• penyumbang 20
pemanasan global.
23 6
Electricity and heat
Transport including road
5
vehicles
Industry
Residential
lain
• nitrogen oksida 46
• karbon monoksida
• hidrokarbon
PUSAT TEKNOLOGI KENDERAAN HIBRID DAN ELEKTRIK
KOLEJ KOMUNITI KEPALA BATAS
… Kenapa Hybrid?
Hybrid guna kurang bahan api
= kurang pelepasan CO2
CO2 emissions
Kenderaan elektrik guna
200 bahan api sifar
= pelepasan sifar
150
Energy
production
100
g / km
Exhaust pipe
50
B) Hydrocarbons
B) Hydrocarbons
Kelebihan:
- Zero tailpipe emissions
- Kurang Komponent, ringan, tiada
penyelenggaraan
- Kos elektrik lebih murah dari Electronic
modules
petrol Electric traction EV
motor generator battery
pack
Plug-in
connection
Kekurangan:
- Jarak perjalanan terbatas
(160km)
- Masa yang lama untuk mengecas
bateri dan pek bateri mahal.
Pengenalan:
Sistem dan komponen utama kenderaan hybrid
PUSAT TEKNOLOGI KENDERAAN HIBRID DAN ELEKTRIK
KOLEJ KOMUNITI KEPALA BATAS
Komponen utama kenderaan hybrid
• ICE - ENGINE
• MG1- GENERATOR
• MG2- MOTOR
• HV BATTERY
• INVERTER
• PLANATERY GEAR SET
Generator
(Toyota Prius)
PUSAT TEKNOLOGI KENDERAAN HIBRID DAN ELEKTRIK
KOLEJ KOMUNITI KEPALA BATAS
Motor Geberator 2 (MG 2) /
Electric Traction Motor
• Motor / Penjana 3 fasa
• MG2 – Motor Generator 2
• AC Synchronous Motor
• 60kW 650V max
• Torque 169Nm
memacu penjana
(Generator). PUSAT TEKNOLOGI KENDERAAN HIBRID DAN ELEKTRIK
KOLEJ KOMUNITI KEPALA BATAS
Series Hybrid Systems
Electronic
circuits
HV
battery
pack
Electric
traction
motor
Generator
Engine
Generator
Engine
The electronic circuits
are waiting for driver
demand to power the
traction motor to drive
the road wheels.
At slow speeds,
electricity from the
Electronic
battery pack is used to circuits
power the electric HV
battery
traction motor to drive pack
Electric
the road wheels. traction
motor
Generator
Engine
Additional electricity
may be taken from the
generator to charge
the battery pack.
During acceleration,
the engine is turning
Electronic
the generator to circuits
produce electricity. HV
battery
Electric pack
traction
motor
In reverse, electricity is
taken from the battery
Electronic
pack to power the circuits
electric traction motor to HV
battery
drive the road wheels. pack
Electric
traction
motor
Generator
Engine
The engine may start
at any time to run the
generator to charge
the battery pack.
Kelebihan:
Series Hybrid
Kelemahan:
Motor elektrik yang besar
memerlukan pek bateri
yang besar, sekaligus
berat dan mahal.
Sesuai untuk
kegunaan kondisi
bergerak dan berhenti
Semasa berhenti,
“regenerative
braking” menjana
tenaga elektrik
“Regenerative braking”
mengurangkan masa
enjin beroperasi untuk
mengecas “HV Battery”
sekaligus menjimatkan
bahan bakar dan
mengurangkan
oencemaran.
Motor elektrik
membantu enjin
memberi tork
tambahan.
Motor / Generator
Engine
The electricity is
used to charge the
battery pack.
Electricity is taken
from the battery Electric Electronic
motor generator circuits
pack to power the
motor generator,
which also drives the
road wheels.
HV
Transmission battery
pack
The motor generator is
driven by the road
wheels and functions
Electric Electronic
as a generator. motor generator circuits
Engine
HV
Transmission battery
pack
Electric Electronic
motor generator circuits
It is tuned to function
efficiently at higher
speeds to reduce fuel
use and emissions.
Motor elektrik
menyediakan daya
penggerak utama; ia Hybrid transaxle
dibantu oleh enjin
Mechanical path
konvensional. Electrical path
Engine
Planetary Generator
gear set HV battery
pack
Electric
traction Electronic
motor circuits
At rest, the electric traction motor and the engine are not running.
Power flow through the hybrid system is zero.
