• Otak merupakan
organ yang sensitif
thd iskemia
• Iskemia fokal
• Iskemia global 4vo
• Iskemia global BCCO
Perubahan Struktur Dan Mekanisme Vaskuler
STROKE
Hu et al., 2017. Circulation research, 12 (3)
1. akumulasi lipoprotein pada tunika 2. stress oksidatif
intima
3. aktivasi sitokin 4. penetrasi monosit
5. migrasi makrofag = foam cell 6. muscle cell smooth
7. akumulasi matriks ekstraseluler 8. kalsifikasi dan fibrosis
Pembentukan Aterosklerotik
apa yang terjadi pada stroke akut?
• aliran darah kembali lancar, namun terjadi produksi ROS yang berlebihan. Paparan kembali
terhadap oksigen yang akan memicu produksi ROS dikenal dengan oxygen paradox.
2. Tahap • ROS akan menimbulkan kerusakan sel melalui oksidasi DNA, peroksidasi membran sel,
reperfusi aktivasi matriks metalloproteinase, menyebabkan sel lisis
• adaptasi dan remodeling jaringan. Angiogenesis akan terjadi, juga vascular remodeling
3. Tahap post- yaitu proliferasi dan diferensiasi otot polos pembuluh darah.
reperfusi/ repair
Patofisiologi Iskemik Fokal Serebral
• Cardiorespiratory fitness
Aerobic exercises that include large-muscle activities, At intensities that are ~40-70% oxygen uptake
reserve or heart rate reserve; 55-80% heart rate max; rating of perceived exertion 11-14 (6-20 scale),
for 3-5 days/week, 20-60 min/session (or multiple 10-min sessions), that includes a 5-10 min of
warm-up and cool-down activities. Such activities are aimed at increasing walking speed and
efficiency, improving exercise tolerance (functional capacity).
• Muscle strengthening
Muscular Strength/Endurance activities include resistance training of upper and lower extremities,
trunk using free weights, weight-bearing or partial weight-bearing activities, elastic bands, spring
coils, pulleys, circuit training, and functional mobility. At intensities that correspond to 1 to 3 sets of
10-15 repetitions of 8-10 exercises involving the major muscle groups at 50-80% of 1 repetition max,
for 2-3 days/week, with gradually increasing resistance over time as tolerance permits.
• Normalising tone and Range of motion
Flexibility should also be a focus that involves static stretching of the trunk and upper- and
lower extremities. Holding each stretch for 10-30 seconds, with the stretches performed 2-3
days/week (before or after aerobic or strength training).