REQUIREMENT
Inventory Control (PPIC) PLANNING
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INDUSTRI OTOMOTIF
Production Planning and Prepared by:
Inventory Control (PPIC) 1. Dr. Siti Aisyah, S.T., M.T.
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INDUSTRI OTOMOTIF 2. Laksmi Ambarwati, S.T., M.T
Course Outline
Pendahuluan
3
Production Planning & Inventory Control
Dalam Produksi, dikenal 3 jenis MRP
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
MRP
Hakekat MRP
Teknik perencanaan dan penjadwalan dengan waktu ancang yang
sudah tetap.
Sistem yang memberikan informasi yang berguna untuk
merencanakan kapasitas dan menghitung biaya yang dibutuhkan
Digunakan pada industri bersifat diskrit
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
MRP
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Keuntungan MRP
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Ciri Utama Sistem MRP
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Moto MRP I
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Input dan Output MRP
Peramalan
Master Production
Schedule
Material Bill of
Struktur
Requirement Material
Produk
Planning
Gannt
Chart
Purchase &
Production Plans
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Input MRP
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Output MRP
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Input MRP :
Master Production Schedule
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Input MRP :
Master Production Schedule
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Input MRP: Struktur Produk
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Input MRP : Struktur Produk
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Contoh Struktur Produk
1 produk A membutuhkan 2 unit B, 1 unit C dan 3 unit D
1 unit B membutuhkan 4 unit D dan 2 unit E
1 unit C membutuhkan 4 unit E dan 4 unit F
1 unit D membutuhkan 2 unit G dan 2 unit H
Maka struktur produknya adalah sbb :
A (1)
B (2) C (1)
D (3)
G (2) H (2)
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Input MRP : BOM & Gannt Chart
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Indented Bill of Material
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Contoh BOM dari 40 unit produk A
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Gantt chart produk A
E
B
Lead time
F
Item LT Item LT
C
A 1 E 5
A B 2 F 7
C 2 G 6
D 1 H 4
Hari
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Matriks MRP
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Matriks MRP
• LLC :
low-level-code; level paling rendah suatu item ditemukan dalam struktur produk
• Item :
nama atau nomor yang mengidentifikasikan item terjadwal
• Lot size :
Ukuran lot
• LT (lead time) :
Waktu sejak order dipesan sampai order diterima
• PD (past-due) :
orders behind schedule
• Gross requirements :
permintaan akan item pada perioda tertentu
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Part of MRP Matrix
•Scheduled receipts
• Jumlah dalam on order & receipt date
• Order yang telah dirilis menjadi scheduled receipt
•Projected on hand
• inventory pada akhir perioda
•Net requirements
• jumlah bersih yang diperlukan
•Planned order receipts (PORec)
• net requirements yang diubah menjadi ukuran lot
•Planned order releases (PORel)
• planned order receipts yang dioffset dengan lead time
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Syarat Pendahuluan
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Asumsi-asumsi
Struktur produk
Ukuran lot
Lead time yang berubah-ubah
Perubahan kebutuhan terhadap produk akhir
dalam horizon perencanaan
Komponen-komponen yang bersifat umum
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Teknik MRP
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Teknik Penentuan Ukuran Lot
Teknik ukuran lot untuk satu tingkat dengan kapasitas tak terbatas
Teknik ukuran lot untuk satu tingkat dengan kapasitas terbatas
Teknik ukuran lot untuk banyak tingkat dengan kapasitas tak terbatas
Teknik ukuran lot untuk banyak tingkat dengan kapasitas terbatas
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Teknik Penentuan Ukuran Lot
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Teknik Lot Sizing
•Untuk menjelaskan teknik-teknik lot sizing, lihat MRP Chart di bawah, yang
menunjukkan Gross Requirement (GR) selama 10 minggu
•
Diketahui:
• Biaya simpan: $2/unit/minggu
• Biaya set-up: $200
• Lead Time: 1 minggu
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Lot for Lot
• Teknik ini menetapkan besarnya lot pesanan sama dengan besarnya net
requirement
• Tidak selalu ukuran lot ditentukan dengan menggunakan cara demikian
karena:
• Memecah lot kemungkinan bisa menghasilkan biaya persediaan yang
lebih murah
• Pesanan kemungkinan dibatasi oleh lot pembelian kepada supplier atau
batasan kapasitas transfer pada shop floor, dll
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Lot for Lot Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Gross
35 30 40 0 10 40 30 0 30 55
requirements
Scheduled
receipts
Projected on
