EMBRIOGENESIS

UMUM JANIN
Riri Aprianti, S.Keb., Bd., M.Keb.
EMBRIOGENESIS

 Pengertian embriogenesis :
Proses pembentukan organ dari
tahap embrio sampai menjadi
organ yang dapat berfungsi
EMBRIOLOGI

 Pengertian embriologi :
Ilmu yang mempelajari tentang
embrio
EMBRIOGENESIS

 Periode prenatal :
Periode Embrionik (Embryonic
period)
o 8 minggu pertama
o Seluruh organ mayor terbentuk
Periode Janin (Fetal period)
o Sisanya 30 minggu
o Organ bertumbuh menjadi besar
dan lebih komplek
Embryonic Period - embrio

Figure 3.1 (1 of 2)
Fetal Period - janin

Figure 3.1 (2 of 2)
Periode kritis perkembangan dalam rahim

7
The Basic Body Plan

Figure 3.2
KONSEPSI

 Terjadi pertemuan antara sel telur

dengan sperma, disebut dengan
pembuahan (konsepsi)
 Proses pembuahan terjadi di ampula
tuba fallopi
 Hasil pembuahan disebut zygot
 Selanjutnya memasuki masa embrio
Fertilization to implantation -
Events of the First 6 Days of Development

Figure 3.3
Week 1 post conception

 Zygote divides repeatedly moving down tube

toward uterus (cleavage)
 The daughter cells are called blastomeres
 Morula: the solid cluster of 12-16
blastomeres at about 72 hours
 Day 4: late 60 cell morula enters uterus,
taking up fluid becoming blastocyst
Blastocyst stage
_____inner cell mas
 Two distinct types of cells ______trophoblas
 Inner cell mass: forms the embryo
 Trophoblast: layer of cells surrounding the cavity which
helps form the placenta
 Floats for about 3 days
 Implantation on about day 6 post conception
 Trophoblast erodes uterine wall
 Takes 1 week to complete
 If inner cell mass of a single blastocyst divides:
monozygotic (identical) twins
The Embryonic Period

 Stages of first week

 Zygote
 4-cell
 Morula
 Early blastocyst
 Late blastocyst (implants at this stage)
Week 2 – The Two-Layered Embryo

 Bilaminar embryonic disc

 Amniotic sac
 Yolk sac
Week 2 – The Two-Layered Embryo

 Bilaminar embryonic disc

 Inner cell mass dibagi menjadi 2
lapisan yaitu Epiblast dan hypoblast
 keduanya bersama-sama
membentuk bilaminar embryonic disc
Week 2 – The Two-Layered Embryo
Week 2 – The Two-Layered Embryo
 Amniotic sac  dibentuk dari perpanjangan epiblast
o Membran luar membentuk amnion
o Membran dalam membentuk amniotic sac cavity 
terisi dengan cairan amnion

 Yolk sac  dibentuk dari perpanjangan hypoblast

o Membentuk saluran pencernaan
o BUKAN merupakan sumber nutrisi utama dari
embrio
o Jaringan sekitar yolk sac membentuk blood
cells and blood vessels
Implantation of the Blastocyst

Figure 3.4 (1 of 3)
Implantation of the Blastocyst

Figure 3.4 (2 of 3)
Implantation of the Blastocyst

Figure 3.4 (3 of 3)
Week 3 – The Three-Layered Embryo

 Bentuk “Bilaminar” ke “Trilaminar” disc

 Primitive streak
 Gastrulation
 Membentuk “three germ layers”
 Notochord
Week 3 – The Three-Layered Embryo

 Primitive streak  muncul dari celah pada

permukaan dorsal dari epiblast
 Gastrulation  proses invaginasi dari
epiblast
oMembentuk primitive streak
oAkhirnya membentuk the three primary
germ layers
Week 3 – The Three-Layered Embryo

