Perkenalan: Narasumber
Dr. dr. Hanevi Djasri, MARS, FISQua
FK UI (lulus 1994), MARS UI (lulus 1997), Doktor UGM (lulus 2019)
Konsultan PKMK FK UGM dan Dosen MMR FK UGM (sejak 2003)
Ketua Indonesian Healthcare Quality Network / IHQN (sejak 2005)
Fellow of The International Society for Healthcare/FISQua (sejak 2018)
Pengurus Pusat PERSI (sejak 2009), Pengurus Pusat PDMMI (sejak 2009), Pengurus
Pusat ARSADA (sejak 2016)
www.mutupelayanankesehatan.net
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Sistematika
1. Penerapan siklus PDCA/PDSA dalam
upaya peningkatan mutu
2. Sistematika penyusunan laporan berbasis
PDCA/PDSA
3. Kaidah penyusunan artikel ilmiah
berdasarkan laporan peningkatan mutu
Referensi utama
IHI: How to Improve
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Act /
Plan
Action
Study /
Do
Check
Contoh
• Apa yang ingin kita capai? • Apa yang ingin kita capai?
• Meningkatkan ketepatan • Mengurangi LOS pasien stroke non-
perhitungan dosis obat bagi pasien haemoragic
rawat inap • Bagaimana kita tahu bahwa
• Bagaimana kita tahu bahwa perubahan yang kita lakukan
perubahan yang kita lakukan hasilnya perbaikan?
hasilnya perbaikan? • Bila persentase pasien stroke non-
• Bila jumlah kesalahan perhitungan haemoragic yang pulang 7 hari
dosis dari bulan ke bulan turun meningkat dari bulan ke ke bulan
secara bermakna secara bermakna
• Bagaimana cara kita melakukan • Bagaimana cara kita melakukan
perbaikan? perbaikan?
• Menerapkan Sistem Single Doses • Menerapkan Clinical Pathways stroke
non-haemoragic
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1. Bentuk tim
Tim terdiri atas :
• SL: System leader (penanggung jawab sistem/proses)
• TE: Technical Expertise (ahli dalam proses dimaksud)
• DL: Day to day leader (pelaksana/penanggung jawab harian)
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6.Implementasi perubahan
• Rencanakan dengan detail (Plan)
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https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/
content/138/6/e20161248
2. Sistematika penyusunan
laporan berbasis PDCA/PDSA
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Judul:
Masalah mutu: Akar masalah:
…………………………………………………………….. -
…………………………………………………………….. -
Solusi perbaikan:
…………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………
Rencana pelaksanaan perbaikan: Realisasi pelaksanaan perbaikan:
- - Act /
Plan
Action
- -
Study /
Evaluasi hasil perbaikan Kesimpulan dan Saran Check
Do
- -
- -
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Contoh laporan:
Zero VAP Rate in the ICU by Reducing Time on Sedation
(Mercy Hospital, Buffalo, New York, USA)
• Problem: Mercy Hospital's strategy to eliminate ventilator- • Results: The Mercy team tracked data on the percent of their
associated pneumonia (VAP) for patients in the intensive care patients on propofol exceeding three days. They report a 77.2
unit (ICU) includes reliable implementation of the IHI percent reduction in days on propofol and an 82.2 percent
Ventilator Bundle, with a special focus on reducing the reduction in doses dispensed. They also report that the VAP
amount and duration of sedation for patients on ventilators rate for ICU patients has been at zero for almost a year and a
in the ICU. One of the key elements of the IHI Ventilator half.
Bundle is daily "sedation vacations" and assessment of
readiness to extubate the patient.
• Aim: To reduce the risk of developing hospital acquired
ventilator pneumonia for patients in ICU, with 50 percent
reduction in the amount and duration of sedation and 30
percent reduction in ventilator days by September 2011.
• Actions Taken: Physician leader rounding daily, Use of
ventilator order sheet, Protocol-driven sedation tools for
propofol use, Support from interdisciplinary team: pharmacy,
respiratory therapy, nurses, physicians; Education to
associates on MAAS scores; Daily sedation vacations
scheduled; Communication; Streamline documentation;
Ventilator Bundle education; Implementation of oral care
policy and oral care kits every 4 hours; Head of bed elevation:
30 degrees
http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/ImprovementStories/ZeroVAPRateinICU
ByReducingTimeonSedation.aspx
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Contoh laporan:
Reducing Asthma Hospitalizations and Emergency
Department Visits (Maine Medical Center, USA)
• Aim: To examine the impact of implementing elements of the • Summary of Results: There was a very substantial reduction
Chronic Care Model (CCM) in three clinical sites at Maine in asthma-related ED visits and hospitalizations in all three
Medical Center (MMC) in order to decrease visits and sites varying from 51 percent in Internal Medical Clinic, 40.7
associated costs connected with hospitalizations and percent for the BBCH Pediatric Clinic and 36.5 percent for the
Emergency Department visits with yearly comparisons Family Practice Center. The reduction among the clinic
beginning July 2001 (July 1, 2001 through June 30, 2002). patients was far greater than the 5.5 percent reduction in
asthma ED visits and hospitalizations observed for all patients
• Measures: Identified asthmatic patients from three clinic using the MMC during the same time period. The difference
sites (Family Practice, Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics); Data in utilization among clinic patients resulted in savings over
analysis on identified patients pertaining to hospitalizations $60,000. There was also a moderate reduction in non-asthma
and Emergency Department visits within a one year period of related ED visits and hospitalizations for the clinic population.
