Sumur Dan Uji Sumur Geotermal - Webinar PLN - 20220906 PDF

Dimas Taha Maulana, ST., MT.
Introduction to
Geothermal Master Program
Petroleum Engineering Geothermal
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Well
1
• NZ Standard. Code of Practice for Deep Geothermal Wells. 2015
• Sandia Report: Handbook of Best Practices for Geothermal
Referensi Drilling
• Best Practices Guide for Geothermal Exploration. IFC & IGA
2
Outline
An overview: Indonesian
Geothermal Wells
Well components
Well types
Well Design & Program
3
Figure 1.: Sarulla, geothermal well in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Source: GRC
Rata-rata
Penambahan 4
tahun terakhir:
174 MW/yrs
Penambahan 2021:
Rantau Dedap: 98.4 MW
Sokoria : 5 MW
4
Number of Geothermal wells in Indonesia
± 642
5
Growth of Geothermal Energy in Indonesia
7200 MW
7000
Target 2025
6000
Berapa banyak
5000 sumur yang
harus dibor?
4000
MW
3000
2000
1000
0
2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025
Tahun
6
Generating capacity vs Number of wells
7
• Jumlah data sumur: 584, 284 non-success well
• Dengan Asumsi Sumur Ekonomis > 2 Mwe,
Success Ratio = 47% (277 sumur dari 584)
• Rata-Rata Kapasitas sumur (> 2 Mwe) = 11 MWe
8
Perencanaan dan Desain
Sumur Panas Bumi

Institut Teknologi Bandung 9
Drilling Standard
10
Well components
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Wellhead part
20
Casing
21
Introduction: Casing
Kegunaan masing-masing jenis
casing
Conductor casing:
• Memberikan arah pemboran pertama kali
• Tempat dudukan bagi seksi casing
berikutnya
Surface casing:
• Tempat duduknya BOP
• Menjaga kestabilan lubang sumur
• Melindungi air tanah dari pencemaran oleh
fluida pemboran
Intermediate casing:
• Isolasi zona abnormal
• Isolasi zona lost circulation
Production casing:
• Memisahkan zona produksi satu dengan
zona produksi lainnya
• Menjaga kondisi lubang sumur yang dapat
ditolerir subsurface completion equipment
Liners:
• *sama dengan production casing 22
Well Drilling
Types
Berdasarkan
Tujuan
Berdasarkan
ukuran lubang
sumur
23
Berdasarkan Tujuan
• Exploration
• Development
• Production and
Injection
• Make-up
• Workover
24
Berdasarkan Ukuran Lubang Sumur
• Temperature
Gradient/Delienasi (TG)
• Slim Hole
• Standard Hole
• Big Hole
25
• Sumur Awal
• Untuk mengetahui
gradien temperature
• Tidak untuk
diproduksikan
“Temperature Gradient” Well 26

• Dangkal (< 500 m)
• Diameter kecil
• Truk Rig
• Dibor tanpa BOP
Characteristics of TG Wells
27
• Data geologi dangkal
• Data temperature
• Data jangak pendek
• Data jangka panjang
• Monitoring
Data obtained
28
• Diameter lebih besar dari sumur TG
• TD (Total kedalaman) hingga
reservoir
• Dibor dengan menggunakan BOP
kelas ringan
“Slim Hole” Well Drilling 29

“Slim Hole”
Well (cont.)
• Dibor pada tahap
eksplorasi lanjut
• Tujuan pemboran untuk
memastikan cadangan
(dapat juga dijadikan
sumur produksi?)
• Data yang diperoleh
• - Kimia reservoir
• - Data struktur
• - Litologi
• - Gradien temperature
30
Keunggulan
Sumur Slim
Hole
• Lebih murah  30 – 50
% dari sumur standard
• Well pad kecil dan dapat
dilakukan di remote area
• Dapat mendapatkan
data yang sama dengan
data pada sumur
standard
• Dapat dijadikan sumur
produksi/ injeksi atau
sumur monitoring
31
Kekurangan Sumur Slim Hole
• Resiko pemboran lebih besar (aspek

rig, aspek kestabilan sumur, dll)
• Produktivitas atau injekstivitas
rendah *
• Resiko produksi lebih besar (scalling,
korosi, dll) *
32
 Untuk Produksi atau Injeksi
 Didesain kuat dan tahan lama
Standard and Big Hole Well Driling 33

