01 - ASSTT-2016-Pendhl

ANALISIS STRUKTUR STATIS TAK TENTU
KESEIMBANGAN STATIK
(STATIC EQUILIBRIUM)
Suatu struktur dikatakan dalam keadaan seimbang statik, jika jumlah
gaya dan jumlah momen pada sistem tersebut sama dengan nol:
STRUKTUR DALAM RUANG (SPACE STRUCTURES  3D):

Mempunyai 6 DOF (Degree of Freedom)
atau mempunyai 6 buah possible displacement
v Persamaan Keseimbangan:
SFx = 0 SFy = 0 SFz = 0
y
SMx = 0 SMy = 0 SMz = 0
qy
DOF atau Possible Displacement:
qz u Translasi : u, v, w
O x
qx Rotasi ; qx, qy, qz
z
w
Jurusan Teknik Sipil & Lingkungan ANALISIS STRUKTUR STATIS TAK TENTU Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo
Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada 01 - 01
KESEIMBANGAN STATIK
(STATIC EQUILIBRIUM)
STRUKTUR PADA BIDANG DATAR (PLANE STRUCTURES 2D)

Mempunyai 3 DOF (Degree of Freedom)
atau mempunyai 3 buah possible displacement
v
Persamaan Keseimbangan:
SFx = 0 SFy = 0 SMz = 0
y
DOF atau Possible Displacement:

qz Translasi : u, v
O x
u Rotasi : qz
FREE BODY DIAGRAM
Jika sebuah struktur dalam keadaan seimbang statik akibat

gaya dan momen yg ada, maka setiap bagian dari struktur
tersebut juga dalam keadaan seimbang statik.
Suatu bagian yang diambil/dipisahkan/dipotong dari sistem

struktur tersebut akan tetap dalam keadaan seimbang akibat
gaya-gaya yang bekerja dan akibat reaksi-reaksi yang timbul
pada tumpuan dan potongan tsb.
FREE BODY DIAGRAM
Akibat beban P  terjadi reaksi-reaksi tumpuan: V, H dan M di tumpuan A.
P
M = P.L. Sin a
A C B a
H = P. Cos a x
L
Dipotong di titik C:
V = P. Sin a
Sistem struktur dalam keadaan seimbang statik. P
M = P.x. Sin a C
B a
H = P. Cos a x
SFx = 0 V = P. Sin a
SFy = 0
SMz = 0 Free Body Diagram
berlaku pada sistem struktur dalam keadaan seimbang statik
maupun pada sub-sistem str.
COMPATIBILTY OF FORCES & DISPLACEMENTS
Setiap struktur harus memenuhi:

- Persyaratan keseimbangan (Equilibrium Equation)
- Persyaratan batas geometrik (Geometrical Constraint)
SFx = 0 SFy = 0 SMz = 0
Persamaan Kompatibilitas:
MA Pada tumpuan berlaku:

C
A B Tump.A: h,A = v,A = qA = 0
HA HB
Tump.B: h,B = v,B = 0
VA VC Tump.C: v,C = 0
VB
 = translasi, q = rotasi
Fixed Hinge Roller
COMPATIBILTY OF FORCES & DISPLACEMENTS
Jika struktur dibayangkan dipotong di titik D, maka pada

potongan tersebut akan timbul reaksi-reaksi internal HD, VD dan
MD yang menjamin struktur tetap „continuous“ di titik D.
MD VD
HD
HD
VD MD
MA
Reaksi2 internal di seb. kiri
C Potongan = Reaksi2 internal
A B
HA HB di seb. kanan Potongan
VC (Nilai sama, arah berlawanan)
VA VB
Fixed Hinge Roller
STATICALLY DETERMINATE STRUCURES

VS
STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES
Struktur statis tertentu:

untuk menyelesaikannya (menghitung reaksi dan gaya-gaya
dalam) cukup menggunakan Persamaan Keseimbangan Statik
(Stattic Equilibrium Equation).
Untuk kasus Plane Structures (2D):
SFx = 0 SFy = 0 SMz = 0
R = Jumlah reaksi yang akan dicari

