Kebijakan
Disampaikan pada Diklat Implementasi SMKP Berbasis Online Angkatan XXVI di PPSDM Geominerba, 6 Desember 2022
D E A N A N D R E A S S I M O R A N G K I R , S T, M B A
D I R E K T O R AT T E K N I K DA N L I N G K U N G A N
D I R E K T O R AT J E N D E R A L M I N E R A L DA N B AT U B A R A
Dean Andreas Simorangkir, ST, MBA
Inspektur Tambang
Kelompok Kerja Keselamatan Pertambangan
Direktorat Teknik dan Lingkungan
Direktorat Jenderal Mineral dan Batubara
081394383518
dean.simorangkir@gmail.com
Unit Kerja
Direktorat Jenderal Mineral dan Batubara
Sekretariat Direktorat
Direktorat Direktorat Pembinaan Direktorat Pembinaan Direktorat Pembinaan
Direktorat Teknik dan Lingkungan Jenderal Mineral dan
Penerimaan Mineral dan Pengusahaan dan Pengusahaan Program Mineral dan
Mineral dan Batubara Batubara
dan Batubara Mineral Batubara Batubara
Inspektur Tambang
ASN yang diberi tugas dan tanggung jawab dan wewenang
untuk melakukan pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan kaidah
teknik pertambangan yang baik.
© Dean Andreas_KP
Elemen I
KEBIJAKAN
SMKP
Kebijakan
Organisasi dan
Dokumentasi
Personel
Pemantauan, Evaluasi,
dan Tindak Lanjut Implementasi
© Dean Andreas_KP
Traditional vs. Systematic
OHS Management
Motivation Responsibility Evaluation Typical Goals Outputs
Effective Control of
Benefits Occupational Risks
Systematic OHS resulting from Monitoring Continuous
All employees
Management better and auditing Improvement Often Going
performance Beyond Legal
Requirements
European Agency for Safety and Health Environment. 2010. Mainstreaming OSH into Business Management.
© Dean Andreas_KP
Tinjauan Manajemen Kebijakan
dan Peningkatan Kinerja
Penetapan Konteks
Dokumentasi Perencanaan
Identifikasi Bahaya
dan Penilaian Risiko
Pengendalian
Implementasi
© Dean Andreas_KP
Kebijakan
“Rangkaian konsep dan asas yang menjadi pedoman
dan dasar rencana dalam pelaksanaan suatu
pekerjaan, kepemimpinan, dan cara bertindak “
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia
© Dean Andreas_KP
OHS Policy
“Overall intentions and direction of an organization
related to OH&S Performance as formally expressed
by top management”
OHSAS 18001
© Dean Andreas_KP
Diskusi
Mengapa perusahaan
pertambangan perlu
Kebijakan KP?
© Dean Andreas_KP
AWRITTEN POLICY STATEMENT SHOWS
THE CORE VALUES OF THE COMPANY
© Dean Andreas_KP
IT SHOWS BOTH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS
YOUR MOST IMPORTANT AND PERSISTENT PRIORITIES
© Dean Andreas_KP
Sub Elemen I.1
I.1 Penyusunan Kebijakan
peninjauan risiko
Keselamatan
Pertambangan
© Dean Andreas_KP
Diskusi
Risiko K e s e l a m a t a n
Pertambangan?
© Dean Andreas_KP
Personal Safety (K3) & Process Safety (KO)
Fatalities
Major Operational
Lost Time Injuries
Disruptions
Medical Treatment
First-Aid Cases
Unsafe Acts
Unsafe Conditions Personal Process
Safety/K3 Safety/KO
© Dean Andreas_KP
Risk Matrix
High High
Impact of risk
Probability of risk
© Dean Andreas_KP
I.1 Penyusunan Kebijakan
perbandingan penerapan
Keselamatan Pertambangan
dengan perusahaan lain
dan/atau sektor lain yang
lebih baik
© Dean Andreas_KP
OHS Performance
Measurement
© Dean Andreas_KP
Indikator Terkemuka
© Dean Andreas_KP
Statistik Kecelakaan
© Dean Andreas_KP
• Frequency Rate
• Severity Rate
Jumlah hari kerja hilang
× 1.000.000
Jumlah jam kerja kumulatif
© Dean Andreas_KP
Statistik Kesehatan
© Dean Andreas_KP
• Morbidity Frequency Rate
Jumlah pekerja yang sakit karena penyakit,
tidak termasuk kecelakaan × 1.000.000
Jumlah jam kerja kumulatif
© Dean Andreas_KP
• Rasio Kelayakan Kerja
Jumlah pekerja yang layak kerja berdasarkan
pemeriksaan kesehatan pemeriksaan
× 100%
Jumlah pekerja kumulatif
© Dean Andreas_KP
contoh
Frequency Rate 2020
0.3
0.28
0.25
0.22
0.2
0.19
0.15 0.15
0.1 0.11
0.05
lebih baik
0
PT Burung Bebas Kompetitor 1 : PT Kompetitor 2 : PT Kompetitor 3 : PT Rata-Rata Nasional
Produksi 2.200.000 ton Sangkar Burung Burung Kembar Burung Tertib
Produksi 2.250.000 ton Produksi 2.100.000 ton Produksi 2.500.000 ton
*) for academic purposes only © Dean Andreas_KP
contoh
Severity Rate 2020
180
160 157.52
140
120
60 56.38
40 lebih baik
20
0
PT Burung Bebas Kompetitor 1 : PT Sangkar Kompetitor 2 : PT Burung Kompetitor 3 : PT Burung Tertib Rata-Rata Nasional
Produksi 2.200.000 ton Burung Kembar Produksi 2.500.000 ton
Produksi 2.250.000 ton Produksi 2.100.000 ton
FR Kompetitor 3
PT Burung Tertib
Kompetitor 1
PT Sangkar Burung
Kompetitor 2
PT Burung Kembar
S
WEAKNESSES W
OPPORTUNITIES
O
T H R E AT S
T
SWOT
ANALYSIS
© Dean Andreas_KP
Porter’s 5 Forces Model
THREAT OF NEW
ENTRY
SUPPLIER POWER COMPETITIVE BUYER POWER
RIVALRY
SUBSTITUTION
THREAT OF
© Dean Andreas_KP
I.1 Penyusunan Kebijakan
© Dean Andreas_KP
• Cost Benefit Analysis
• Risk – Reward Ratio
• Lainnya
© Dean Andreas_KP
Safety….