Standard vs Big Hole
34
• Lantai Rig tinggi untuk memberi
ruang untuk BOP
• Kapasitas Pompa Lumpur yang
besar
• Kolam lumpur yang besar
• Memiliki HP yang besar
Rig Pemboran Sumur Standard

35
Perencanaan dan Desain
Sumur Panas Bumi

Institut Teknologi Bandung 36
Drilling design
process
37
38
39
Geothermal Drilling Technology Challenges
LOST CIRCULATION
Around 10% of total cost of
geothermal project is due to lost WELLBORE
HIGH TEMPERATURE circulation mitigation which can
caused stuck pipe (Non-Productive
INSTABILITY
Caused the tools temperature Time). Cause by mechanically unstable
limitation (esp: directional tools), formation, swelling clay, and
extreme thermal stress, and differential stress that may lead to
corrosion rate increases. drilling obstruction.
CEMENTING
GEOLOGY AND CASING
COMPLEXITY Lost circulation during
cementing can lead to
Sticking to the well
poor cementing that can
design is difficult due to
cause trapped water,
the poor predictability
which can affect the
of geothermal geology.
casing collapse.
40
Drilling Criteria
Reach the Target
Low Risk
Efficiently Cost
High MW
Low Maintenance
41
Well Planning Effort reduces Well Cost
42
Prospect Data Pore Pressure
Development Collection Analysis
Hole Casing Setting Fracture

Geometry Depth Gradient
Selection Selection Prediction
Well
Planning Completion
Planning
Drilling Fluid
Plan
Cement Plan
Workflow
Drill String
Rig Selection Casing Design
Design
Drill Time Cost

Projection Estimation
43
Project Development: Geothermal Well Targeting
Conceptual Model Approach

Exploration Well Target:
 Reservoir  Permeability and Temperature:
o Upflow
Geology
o Fault intersection
Structure &
Permeability
Recharge
zone
Up/out
Isotope
flow
Cap Rock Analysis
Heat Geochemistry
MT Source
Gravity
Reservoir
MT
44
Contoh
Well Trajectory
45
Day vs Depth (Example 2)
Days
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
500
1000 Stuck pipe @837 m

Depth (m)
1500
H2S @ 1700 m (1000 ppm)

2000
2500
46
Drilling Cost
Cost Componet Average %
CONTRACT RIG 32.08%
CASING & INSTALLATION 15.04%
DIRECTIONAL DRILLING 9.40%
CEMENT & CEMENTING 8.65%
BITS, COREHEADS 5.70%
EQUIPMENT RENTAL 5.63%
MUD, ENGINEERING 4.05%
RIG UP / MOB 3.76%
SURFACE EQUIPMENT 2.90%
AIR DRILLING 2.58%
OTHERS 9.77%
Data Pemboran Geothermal thn. 2011 sd. 2018

Source: Eko Hari Purwanto, IIGCE 2018
Rata-Rata: 3000 - 4000 US$/m

Hanya Statistik, jangan dijadikan acuan desain.!
47
Day vs Depth (Example 2)
Days
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
Source: Eko Hari Purwanto, IIGCE 2018
500
1000 Stuck pipe @837 m

Depth (m)
1500
H2S @ 1700 m (1000 ppm)

2000
2500
48
Drilling Contract (2010 – 2018)
49
Sumber: Eko Hari Purwanto, IIGCE 2018
GEOTHERMAL DRILLING &
Well Problems
Dimas Taha Maulana
50
Natural Conditions of Geothermal
Highly
Fracture zone
Hard &
Abrasive
Abnormal
Pressure
Source: KS Orka
51
ntroduction NPT Code Description
STUC Stuck pipe
DPRB Downhole formation problem

