Tujuan pembelajaran
01 Penjelasan kontrak mata kuliah biologi sel
Memahami pengertian konsep umum sel
Memahami pengertian sejarah penemuan sel
Memahami pengertian evolusi sel
Memahami komponen penyusun sel
Waktu
02 materi-diskusi
Quiz
Deskripsi Singkat
Fakta Sel
1. Ukurannya sangat kecil
Sel
Organel
Organel,makromolekul, atom
https://www.nicholls.edu/biol-ds/biol155/Lectures/Cell%20Biology.pdf
Skala relatif dari molekul dan struktur biologis
http://biologicalexceptions.blogspot.co.id/2014/10/one-thing-is-just-like-other-sort-of.html
http://www.differencein.com/difference-between-archaea-bacteria/
4. Sel mengandung materi genetik
https://dbscience4.wikispaces.com/Caroline
6. Berbagai jenis sel diproduksi melalui metode yang berbeda
sel prokariot bereplikasi dengan proses disebut "binary fission“
Jaringan adalah kelompok sel dengan fungsi dan bentuk tertentu. Sel yang membentuk jaringan terkadang
saling berkaitan dengan tambahan ekstraseluler fiber yang akan melapisi sel.
Sekelompok organ akan membentuk sistem organ
http://examstudy.maanavan.com/cells-tissues-organs-biology-study-material/
8. Sel mempunyai usia beragam
http://www.jayreimer.com/TEXTBOOK/iText/products/0-13-115516-4/ch10/ch10_s2_5.html
9. Sel mempunyai program untuk "bunuh diri"
(http://dev.biologists.org/content/142/19/3253)
(http://dev.biologists.org/content/142/19/3253)
03
Sejarah
Penemuan
Sel
Seorang ahli biologi kebangsaan Belanda
"Pope of medicine"
1595 – Jansen credited with 1st compound microscope
1655 – Hooke described ‘cells’ in cork.
1674 – Leeuwenhoek discovered protozoa. He saw bacteria some 9 years later.
1833 – Brown descibed the cell nucleus in cells of the orchid.
1838 – Schleiden and Schwann proposed cell theory.
Timeline 1840 – Albrecht von Roelliker realized that sperm cells and egg cells are also cells.
1856 – N. Pringsheim observed how a sperm cell penetrated an egg cell.
1858 – Rudolf Virchow (physician, pathologist and anthropologist) expounds his
famous conclusion: omnis cellula e cellula, that is cells develop only from existing
cells [cells come from preexisting cells]
1857 – Kolliker described mitochondria.
1879 – Flemming described chromosome behavior during mitosis.
1883 – Germ cells are haploid, chromosome theory of heredity.
1898 – Golgi described the golgi apparatus.
1938 – Behrens used differential centrifugation to separate nuclei from cytoplasm.
1939 – Siemens produced the first commercial transmission electron microscope.
1952 – Gey and coworkers established a continuous human cell line.
1955 – Eagle systematically defined the nutritional needs of animal cells in culture.
1957 – Meselson, Stahl and Vinograd developed density gradient centrifugation in
cesium chloride solutions for separating nucleic acids.
1965 – Ham introduced a defined serum-free medium. Cambridge Instruments
produced the first commercial scanning electron microscope.
1976 – Sato and colleagues publish papers showing that different cell lines require
different mixtures of hormones and growth factors in serum-free media.
1981 – Transgenic mice and fruit flies are produced. Mouse embryonic stem cell line
established.
1995 – Tsien identifies mutant of GFP with enhanced spectral properties
1998 – Mice are cloned from somatic cells.
1999 – Hamilton and Baulcombe discover siRNA as part of post-transcriptional gene
silencing (PTGS) in plants
(Rhoads, 2015)
04
Teknologi
Mikroskop
Mikroskop cahaya menggunakan lensa kaca, teknologi
mikroskop awal yang sama digunakan oleh Robert
Hooke
http://whanday.blogspot.co.id/2015/08/mikroskop.html
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Dan scanning electron microscope
(SEM) mampu memperbesar
obyek hingga 500,000x.
Kekurangannya adalah
spesimen harus dalam kondisi
mati
https://australianmuseum.net.au/image/ant-sem8
(Bolsover, 2004)
05
Evolusi Sel
The Endosymbiotic Theory
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/organelles/
06
Komposisi
Penyusun Sel
Molekul organik (mengandung C dan
H) penyusun sel terdiri dari: asam
nukleat, protein, karbohidrat, dan
lemak
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDIJexTT9j0
terdiri dari asam amino,
fungsi beragam, sebagai katalisa maupun struktural
misal : enzim yang dapat mengkonversi molekul
seluler (protein, lemak, KH, asam amino) menjadi
bentuk lain sesuai kebutuhan
karbohidrat
molekul organik pati dan gula dalam sel
KH sederhana dapat langsung digunakan untuk kebutuhan energi sel
KH kompleks digunakan untuk cadangan energi intraseluler
KH kompleks juga terdapat pada permukaan sel--> berperan dalam
pengenalan sel
Lemak
adalah komponen penyusun membran sel
juga berperan dalam penyimpanan energi
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/membranes-and-transport/the-plasma-membrane/a/structure-of-the-plasma-membrane
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