B C N = Jumlah persamaan keseimbangan
HB yang apllicable
VB Simple beam di samping: R = 3 & N = 3
VC
Struktur statis tertentu:

Untuk suatu jenis sistem statis tertentu yang lain, selain persm
keseimbangan diperlukan juga Persm. Kondisional, mis. pada
struktur pelengkung tiga sendi & balok Gerber.
S
R = Jumlah reaksi yang tak dicari
Hinge
N = Jumlah persamaan keseimbangan
B HB yang aplicable
C = Jumlah Persm. Kondisional
HA A VB
R=N+C
VA (N+C) = Jumlah Persm. Statika

Untuk Str. Pelengkung 3 Sendi
di atas:
R=4 N=3 C=1
R=N+C 4=3+1
Struktur statis tak tentu:

Statically Indeterminate Structures
Hyperstatic Structures
Redundant Structures
 untuk menyelesaikannya tidak cukup hanya digunakan

persamaan keseimbangan statik saja
 digunakan: - persamaan keseimbangan statik

SFx = 0 SFy = 0 SMz = 0
dan
- persamaan kompatibilitas
yg diperoleh dari kondisi geometrik struktur.
Jml. Persm. = degree of indeterminacy
Struktur statis tak tentu:

Dapat dibedakan menjadi:
- Struktur statis tak tentu di luar (externally static indeterminate)
- Struktur statis tak tentu di dalam (internally static indeterminate)
Struktur statis tak tentu di luar:
Jumlah reaksi pada struktur > Jumlah Persm. Statika yang

applicable
 Jumlah kelebihan reaksi (redundant) = degree of external

indeterminacy (De)
STT ST
A A
MA MA
B B
HA HA
VA R =4 VA De = 1
(Redundant / indeterminacy)
N =3 VB
De = 1
Struktur statis tak tentu di dalam:

Degree of internal indeterminacy = Di
Contoh:
Struktur Rangka Batang (Truss)
2.j = m + r  stabil & determinate
dapat: - external indeterminate

- internal indeterminate
- external & internal indeterminate
m  2j – 3 m = 2j – r
21 = 2.12 – 3 21 = 2.12 - 3
Stabil dan statis tertentu
Sendi Rol
m  2j – 3 m = 2j – r
21 = 2.12 – 3 21 > 2.12 - 4
Stabil dan statis tak tertentu
(eksternal, kelebihan reaksi)
Sendi Sendi
m  2j – 3 m = 2j – r
18 > 2.10 – 3 18 > 2.10 - 3
Sendi Rol (internal, kelebihan batang)
m  2j – 3 m = 2j – r
18 > 2.10 – 3 18 > 2.10 - 4
Sendi Sendi (internal dan eksternal,
kelebihan reaksi & batang)
SIGN CONVENTION
N N N N
Axial Force:
Positive Negative
V
V
Shear Force:
V
V
Positive Negative
++++
Bending Momen: ----
----
++++
Positive Negative
Kelebihan dan kekurangan Struktur Statis Tak Tentu
Statically indeterminate structures occur more frequently
in practice than those that are statically determinate and
are generally more economical in that they are stiffer and
stronger.
For example, a fixed beam carrying a concentrated load

at mid-span has a central displacement that is one-quarter
of that of a simply supported beam of the same span and
carrying the same load, while the maximum bending
moment is reduced by half.
It follows that a smaller beam section would be required in

the fixed beam case, resulting in savings in material.
There are, however, disadvantages in the use of this

type of beam for the settling of a support in a fixed beam
causes bending moments that are additional to those
produced by the loads, a serious problem in areas prone
to subsidence.
Another disadvantage of statically indeterminate

structures is that their analysis requires the calculation of
displacements so that their cross-sectional dimensions
are required at the outset. The design of such structures
therefore becomes a matter of trial and error, whereas the
forces in the members of a statically determinate structure
are independent of member size.
On the other hand, failure of, say, a member in a statically