DFAL Downhole equipment failure
RREP Rig repair
Rig surface equipment failure
SFAL (e.g. rig pump, engine, top drive,
etc.)
Waiting (wait on decision /
WAIT
material / approval)
RMOV Rig move
Drilling fluid equipment failure
(e.g. shale shaker, solid control,
FLUD
mud line leak, mud pond full,
etc.)
Cementing equipment problem
(e.g. cement pump failure,
CEMT
cementing line leak, cementing
engine failure)
WEATH Bad weather
STRIKES Employees or community strikes
WATSUP Water supply problem

LOC Loss of Circulation
REAM Reaming caused by tight hole
BOPF BOP Equipment Problem
KILL Kill Well, Well control situation
FISHING Fishing Job

ST Side Track
JAR Jar
MILL Milling
52
LOSS OF DRILL PIPE
PIPE STICKING HOLE DEVIATION
CIRCULATION FAILURES
BOREHOLE MUD FORMATION

HOLE CLEANING
INSTABILITY CONTAMINATION DAMAGE
EQUIPMENT &
H2S AND
PERSONNEL
SHALLOW GAS
PROBLEMS
53
Loss of Circulation
Finger & Blankenship (2010
Stuck Pipe
Well Instability
Loss of Drilling Fluid
Well Kick
Formation Damage
Difficult Cementing Job
54
Loss Circulation Handling
1. Blind drilling --> Requires plenty of water, ensure hole cleaning,

usually for production zone
2. Lightweight drilling fluid
• Air --> No liquid production
• foam --> To lift heavier cutting
• aerated --> To provide hydrostatic pressure
surfactant added to overcome heat effect
55
Loss Circulation Handling
3. Loss Circulating material (LCM)
• Fibrous & Flaky --> to catch solid from mud which conducts sealing mechanism. The best
option.
• Granular --> seal the tip of fracture to prevent build further
• LCM cannot handle big fracture --> cement plug
• LCM exp: mica flakes, fine rubber curbs, aqueous dispersion rubber
Based on fracture size, LoC Based on LoC Rate: (Sidorov, 1985)

- fracture > bit nozzle dia --> • Low (<15 m3/h)
- fracture < bit nozzle dia --> can sealed by LCM • Medium (< 60 m3/h)
Sandia National Lab developed cementitious mud • High (> 60 m3/h)
(bentonite + ammonium plyphosphate, borax,
and magnesium oxide) which temperature
driven.
56
Drilling with water
1. Lower temperature 1. Large volume water

2. High bottom hole required
pressure  high ROP 2. Cannot develop gel
3. No Mud cake  strength
reduce differential 3. No cutting returned
sticking 4. Cooling the reservoir
57
Loss circulation measurement
Bayu Wedaj, 2012
58
PIPE STICKING
Petrowiki.org
Mechanical: Cuttings Bed

Differential-Pressure Sticking
Mechanical Stuck Pipe: Cutting accumulation, formation instability, unconsolidated formation, faulted
formation, cement block
Differential pressure sticking: pressure difference formation & wellbore, most of geothermal reservoir
are subnormal pressure formation
59
PIPE STICKING
Mechanical: Key Seating Mechanical: Wellbore Instability
Petrowiki.org
60
Hole
deviation
61
Drillpipe failures
Twist off
Parting
Collapse
& Burst
Fatigue
62
WELLBORE INSTABILITY
- Often losing wells