As
L ow
As
Reasonably
P racticable © Dean Andreas_KP
Safety….
As
H igh
As
Reasonably
A chievable © Dean Andreas_KP
I.1 Penyusunan Kebijakan
© Dean Andreas_KP
Struktur Organisasi
© Dean Andreas_KP
TOP DOWN
&
BOTTOM UP
© Dean Andreas_KP
EKSKLUSIF
INKLUSIF
© Dean Andreas_KP
Sub Elemen I.2
I.2 Isi Kebijakan
1. Terdapat visi, misi, dan tujuan perusahaan terkait aspek
Keselamatan Pertambangan.
2. Komitmen dalam melaksanakan Keselamatan Pertambangan, yang
mencakup:
• peningkatan berkelanjutan dalam upaya untuk mencegah
kecelakaan, Penyakit Akibat Kerja, kejadian akibat penyakit tenaga
kerja, dan kejadian berbahaya, serta dalam upaya untuk
mencegah kerusakan aset dan terhentinya produksi, menciptakan
kegiatan operasional tambang yang aman, efisien, dan produktif
serta mewujudkan budaya Keselamatan Pertambangan.
• pematuhan ketentuan peraturan perundangundangan di bidang
Keselamatan Pertambangan serta persyaratan lainnya yang
terkait.
• dorongan untuk melibatkan Pekerja dalam pengelolaan
Keselamatan Pertambangan. © Dean Andreas_KP
VISI?
“what” the organization wants to achieve in future
© Dean Andreas_KP
Reason for existence
MISI? © Dean Andreas_KP
TUJUAN?
Cita-cita Keselamatan Pertambangan secara menyeluruh berdasarkan Kebijakan
Keselamatan Pertambangan yang ditetapkan perusahaan
© Dean Andreas_KP
KOMITMEN
© Dean Andreas_KP
LATIHAN
Menyusun isi kebijakan
© Dean Andreas_KP
Diskusi
Apakah isi kebijakan
KP perusahaan
Saudara/i saat ini
sudah sesuai dengan
persyaratan SMKP?
© Dean Andreas_KP
Sub Elemen II.4
© Dean Andreas_KP
Strategic Strategic
Measurement Management
© Dean Andreas_KP
OHSMS balanced scorecard (Mearns and Håvold, 2003)
Workforce
Level of
Customer Communication
Involvement & OHS
‘Ownership’
Health
Commitment & Surveillance &
OHS Audit
Involvement Promotion
Mearns, K. 2003. Safety Climate, Safety Management Practice and Safety Performance in Offshore Environments. Safety Science 41. © Dean Andreas_KP
Next
Elemen II
• OHS Objectives & Target
• Strategies
• Program & Budget (RKAB)
Elemen IV & VI
• Standards & Procedures
© Dean Andreas_KP
Sub Elemen I.3
I.3 Penetapan Kebijakan
© Dean Andreas_KP
Tertulis, tertanggal, ditandatangani
© Dean Andreas_KP
Disahkan
© Dean Andreas_KP
oleh pimpinan tertinggi
perusahaan
© Dean Andreas_KP
Diskusi
Siapa yang dimaksud
sebagai pimpinan
tertinggi perusahaan ?
© Dean Andreas_KP
Struktur Organisasi
© Dean Andreas_KP
Bersifat d i n a m i s
(menyesuaikan perubahan
yang ada di perusahaan )
© Dean Andreas_KP
Dapat dibuat Kebijakan Khusus
untuk masalah Keselamatan
Pertambangan yang bersifat khusus
© Dean Andreas_KP
tinjauan awal :
Diskusi
penilaian efisiensi dan efektivitas
sumber daya yang disediakan
Mengapa harus oleh
pimpinan tertinggi
perusahaan?