indeterminate frame would not necessarily be catastrophic
since alternative load paths would be available, at least
temporarily. However, the failure of a member in, say, a
statically determinate truss would lead, almost certainly, to
a rapid collapse.
The choice between statically determinate and statically
indeterminate structures depends to a large extent upon
the purpose for which a particular structure is required.
As we have seen, fixed or continuous beams are adversely
affected by support settlement so that the insertion of
hinges at, say, points of contraflexure would reduce
the structure to a statically determinate state and eliminate
the problem. This procedure would not be practical in the
construction of skeletal structures for high-rise buildings so
that these structures are statically indeterminate. Clearly,
both types of structures exist in practice so that methods of
analysis are required for both statically indeterminate and
statically determinate structures.
Metode Penyelesaian Struktur Statis Tak Tentu
In the analysis of statically indeterminate structures two
basic methods are employed:
- flexibility or force method
- stiffness or displacement method
1. Flexibility or force method
In one the structure is reduced to a statically determinate

state by employing releases, i.e. by eliminating a sufficient
number of unknowns to enable the support reactions
and/or the internal stress resultants to be found from a
consideration of statical equilibrium.
For example, in the following frame the number of support
reactions would be reduced to three if one of the supports
was pinned and the other was a pinned roller support (a). The
same result would be achieved if one support remained fixed
and the other support was removed entirely (b).
(a)
(b)
Releasing a structure in this way would produce
displacements that would not otherwise be present. These
displacements may be calculated by analyzing the released
statically determinate structure; the force system required to
eliminate them is then obtained, i.e. we are employing a
compatibility of displacement condition.
This method is generally termed the flexibility or force method;
2. Stiffness or displacement method
The alternative procedure, known as the stiffness or

displacement method is analogous to the flexibility method,
the major difference being that the unknowns are the
displacements at specific points in the structure. Generally the
procedure requires a structure to be divided into a number of
elements for each of which load–displacement relationships
are known. Equations of equilibrium are then written down in
terms of the displacements at the element junctions and are
solved for the required displacements; the complete solution
follows.
Both the flexibility and stiffness methods generally result, for
practical structures having a high degree of statical
indeterminacy, in a large number of simultaneous equations
which are most readily solved by computer-based techniques.
However, the flexibility method requires the structure to be
reduced to a statically determinate state by inserting releases,
a procedure requiring some judgement on the part of the
analyst. The stiffness method, on the other hand, requires no
such judgement to be made and is therefore particularly
suitable for automatic computation.

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ANALISIS STRUKTUR STATIS TAK TENTU

STRUKTUR DALAM RUANG (SPACE STRUCTURES  3D):

STRUKTUR PADA BIDANG DATAR (PLANE STRUCTURES 2D)

DOF atau Possible Displacement:

Jika sebuah struktur dalam keadaan seimbang statik akibat

Suatu bagian yang diambil/dipisahkan/dipotong dari sistem

COMPATIBILTY OF FORCES & DISPLACEMENTS

Setiap struktur harus memenuhi:

MA Pada tumpuan berlaku:

COMPATIBILTY OF FORCES & DISPLACEMENTS

Jika struktur dibayangkan dipotong di titik D, maka pada

STATICALLY DETERMINATE STRUCURES

Struktur statis tertentu:

R = Jumlah reaksi yang akan dicari

Struktur statis tertentu:

VA (N+C) = Jumlah Persm. Statika

Struktur statis tak tentu:

 untuk menyelesaikannya tidak cukup hanya digunakan

 digunakan: - persamaan keseimbangan statik

Struktur statis tak tentu:

- Struktur statis tak tentu di luar (externally static indeterminate)

- Struktur statis tak tentu di dalam (internally static indeterminate)

Struktur statis tak tentu di luar:

Jumlah reaksi pada struktur > Jumlah Persm. Statika yang

 Jumlah kelebihan reaksi (redundant) = degree of external

Struktur statis tak tentu di dalam:

2.j = m + r  stabil & determinate

dapat: - external indeterminate

For example, a fixed beam carrying a concentrated load

It follows that a smaller beam section would be required in

There are, however, disadvantages in the use of this

Another disadvantage of statically indeterminate

On the other hand, failure of, say, a member in a statically

1. Flexibility or force method

In one the structure is reduced to a statically determinate

The alternative procedure, known as the stiffness or

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