- To prevent: needs geomechanics data or model.
63
Hole
cleaning
Cutting accumulated in the
area where mud velocity
reduced (after drill collar,
enlarged hole) and in the
wellbore bed (top of drill
collar)
- Stuck Pipe monitored from

torque and shaker
- Stuck Pipe action: jar and
rotate + Circulating maximum
rate
64
65
66
Case study: (W.A. Nugroho, 2017)
• Drill with lightweight fluid: foam
– Not established
• Set Casing 20’  hard to cement,
did top job cementing
• Next section (17 ½’)  LoC
treated with LCM  High torque
present
• Total Loss present  cement
plug (8x)
• Plugging material (bentonite ball)
pushed prior to cementing plug
• Total water & mud loss = 650,000
barrel
67
• 13 incidents of stuck pipe (2 lost in hole)
• 5 pack-off; 2 differential sticking; 2 wellbore
geometry (John Mitchell method, 2011)
• Most of incidents indicated by high torque.
Analyzed the Rotary bit, low WOB & RPM, Low
Dogleg severity give a result: Low torque 
High Torque can indicates Stuck.
68
GEOTHERMAL PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
GEOTHERMAL WELL TEST Ir. Nenny M. Saptadji Ph.D.

E-mail: dtm@tm.itb.ac.id
PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER TEKNIK GEOTERMAL
FAKULTAS TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN DAN PERMINYAKAN ITB

Has High Can Naturally
Temperature Fluid ? Discharge ?
Target utama pemboran adalah zona Reservoir dengan temperatur cukup
reservoir yaitu zona yang memiliki tinggi namun berfasa air, belum tentu
temperature tinggi dan mengandung air dapat mengalir secara natural jika
atau zona permeable. Informasi awal tekanan dari dasar sumur kurang.
zona reservoir diperoleh pada saat
pemboran sumur.
How Big Feed zone ?

Productivity? Sumur dengan multifeedzone perlu
Informasi AWAL mengenai kemampuan diketahui performa dan kontribusi
produksi sumur diperlukan untuk masing-masing feedzone, terutama
mendesain fasilitas uji sumur dan untuk mengidentifikasi adanya “thief-
fasilitas produksi sumur . zone”.
Fluid Chemical Well Integrity ?

Informasi mengenai kimia sumur Sumur layak diproduksikan jika kondisi
diperlukan untuk mengetahui apakah lubang sumur cukup aman, tidak ada
fluida berpotensi menyebabkan sumbatan maupun kebocoran.
permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan
kimia misalnya deposisi scaling dan
korosi.
Outline Geothermal Well
Discharge Initiation
Downhole
Measurement
Well Discharge Test

Source: Mubarok
WELL DISCHARGE INITIATION

Not Naturally Discharge
• Deep Water Level (>500 m) from

wellhead
• Low Temperature and Pressure
• Cold Water Column
• Well Damage
• Poor Reservoir Permeability
• High Elevation (lower water level)
• Small Hole Size.
• Reservoir Cooling or Pressure
Decreasing
Liquid Well Discharge Characteristic
Press. Temp. Permeability Condition Possibility Alternative
of Flow Solution
H H H Up-flow H -
H L M Far from L Continuous Air

outflow lift, pump,
H H L Reservoir M Res. Stimulation

damage
M H H Deep Res. M Air lift, air
Medium compression, huff
Enthalpy and puff, well to
well
WELL
INITIATON
METHOD

Source: Mubarok
Air Compression Discharge Stimulation
Well to Well Stimulation
Nitrogen Injection Well Stimulation
Air Lifting Well Stimulation
Steam Injection using a Portable Boiler

1. Air Compression
2. Nitrogen
Injection
• Diadobsi dari metode gas lifting untuk
pengangkatan oil and gas
• Umumnya gas yang digunakan adalah
udara, nitrogen, dan CO2  murah
dan mudah diperoleh. u
• Udara beresiko korosi dan scaling
• Nitrogen bersifat inert dan mudah
diperoleh (78% di udara)
• CO2 harganya kompetitif dengan
Nitrogen, namun termasuk gas yang
berbahaya.
• Prinsip di geothermal adalah
menginjeksikan N2 pada kedalaman
main permeable zone (MPZ) agar
tekanan statik pada MPZ adalah
tekanan flashing-nya.
Well to Well
Injection
Geothermal downhole
measurement
(well logging; flow logging; etc.)
Dimas Taha Maulana