 Three Germ Layers*

 Endoderm  dibentuk dari hypoblast
 Mesoderm  dibentuk di antara epiblast and
endoderm
 Ectoderm  dibentuk dari epiblast dan
menetap pada permukaan dorsal
*Semua lapisan berasal dari epiblast cells!
Semua organ tubuh berasal dari ketiga lapisan
tersebut
 Formation of the 3 “germ” layers

 Primitive streak (groove) on

dorsal surface of epiblast
 Gastrulation: invagination of
epiblast cells
 Days 14-15: they replace
hypoblast becoming
endoderm
 Day 16: mesoderm (a new
third layer) formed
in between
 Epiblast cells remaining on
surface: ectoderm
The Notochord

 Primitive node  pembengkakan dari salah satu

ujung dari primitive streak
 Notochord  membentuk sumbu tubuh
o Membentuk sumbu tengah yang akan menjadi
dasar kerangka sumbu badan
o Tampak pada hari 16
Formation of the Mesoderm and Notochord

Figure 3.6
Neurulation
 Neurulation  ectoderm membentuk otak dan
medula spinalis (spinal cord)
o Neural plate – ectoderm in the dorsal midline
thickens
o Neural groove – ectoderm folds inward
o Neural tube – a hollow tube pinches off into
the body
 Cranial part of the neural tube becomes the
brain
 Maternal folic acid deficiency causes neural
tube defects
Neurulation

 Neural crest
 Cells originate from ectodermal cells
 Forms sensory nerve cells
 Closure of neural tube: begins at end of week 3; complete by
end of week 4 (folic acid important for this step)
 Extends cranially (eventually brain) and caudally (spinal cord)
 Neural crest, lateral ectodermal cells, pulled along and form
sensory nerve cells and other structures
Changes in the Embryo - neurulation

Figure 3.7a, b
Changes in the Embryo - neurulation

Figure 3.7c, d
Week 4 – The Body Takes Shape

Figure 3.8
Week 4 – The Body Takes Shape

 Derivatives of the germ layers

 Ectoderm forms
 Brain, spinal cord, and epidermis
 Endoderm forms
 Inner epithelial lining of the gut tube
 Respiratory tubes, digestive organs, and
urinary bladder
 Notochord – gives rise to nucleus pulposus
within intervertebral discs
Week 4 – The Body Takes Shape
 Mesoderm  membentuk :
 Muscle
 Bone
 Dermis
 Connective tissues (all)
 Mesoderm differentiates further and is more
complex than the other two layers
Week 4 – The Body Takes Shape

 Mesoderm (continued)
 Somites divides into
 Sclerotome
 Dermatome
 Myotome
 Intermediate mesoderm forms
 Kidneys and gonads
Week 4 – The Body Takes Shape

 Mesoderm (continued)
 Splanchnic mesoderm
 Forms musculature, connective tissues, and serosa
of the digestive and respiratory structures
 Forms heart and most blood vessels
 Somatic mesoderm – forms
 Dermis of skin
 Bones
 Ligaments
Derivatives of Germ Layers

Figure 3.10
The Germ Layers in Week Four

Figure 3.9a–d
The Basic Body Plan

Figure 3.2
Week 5-8 – The Second Month of Embryonic Development

 Membentuk bakal ekstremitas

 Embryo first looks recognizably human (week 8)
 Head is disproportionately large
 All major organs are in place

Figure 3.11
The Fetal Period

 A time of maturation and rapid growth

 Cells are differentiating during the first half of the
fetal period
 Normal births occur 38 weeks after conception
 Premature birth is one that occurs before 38
weeks
PERTUMBUHAN INTRA UTERIN

41
PERIODE KRITIS PERKEMBANGAN DALAM RAHIM

42
Developmental Events of the Fetal Period

Table 3.1 (1 of 3)
Developmental Events of the Fetal Period

Table 3.1 (2 of 3)
Developmental Events of the Fetal Period

Table 3.1 (3 of 3)
29 day embryo
(this is when the heart starts pumping, about 4 weeks
or 1 month, ½ cm size)
3 month fetus late 5th month
(6 cm) (about 19 cm)
month 3 month 5
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