir.- pengalaman
sepanjang pengembaraan
 Kitab al-Tanbih wa al-Ishraf. Dalam kitab ini beliau
membuat penambahan dan melengkapkan karya-karya
yang terdahulu.
 Beliau dikenali oleh masyarakat Arab
sebagai ‘Herodotus dan Plinius’ kerana
membuat revolusi dalam ilmu sejarah.

 batuta\journey of ibn battuta 1 of 8.flv
 Ibn Battuta travelled almost 75,000 miles
in his lifetime. Here is a list of places he
visited.
 Morocco
 Tangier
 Fes
 Marrakech
 Algeria
 Tlemcen (Tilimsan)
 Miliana
 Algiers
 Djurdjura Mountains
 Béjaïa
 Constantine - Named as Qusantînah.
 Annaba - Also called Bona.
 Tunisia
 Tunis - At that time, Abu Yahya (son of Abu Zajaria) was the sultan of Tunis.
 Sousse - Also called Susah.
 Sfax
 Gabès
 Egypt
 Cairo
 Syria
 Damascus
 Latakia
 Arabian Peninsula
 Jeddah - A major port for pilgrims to Mecca.
 Mecca - The original plan of his journey was to pilgrimage to Mecca.
 Rabigh - Small city north of Jeddah on the Red Sea.
 Medina - Where Ibn Battuta visited the tomb of Muhammad at the
Al-Masjid al-Nabawi.
 Oman
 Dhofar
 Bahrain
 Al-Hasa
 Strait of Hormuz
 Yemen
 Turkey and Eastern Europe
 Konya
 Antalya
 Bulgaria
 Azov
 Kazan
 Volga River
 Constantinople
 Libya
 Tripoli
 Pakistan and Central Asia
 Pakistan, its Punjab region (now in Pakistan and India)
 Khwarezm
 Khorasan Province
 Afghanistan)
 India
 Delhi
 Kozhikode
 Malabar
 Bangladesh
 Sonargaon
 Sylhet - Ibn Battuta met Muslim saint Hazrat Shah Jalal
Yamani, commonly known as Shah Jalal here.
 Other places in Asia
 Burma (Myanmar)
 Maldives
 Sri Lanka - Known in his time as Serendip.
 Coromandel Coast- In India.
 Brahmaputra River - Ibn Battuta visited the area on his way to
China. This place is in Bangladesh.
 Meghna River - Near Dhaka.
 Sumatra
 Malay Peninsula
 Philippines - Ibn Battuta visited the Kingdom of Sultan Tawalisi,
arguably Tawi-Tawi, the country's southernmost province.
 China
 Quanzhou - as he called in his book the city of donkeys
 Hangzhou — Ibn Battuta referred to this city in his book as
"Madinat Alkhansa" ‫مدينة الخنساء‬. He also mentioned that it was the
largest city in the world at that time; it took him three days to walk
across the city, which is huge even by today's standards.
 Beijing - Ibn Battuta mentioned in his journey to Beijing how neat
the city was.
 Somalia
 Mogadishu
 East Africa
 Kilwa
 Mombasa
 Mali
 Timbuktu
 Gao
 Takedda
 Mauritania
 Oualata (Walata)
 During most of his journey in the Mali Empire, Ibn Battuta traveled with
a retinue that included slaves, most of whom carried goods for trade
but would also be traded as slaves. On the return from Takedda to
Morocco, his caravan transported 600 female slaves, suggesting that
slavery was a substantial part of the commercial activity of the empire.
[20]
After returning from his travels in 1354 and at the
instigation of the Sultan of Morocco, Abu Inan Faris,
Ibn Battuta dictated an account of his journeys to a
scholar named Ibn Juzayy, whom he had previously
met while in Granada. This account, recorded by Ibn
Juzayy and interspersed with the latter's own
comments, is the only source of information on his
adventures. The title of the manuscript ‫تحفة النظار في‬
‫ غرائب المصار وعجائب السفار‬may be translated as A Gift
to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities
and the Marvels of Travelling but is often simply
referred to as the Rihla ‫الرحلة‬, or "The Journey".
DATO AZHAR MANSOR
KAPAL LAYAR “JALUR GEMILANG”
FACTS FILE
Perlis-born mariner Dato' Azhar Mansor was
welcomed home today by more than 3,OOO
people as he became the first Malaysian to
sail solo round the globe and the first person
ever to set a new solo west-east
circumnavigation route.
Azhar's successful completion of 21,600 nautical
miles from Langkawi to Langkawi has been
verified by the WSSRC in the United Kingdom.
As his RM2 million Jalur Gemilang yacht docked at the jetty adjacent to Awana Porto
Malai, where theprime Minister first flagged him off on Feb 2, 1999,
ANOTHER WORLD RECORD

After spending 30 days in the Falklands, a new 20-

meter long mast costing RM 150,000 was flown and
fitted by a 17-man crew from the Royal Malaysian Air
Force (RMAF). The flight, commanded by Lt-Kol
Fadhil Sheikh Ahmad, also went down in history as
the first Malaysian military aircraft to fly round the
world. Azhar resumed the journey to complete the
challenge from the Falklands on May 26, 1999.
Azhar said that his success was not just
personal glory but an achievement that
was shared by all Malaysians. "I hope my
achievement will inspire younger
generations in the years to come as it is
proof to them that Malaysians are world
achievers and can succeed in anything
they do," he added.