35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
hand
Net requirements 0 30 40 0 10 40 30 0 30 55
Planned order
30 40 10 40 30 30 55
receipts
Planned order
30 40 10 40 30 30 55
releases
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Lot for Lot Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Gross
35 30 40 0 10 40 30 0 30 55
requirements
No on-hand inventory is carried through the system
Scheduled
Total holding cost = $0
receipts
Projected on
35 0 0 0 0
hand There are seven setups for0this0 item0
in0this0 plan
0
Planned order
30 40 10 40 30 30 55
receipts
Planned order
30 40 10 40 30 30 55
releases
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Economic Order Quantity
Asumsi Penting :
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Economic Order Quantity
Usage rate
Order
quantity = Q
Inventory level
(maximum Average
inventory inventory
level) on hand
Q
2
Minimum
inventory
Time
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Economic Order Quantity
73, 484 = 73
PD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
GR 35 30 40 0 10 40 30 0 30 55
On Hand 35 0 43 3 3 66 26 69 69 39 57
POR 73 73 73 73
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
EOQ Lot Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Gross
35 30 40 0 10 40 30 0 30 55
requirements
Scheduled
receipts
Projected on
35 0 43 3 3 66 26 69 69 39 57
hand
Net requirements 0 70 0 0 47 0 34 0 0 16
Planned order
73 73 73 73
receipts
Planned order
73 73 73 73
releases
Gross
35 30 40 0 10 40 30 0 30 55
requirements
IfScheduled
Annual demand not known
receipts
Total cost = setup cost + holding cost
Projected on
35 0 43 3 3 66 26 69 69 39 57
Total
hand cost = (270/73 * $200) + (750$)
= $1550
Net requirements 0 70 0 0 47 0 34 0 0 16
Planned order
73 73 73 73
receipts
Planned order
73 73 73 73
releases
Gross
35 30 40 0 10 40 30 0 30 55
requirements
IfScheduled
Annual demand known = 1,404
receipts
Total cost = setup cost + holding cost
Projected on
35 0 43 3 3 66 26 69 69 39 57
Total
hand cost = (1,404/73) x $200 + (73/2) x ($2 x 52 weeks)
Total cost = $7642
Net requirements 0 70 0 0 47 0 34 0 0 16
Cost for 10 weeks = $5745 x (10 weeks/52 weeks) =
$1470
Planned order
73 73 73 73
receipts
Planned order
73 73 73 73
releases
Gross
35 30 40 0 10 40 30 0 30 55
requirements
Scheduled
receipts
Projected on
35 50 10 10 60 30 30
hand
Planned order
80 100 55
receipts
Planned order
80 100 55
releases
Lot-for-lot $1400
EOQ $1470
PPB $980
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Lot Size Adjustment
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Fixed Order Quantity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Gross
35 30 40 0 10 40 30 0 30 55
requirements
Scheduled
receipts
Projected on
35 60 20 20 10 60 30 30 35
hand
Net requirements 0 30 30 55
Planned order
90 90 90
receipts
Planned order
90 90 90
releases
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Gross
35 30 40 0 10 40 30 0 30 55
requirements
Scheduled
receipts
Projected on
35 40 40 55
hand
Net requirements 0 70 50 30 85
Planned order
70 50 30 85
receipts
Planned order
70 50 30 85
releases
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Gross
35 30 40 0 10 40 30 0 30 55
requirements
Scheduled
receipts
Projected on
35 40 70 30 0 55
hand
Net requirements 0 70 80 85
Planned order
70 80 85
receipts
Planned order
70 80 85
releases
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
LUC Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Gross
35 30 40 0 10 40 30 0 30 55
requirements
Scheduled
receipts
Projected on
35 50 10 10 30 55
hand
Net requirements 0 80 70 85
Planned order
80 70 85
receipts
Planned order
80 70 85
releases
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
MCP Example
Periode Keb HC SC TC C/P
2 30 0 200 200 200
2,3 70 80 200 280 140
2,3,4 70 80 200 280 93,3
2,3,4,5 80 140 200 340 85
2,3,4,5,6 120 260 200 460 92
6 40 0 200 200 200
6,7 70 60 200 260 130
6,7,8 70 60 200 260 86,6
6,7,8,9 100 150 200 350 87,5
9 30 0 200 200 200
9,10 85 110 200 310 155
10 55 0 200 200 200
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Perbandingan Teknik Lot Sizing
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Perbandingan Teknik Lot Sizing
Evaluasi dan penggunaan metode lot sizing (Nydick and Weiss) dengan
menggunakan simulasi
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Perbandingan Teknik Lot Sizing
Menurut hasil survey penggunaan di lapangan (Wemmerlov;
Haddock and Hubicki)
Jumlah perusahaan
Metode
yang menggunakan
1. Fixed Period Requirement 7
2. Lot-for-Lot 6
3. Fixed Order Quantity 5
4. Economic Order Quantity 4
5. Price Breaks 3
6. Part Period Balancing 2
7. Planner Decided Lot Sizes 2
8. Least Total Cost 1
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Ketidakpastian
Sumber Ketidakpastian
Jenis
Demand Supply
Saat kebutuhan Order tidak diterima pada
Timing bergeser waktunya
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Production Planning & Inventory Control
Kelemahan Sistem MRP
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Production Planning & Inventory Control