OUTLINE
Introduction
Well Integrity Log
Flow Log (PTS): Method
PTS: Analisa
PTS: Wellbore Modeling
PTS: Exercise
PTS: Case Study
82
OUTLINE
Introduction
Well Integrity Log
PTS: Analisa
PTS: Exercise
PTS: Case Study
83
Well Test
Caliper Log
Water Loss Test/ Injectivity
Test
Pressure Fall-of Test
Heating Up Test
Discharge Test
Pressure Build-up Test
84
Well Test
Caliper Log
Test
Heating Up Test
Discharge Test
85
Well Test
Caliper Log
Test
Run PTS tools
Heating Up Test
Discharge Test
86
Well Test
Caliper Log
Test
Heating Up Test
Discharge Test
87
Temperature and Pressure Profile
Injeksi dengan
berbagai rate
Pemompaan Tekanan
0.0842 Bar/kg/s
Example (kg/s)
10.2
(bar)
38.8
Injectivity 0.00842 Mpa/kg/s
118.8 kg/Mpa.s
Reservoir Temp: 240 deg-C 15.3 39.2

Satu fasa uap
20.4 39.6
25.5 40.5
30 kg/s
Well Test
Caliper Log
Test
Heating Up Test
Discharge Test
91
well logging objectives
Well
Integrity Pressure &
(casing, Temperatur
liner, e
cement) Geological
Feed-zone
framework
characteriza
(lithostratigra
tion (PI and phy,
II) structure)
93
Downhole Survey
Sumber : Pertamina Kamojang
Sumber : Vertical.Net
94
Logging types
Open – hole operations
Cased hole operations
Production logging
95
Log Objectives
• Formation
• Temperature
• Pressure
• Fluid Flow
• Well/hole Integrity
96
OUTLINE
Introduction
Well Integrity Log
PTS: Analisa
PTS: Exercise
PTS: Case Study
97
Well integrity log
Go devil / dummy log

Impression Block
Caliper log
Cement Bond Log
Downhole video
Magnetic Thickness
Detector
98
99
100
Cement bond log
• Indicates the quality of
casing cementing
• Determination of “top of
cement”
• Water pockets in the
annulus
(Steingrimsson, 2011)
Teknik Produksi Panas Bumi ITB 101

Downhole video

Impression block

Magnetic thickness detector (mtd)

OUTLINE
Introduction
Well Integrity Log
PTS: Analisa
PTS: Exercise
PTS: Case Study

Sumber: www.warriorenergyservices.com

PTS Survey
• PTS survey dilakukan untuk mendapatkan
informasi-informasi:
• Lokasi zona-zona rekah pada suatu sumur
panasbumi
• PI dan atau II masing masing zona rekah
• Static PI dari setiap zona rekah
• Kontribusi aliran masing masing zona
rekah (massrate dan entalphy)
• dll

• Shut-in
Program pts • Injection
• discharge

GEOTHERMAL PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
WELL DISCHARGE TEST (2) Ir. Nenny M. Saptadji Ph.D.

E-mail: dtm@tm.itb.ac.id
PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER TEKNIK GEOTERMAL
FAKULTAS TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN DAN PERMINYAKAN ITB

Orifice
Hole Lips
Pressure ¼” Pipa uji Tegak
Steam
Lip Pressure
Vapor
ATM
Sampling Point separator
Press. Gauge Temp. Gauge

Pressure Gauge
Dr
ai
n
Manometer G
Va
Instrumen Weir box lv
Recorder e
Lips Pressure
Liquid Dominated SUMUR
Silencer + Weir box
Separator
Orifice
Calorimeter
(Siitonen, 1986)
Uji Produksi: Metoda Kalori
Meter
• Metoda kalorimeter umumnya digunakan untuk
mengukur laju aliran dari sumur-sumur yang
diperkirakan mempunyai laju aliran kecil (< 10 kg/s)
Perkiraan ukuran kalorimeter dan separator yang
dibutuhkan untuk uji produksi (Grant et al. 1982)
Hole Lips
Pressure ¼” Pipa uji Tegak
LIP PRESSURE
Top Valve 10”900 Steam
Bleeding Pipe ½”
Wing Valve
Valve line 10”-900 ATM
Master Valve separator
10”-900 Sampling Point
Press. Gauge Temp. Gauge