© Dean Andreas_KP
Analysis of Indonesia Mineral and Coal Mining Safety Management System Policy Using Soft System Methodology.
Dean Andreas Simorangkir. and Yudo Anggoro.
Published at Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi (ISSN: 1412-1700 Volume 17 Number 2 2018, accredited by DGHE, SK No. 60/E/KPT/2016).
Available at http://journal.sbm.itb.ac.id/index.php/mantek/article/download/2604/pdf_54
S u b Elemen III.7
© Dean Andreas_KP
Sub Elemen I.4
© Dean Andreas_KP
I.4 Komunikasi Kebijakan
© Dean Andreas_KP
PEKERJA TAMBANG
© Dean Andreas_KP
Risk Communication & Consultation
The 7Cs
C C C C C C C
LARITY OMPLETENESS ONCISENESS ONSIDERATION ORECTNESS ONCRETENESS OURTESY
Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH). 2015. Getting the message?
Guidance on communication. Leicestershire, Inggris.
© Dean Andreas_KP
I.4 Komunikasi Kebijakan
© Dean Andreas_KP
Komunikasi Kebijakan KP
(Horizontal & Vertikal)
• Website Perusahaan
• Papan Pengumuman
• Surat Resmi / Internal MEMO
• Safety Induction
• Brosur / Safety Campaign
• Verbal: Safety Meeting, General Safety
Talk. Daily Toolbox Meeting / P5M
• Informal
© Dean Andreas_KP
I.4 Komunikasi Kebijakan
© Dean Andreas_KP
Apakah pekerja memahami isi
kebijakan??
© Dean Andreas_KP
Response Hierarchy Models
Awareness Exposure
Cognitive Reception
stage Attention Awareness
Cognitive
Knowledge response
Interest Liking Interest Attitude
Affective Preference
stage
Desire Conviction Evaluation Intention
Behavior Trial
stage Action Purchase Behavior
Adoption © Dean Andreas_KP
Diskusi ‘New Normal’
© Dean Andreas_KP
Sub Elemen I.5
I.5 Tinjauan Kebijakan
© Dean Andreas_KP
F OUR B ASIC • What is going on? - clarification
• Why did this happen? – cause and effect
PATTERNS OF •
•
Which course of action should we take? - choice
What lies ahead? – looks into future
T HINKING Charles H. Kepner. Benjamin B. Tregoe. 2013. The New Rational Manager: An updated edition for the new world.
A NALYTIC •
•
What happened? – descriptive
Why did it happen? – diagnostic
A SCENDANCY •
•
What will happen? – predictive
How can we make it happen? – prescriptive analysis
© Dean Andreas_KP
TAMBANG ………
(V U C A)
© Dean Andreas_KP
FLUKTUASI HARGA KOMODITAS
93 © Dean Andreas_KP
Pergantian manajemen Puncak?
© Dean Andreas_KP
PERUBAHAN PERATURAN PERUNDANGAN?
© Dean Andreas_KP
PERUBAHAN PROSES BISNIS?
© Dean Andreas_KP
Rapid CLIMATE CHANGE
© Dean Andreas_KP
Industrial Revolution 4.0
© Dean Andreas_KP
© Dean Andreas_KP
Pandemi COVID-19
© Dean Andreas_KP
Entropi
Hukum
Termodinamika II
© Dean Andreas_KP
B l ac k S wa n Th eory :
Unex pec ted Surpri ses
© Dean Andreas_KP
Safety I Safety II
Emergency response
Risk of Present
© Dean Andreas_KP
Sub Elemen VII.2
© Dean Andreas_KP
CLOSING REMARKS
Shifting Paradigm of Objectives
• meeting issued specifications (paper compliance)
Beyond Compliance
© Dean Andreas_KP
Employees
Participation
Administrative
SMKP
P–D–C–A
Learn – Respond –
Engineering & Monitor – Anticipate
Process Design
Management
Support & Commitment
© Dean Andreas_KP
Building Blocks of SMKP
Safe
Place/ Safe
Process Person
SMKP
Safe
System
© Dean Andreas_KP
Journey Ahead!
© Dean Andreas_KP
The only constant
in life is change
Herakleitos
Filsuf Yunani Kuno pra-Sokratik
© Dean Andreas_KP
Level of Uncertainty
Courtney, Hugh. 2001. Crafting Strategy in an Uncertain World. Harvard Business School Press.
© Dean Andreas_KP
Safety-1 Safety II Safety III
(Hollnagel) (Hollnagel) (Leveson)
© Dean Andreas_KP
Ability to
Ability to
RESPOND
LEARN
RESILIENCE
Ability to Ability to
MONITOR ANTICIPATE
Hollnagel, Erik. 2011. Resilience Engineering and Safety Management. © Dean Andreas_KP
SEHAT DAN SELAMAT
DALAM MENGIKUTI
DIKLAT ONLINE
© Dean Andreas_KP
WE ARE
IN THIS
TOGETHER
© Dean Andreas_KP
MAJULAH PERTAMBANGAN
Untuk Indonesia RAYA
TO S AV E L I F E !
© Dean Andreas_KP