LK PEMBIAYAAN
M A k h s a n u r R o f i , S T, M M , N P D P, AT P, A s e s o r B N S P
PPM SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
SESI 10
1 . FA C T O R I N G
2. LEASING
3. CONSUMER FINANCE
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REGULATION
3
REGULATION
• Leasing, Factoring, Credit card,
KEPPRES No. 61 Tahun 1988 Consumer finance, Venture
Capital, Securities
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DEFINITION
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WORKING CAPITAL
INEFFICIENCY
Deteriorated
Opportunity Fine, Late
goods / Lost Uncollectible
cost idle fund administration
sales
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FACTORING BENEFIT
Industry:
Berkembangnya industri
CRM: Mempertahankan
retail, perdagangan,
pelanggan loyal
komoditas, ekspor
impor, dan lainnya
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TRANSACTION
1. Penyerahan barang/jasa
Setiap hari,
setiap pelanggan
FACTOR
TRANSAKSI FACTORING 1. Application form,
2. Client analysis,
CLIENT
DENGAN (PABRIK, SUPPLIER, PENJUAL
3. Agreement &
FAC TO R I N G Offering
PRODUK/JASA)
4. Procedure
TRANSAKSI JUAL BELI 5. Closing
Satu kali kontrak,
seluruh pelanggan CUSTOMER
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FACTORING COST
Factoring charge, Perhitungan service charge didasarkan dari
persentase dari nilai faktur yang dialihkan ke Factor
Service charge, dengan memperhitungkan hal-hal sebagai berikut:
Administration fee, Volume penjualan client per tahun, Jumlah customer,
Jumlah Faktur dan Nota Kredit, Risiko Kredit
Commission Customer
Supplier Buyer
Hawalah Dayn:
HAWALAH
Hawalah Haqq:
Pemindahan
Pemindahan hak
membayar kewajiban
menuntut piutang
utang
Hawalah Muqayyadah:
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Hawalah Mutlaqah:
Pemindahan bersyarat
Pemindahan mutlak
ganti dari muhil ke
dari muhil ke muhal
muhal
RISK
Risiko Valuta Asing 1
Risiko Valuta
Risiko Klien
Asing
Risiko Klien 2
Risiko Risiko
Risiko Likuiditas 3
Likuiditas Pembiayaan
Risiko Pembiayaan 4
Risiko
Risiko Ekonomi 5
Risiko Ekonomi
Kompetisi
Risiko Kompetisi 6
Risiko Kebijakan 8
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SESI 10
1 . FAC TO R I N G
2. LEASING
3. CONSUMER FINANCE
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DEFINITION
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DEFINITION
Beli tunai Keterangan Beli Tunai Beli Kredit Sewa Beli Leasing Sewa-Menyewa
Jenis barang Semua jenis Semua jenis Bergerak Bergerak & Bergerak disertai
investasi investasi tidak bergerak pemeliharaan
Penyewa/ Perusahaan, Perusahaan, Perusahaan, Perusahaan, Perusahaan,
Beli kredit Pembeli perorangan perorangan perorangan perorangan perorangan
Bentuk Perusahaan, Bank, Lembaga Supplier Badan hukum Supplier
Investasi perusahaan perorangan Pembiayaan
Pemilikan Pembeli barang Debitur Penjual Lessor Pemilik barang
aset tetap barang
Sewa beli Jangka Pendek Bebas Pendek Menengah, Pendek,
waktu bergantung menengah
umur aset
Biaya 100%, tinggi 65% - 75%, tinggi 80% 100% Lebih rendah
Leasing Biaya bunga Tidak ada Spread & interest Tinggi Bunga dan
margin
Bunga dan margin
Akhir Tetap milik pembeli Kredit lunas, Menjadi milik Hal opsi beli, kembali ke pemilik
kontrak jaminan kembali penyewa perpanjang,
Sewa- kepada debitur mengembalikan
Menyewa
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LESSEE BENEFIT
Mengurangi risiko
Adanya periode
keusangan dan risiko
percobaan
pemeliharaan aset
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LESSOR BENEFIT
Penyerapan produk
Utilisasi aset Volume dan skala usaha
vendor yang berlebih
Pendalaman industri
keuangan & aset riil
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PARTIES
Lessor
Lesssee Supplier
Insurance Bank
Venture
Capital
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LEASING TYPE
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LEASING TYPE
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LEASING TYPE
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LEASING TYPE
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LEASING TYPE
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LEASING TYPE
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LESSOR TYPE
Independent leasing company
Pembelian Barang
Independent
Supplier
Pembayaran Lessor
Captive lessor
Penyewaan
Barang Modal Pembayaran Leasing
Lessee
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LESSOR TYPE
Lease broker/packager
Lessee
Kreditur
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LESSOR TYPE
Lease broker/packager
Lessee
Kreditur
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PAYMENT
Skipped
Step Lease Payment
Lease
Payment in Payment in
Advance Arrears
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SESI 10
1 . FAC TO R I N G
2. LEASING
3. CONSUMER FINANCE
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DEFINITION
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REGULATION
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CREDIT APPROVAL INDIVIDUAL FACTORS
Current risk profile (incl. the nature and aggregate amounts of risks) of
the borrower or counterparty and its sensitivity to economic and market
developments;
Solving
Borrower’s repayment history and current capacity to repay, based on the asymmetric
historical trends in its financials and future cash flow projections, under information
various scenarios; customer’s capacity to increase its level of problems by
indebtedness; collecting
reliable
The proposed terms and conditions of the credit, including covenants information
designed to limit changes in the future risk profile of the borrower;
about
Proposed collateral types, LTV, adequacy and enforceability of collaterals prospective
or guarantees, under various scenarios; borrowers.
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CREDIT APPROVAL BUSINESS FACTORS
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CREDIT RISK ASSESSMENT TOOLS
Expert judgment
Limits system
The 5 Cs
Problems with Expert Systems
• Character – reputation, repayment history
Consistency
• Capital – equity contribution, leverage. o Across borrower. “Good” customers
are likely to be treated more
• Capacity – Earnings volatility. leniently. “A rolling loan gathers no
loss.”
• Collateral – Seniority, market value & volatility o Across expert loan officer. Loan
of MV of collateral. review committees try to set
standards, but still may vary.
• Cycle – Economic conditions. o Dispersion in accuracy across 43 loan
officers evaluating 60 loans: accuracy
• 1990-91 recession default rates >10%, 1992- rate ranged from 27-50. Libby (1975),
1999: < 3% p.a. Altman & Saunders (2001) Libby, Trotman & Zimmer (1987).
• Non-monotonic relationship between Subjectivity
o What are the optimal weights to
interest rates & excess returns. Stiglitz- assign to each factor?
Weiss adverse selection & risk shifting.
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CREDIT RISK RATING SYSTEM
FICO SCORE
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THANK YOU
M AKHSANUR ROFI