Pressure Gauge
Manometer Drain
G Valve
Lips Pressure
Instrumen Manometer Weir box

Recorder
Side Valve 3 1/8” Lips Pressure
SUMUR
METODA LIP PRESSURE
• Metoda Sembur Tegak (Vertical Discharge)
𝐺 ∗ 𝐻1,102
= 184
𝑃0,96
𝑀
𝐺=
𝐴
184 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ 𝑃0,96
𝑀=
𝐻1,102
P “lip pressure” [bar absolute]

H flowing enthalpy [kJ/kg]
G total laju alir masa unit area [tonnes/cm2.sec]
A luas area dari pipa lip [cm2]
M total laju alir masa [kg/s]
Lip Pressure Method –
Horizontal Discharge to a Silencer
Measurement of water from silencer using weir box
Triangular Weirbox
Rectangular Weirbox Suppressed Weirbox

Simplified Formula for V- notch Weir Box
For field application, the simplified equation commonly
used is:
Russel James formula
for calculating mass flow rate and enthaply
M : Mass flow rate from the
Watm welll (kg/s))
Y
A  p 0.96 H : Fluid enthalphy (kJ/kg)
P : Lip pressure (Mpa)
Watm : Water mass flow rate
measured in the weir box
at atmospheric condition
(kg/s)
Watm  2258 A : area lip (cm2)
M 2675 : Enthalpy at 1 atm
2675  H
Nenny Saptadji/ITB
Separator method
PRODUCTION TEST FACILITY
(SEPARATOR METHODE)
ATMOSPHERIC
FLASH TANK
SEPARATOR
WEIR BOX + V-NOTCH
COOLING POND
BRINE
TWO PHASE
STEAM ROCK MUFFLER
WELL
FLOW RECORDER
(ORRIFICE METHODE)
Tracer Flow Test
Well Production Type
Method Advantages Disadvantages
Calorimeter Inexpensive Low flow rate (max: 10 kg/s); Very

noisy; Not online; Moderate
Accuracy
Separator Accurate; Online and Initial High cost; Central Separator
Real time
Lip Pressure Initial Low Cost; Accurate Stop production; Noisy; Limit by
Fluid Chemistry
Tracer Dilution Not affecting flow; keep High cost, not real time.
well online
New Approach:
Ultrasonic, Coriolis,
Radio Frequency,
Load Cell
James Lip pressure Measurement evaluation
Perbandingan James
Lip dan TFT
menghasilkan error 13%
untuk Enthalpy dan 10%
untuk laju alir.
Error menurut Grant
2011 diatara 5-8%.
Sumber: Irsamukhti, 2015

Penyebab james lip tidak akurat
• Adanya NCG
• Kondisi aliran sumur yang
tidak setabil
• Pembacaan alat ukur
tekanan yang tidak baik
• Pembacaan ketinggian air
pada weir-box tidak akurat
Lip vs separator
Sumber: Mubarok, 2015

Monitoring Sumur
Parameter yang Dimonitor
• Tekanan dan Temperatur Kepala Sumur
• Total laju Alir (laju alir uap dan laju alir air)
• Tekanan dan Temperatur dasar sumur
• Tekanan dan temperatur sumur monitoring
• Caliper survey
• Sampel kimia dari kepala sumur
• Sampel uap daru turbin
• Uji produksi
• Uji plat korosi
Contoh Kurva Produksi Sumur Tidak Bermasalah
Scaling
(Malcom Grant)
Contoh Perubahan Tekanan Sumur Bermasalah
400 AWI1-5
PB 1-5
350
300
250
Steam Rate (kph)
200
DC
150
TFT
100
50
0
9/1/02 9/1/03 8/31/04 8/31/05 9/1/06 9/1/07 8/31/08 8/31/09
Permasalahan Sumur pada Saat Produksi
• Pressure & Temperature Decline