The electronic circuits are waiting for driver demand to power the traction
motor to drive the road wheels.
The engine may start at any time to turn the generator to charge the
battery pack. PUSAT TEKNOLOGI KENDERAAN HIBRID DAN ELEKTRIK
KOLEJ KOMUNITI KEPALA BATAS
Series Parallel Operation – Low Speed
Engine
Planetary Generator
gear set HV battery
pack
Electric
traction Electronic
motor circuits
Planetary Generator
gear set HV battery
pack
Electric
traction Electronic
motor circuits
During cruising, the engine is primarily turning the generator to
produce electricity.
The electricity is used to power the electric traction motor to drive the
road wheels.
If necessary, it will also be used to charge the battery pack.
At high speeds the engine may supplement the power from the
traction motor to also drive the road wheels.
PUSAT TEKNOLOGI KENDERAAN HIBRID DAN ELEKTRIK
KOLEJ KOMUNITI KEPALA BATAS
Series Parallel Operation – Acceleration
Engine
Planetary Generator
gear set HV battery
pack
Electric
traction Electronic
motor circuits
During acceleration and high loads, the engine is turning the generator to
produce electricity and driving the road wheels.
The electricity is used to power the electric traction motor, which also drives
the road wheels.
Electricity is taken from the battery pack to provide additional power
to the traction motor.
PUSAT TEKNOLOGI KENDERAAN HIBRID DAN ELEKTRIK
KOLEJ KOMUNITI KEPALA BATAS
Series Parallel Operation – Braking
Engine
Planetary Generator
gear set HV battery
pack
Electric
traction Electronic
motor circuits
Engine
Planetary Generator
gear set HV battery
pack
Electric
traction Electronic
motor circuits
When the vehicle is moving in reverse, the engine does not run unless the
battery pack requires charging.
Electricity is taken from the battery pack to power the electric traction
motor to drive the road wheels.
PUSAT TEKNOLOGI KENDERAAN HIBRID DAN ELEKTRIK
KOLEJ KOMUNITI KEPALA BATAS
The Series Parallel Hybrid
Kelebihan:
Series Parallel Hybrid
Enjin ini direka bentuk untuk
berfungsi di atas julat kuasa yang Motor/
Planetary Electronics HV battery
luas, yang menjadikannya sangat gear set
generator
HV battery
Generator pack
Plug-in
connector
Electronic
modules HV
battery
pack
Electric
traction
motor
Generator
Engine
PUSAT TEKNOLOGI KENDERAAN HIBRID DAN ELEKTRIK
KOLEJ KOMUNITI KEPALA BATAS
Kuiz 2
Susun atur hybrid yang mana motor elektrik menjadi
pemacu utama untuk mengerakan roda kenderaan?
B) Series hybrid
C) Parallel hybrid
D) Mild hybrid
B) Series hybrid
C) Parallel hybrid
D) Mild hybrid
• pemecut dilepaskan
• menuruni bukit.
PUSAT TEKNOLOGI KENDERAAN HIBRID DAN ELEKTRIK
KOLEJ KOMUNITI KEPALA BATAS
Idling Stop
Kesihatan orang
yang menerima
kejutan elektrik
A) 0.1 mA
B) 5 mA
C) 10 – 20 mA
D) 100 – 300 mA
A) 0.1 mA
B) 5 mA
C) 10 – 20 mA
D) 100 – 300 mA
Pengarkaan/percikan
mungkin berlaku jika jarak
antara komponen HV
dikurangkan, atau jika
penebat rosak
Halangan untuk
meningkatkan jarak
antara terminal
Current flow
menghasilkan kejutan
elektrik & kebakaran
pada kulit/anggota
Kesan Pengarkaan :
kebakaran yang teruk,
lebur litar,
kerosakan penebat, dan
pengewapan logam (letupan
elektrik).
tepu.
Melupuskan elektrolit & sisa Blue =
Red = OK
menurut peraturan pihak
berkuasa.
PUSAT TEKNOLOGI KENDERAAN HIBRID DAN ELEKTRIK
KOLEJ KOMUNITI KEPALA BATAS
Kebakaran
Kebakaran = pencucuhan+ bahan api + oksigen
Potensi pencucuhan:
sistem ekzos panas,
elektrik litar pintas,
detonator SRS dan
Oxygen
pengarkaan HV.
Pastikan kawasan
kerja adalah bersih,
kering dan kemas.
A) Petrol
C) Pelarut pembersihan
A) Petrol
C) Pelarut pembersihan