time (July 1, 2001 – June 30, 2002); Data analysis comparison
on costs of hospitalizations or emergency room utilization of
identified asthmatic patients; Used a comparison group to
track differences in increase/decreases
• Changes: Three sites (Family Practice, Internal Medicine, and
Pediatrics) adopted the Chronic Care Model as part of a
larger Robert Wood Johnson Foundation grant from the
Partnership for Quality Education. The focus of the grant was
to develop and implement a teaching curriculum based on
the Chronic Care Model. Using AH! (Asthma Health) as a
model for chronic illness care, these sites implemented an
intervention consisting of a redesigned team approach, an
emphasis on patient self-management skills, and the use of
registries to track populations of patients. http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/ImprovementStories/ReducingAsthmaH
ospitalizationsandEmergencyDepartmentVisits.aspx
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Artikel ilmiah
Jurnal ISQua:
• Adalah publikasi yang • Research articles: reports of original research on
didasarkan pada bukti quality of care.
• Review articles: systematic reviews, quantitative or
empiris. narrative, of issues related to quality of care
• Methods articles: didactic articles about methods
• Mendukung hipotesis atau in quality of care research or management
• Quality in practice: case-studies of general
menjawab pertanyaan interest. These articles should be no longer than 2
pages in length.
• Ada berbagai jenis artikel, • Perspectives on quality: reflective articles about
quality in health care. These articles should be no
antara lain Laporan longer than 2 pages in length.
• Frontiers of improvement: Short opinion pieces (<
Peningkatan Mutu 1000 words, maximum upto 10 references and one
figure/table)
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Judul
• Judul Tulis judul yang simple, atraktif dan akurat
• Hanya 5-14 kata. Hindari kata klise: Studi tentang, kajian tentang,
pengaruh pemberian, dsb
• Dengan membaca judul pembaca dapat mengetahui inti jurnal tanpa
harus membaca keseluruhan dari jurnal tersebut, contoh:
• Peningkatan kepatuhan penggunaan formularium obat melalui peresepan
elektronik
• Penerapan sistem FIFO untuk efisiensi biaya pengadaan obat dan bahan habis
pakai
Nama penulis
• Penulis I, penulis II,
penulis III, dst
• Tanpa gelar akademik
• Disertai nama lembaga
• Menyertakan alamat
email
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Abstrak
• Disusun belakangan
• 350 kata
• To the point:
• Apa masalah mutu mutunya?
• Seperti apa pilihan solusi yang diambil?
• Bagaimana cara implementasi solusi
tersebut
• Apa hasil evaluasi dan pembelajaran yang
didapat?
• Kata kunci: 4-6 kata (membantu pencarian)
Masalah Mutu
Berisi detail masalah terkait mutu yang
diintervensi
• Jelaskan masalah dalam konteks yang
ada
• Diskripsikan detail masalah yang akan
diatasi
• Tunjukan pentingnya mengatasi
masalah tersebut
• Tetapkan tujuan pemecahan masalah
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Pilihan Solusi
• Berisi detil gambaran bentuk-
bentuk intervensi dan
pendekatan yang digunakan
dalam implementasi intervensi, Struktur materi
Kejelasan
serta tim yang terlibat materi
Penguasaan
• Jelasan kerangka teori dan narasumber Peserta kelas
online Puas
kerangka konsep yang Kenyamanan
Bandwidth
menjelaskan asumsi bahwa internet
teknologi
online
intervensi yang dipilih dapat
mengatasi masalah tersebut
Implementasi
• Berisi temuan kunci tentang kaitan implementasi intervensi dan hasil
yang tercapai
• Perbandingan antara hasil capaian dengan teori yang ada sebelumnya
• Dampak intervensi terhadap orang dan sistem, serta strategi
implementasi terkait biaya.
• Kalau perlu cantumkan juga ethical clearance pada bagian ini
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Daftar pustaka
• Hanya mencantumkan pustaka yang
diacu dalam artikel
• Kaidah penulisan mengikuti ketentuan
jurnal yang dituju
• Agar memudahkan dapat
menggunakan berbagai program
reference manager (seperti Mendeley,
Zotero, Endnote, dsb)
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Terima Kasih
hanevi.djasri@ugm.ac.id
0816-191-3332
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