• Scaling
• Corrosion
• Casing Leaks
• Casing Collapse
Scaling
• Fasa cair fluida panas
bumi mengandung
mineral, silica, dan
garam.
• Umumnya Scaling Silica,
Kalsium Karbonat, Silika
Besi, Sulfida, Magnesium
• Identifikasi:
• Caliper
• Analisa Kimia
Dampak Scaling
• Menutup Reservoir, Sumur dan

Pipa Alir
• Mengurangi produksi sumur
• Perbaikan atau penggantian alat
• Menurunkan kapasitas PLTP
Scaling pada Lubang Sumur
Identifikasi Scaling
• Secara Langsung
• Logging Go Devil atau Caliper
• Sampel Scale (Scraper)
• Downhole Camera
• Secara Tidak Langsung
• Penurunan produksi sumur
• Analisa kimia
Mengatasi Scaling
Menggunakan Inhibitor/ Antiscalant

Mengeruk dengan Workover (reaming)
Menginjeksikan Asam
Menyuci sumur dengan asam menggunakan
Coiled Tubing (Rotojet)
• Beberapa jenis scaling yang ditemui di
lapangan geothermal :
- Silica (SiO2)
- Kalsit (CaCO3)
- Anhidrit (CaSO4)
KEMUNGKINAN TEMPAT TERBENTUKNYA ENDAPAN
Sulfide
deposition
Separator
Well head silencer
Silica
Two phase deposition
Production
casing flow
Calcite Demister
deposition
Silica Turbine
Single Water collecting tank Sulfide
deposition
phase flow
deposition
Slotted
liner
Condenser
Reservoir
Silica
Re-injection deposition Cooling tower
Sumber :
Yunis - PGE
Silika di fasilitas produksi Sumber :
Yunis - PGE
Pipa hot brine

Pipa cold brine
Turbin blade
Saluran pendingin
Kasus lapangan 1 :
• Penanggulangan
- Mengontrol temperature brine sampai ke
sumur reinjeksi
- Modifikasi pH.
- Secara bertahap dilakukan pencucian dengan
NaOH.
- Injeksi inhibitor skaling
Korosi
• Temperatur
• pH
• Konsentrasi Oksigen
• Kecepatan Alir Fluida
• Kandungan Solid
Penyebab Korosi
• Pada kedalaman dangkal, terjadi
karena Oksidasi. Dipercepat oleh
adanya kandungan Klorida, Sulfida,
dan NaCl yang tinggi
• Pada kedalam dalam dipengaruhi
oleh CO2 dan Asam Sulfat
Korosi Casing Eksternal

Korosi Eksternal di Permukaan
• Semen anti korosi
• Penggunaan Beberapa lapisan
Casing pada zona dangkal yang
asam
• Material casing yang tahan asam
Pencegahan
• Menggunakan Tie-Back Casing
• Plug and Abandonment jika
beresiko terjadi blow out
Penanganan
• Korosi dari dalam casing
• Disebabkan Asam sulfat pada
area vulkanik muda (pH < 3 )
• Korosi karena aliran fluida
Korosi casing internal

• Pemilihan material casing.
• Injeksi Caustic Soda untuk
meningkatkan pH.
• Menggunakan inhibitor
• Penggunaan Tie-back
• Well abandonment.
Pencegahan dan Penanganan

Kerusakan Casing
Kerusakan Casing dapat menyebabkan:
• Perbaikan yang mahal
• Penutupan sumur
• Pemboran sumur pengganti
• Penurunan produksi PLTP
• Beresiko blow out
Penyebab kerusakan casing
• Penyemenan tidak baik

• Casing putus
• Thermal Stress (pemuaian)
• Erosi
• Subsidence
• Korosi
Mechanical wear (Erosion)
Thermal
Expansion
Mendeteksi Kerusakan Casing
• Temperature Log
• Caliper Log
• Pemompaan udara ke
dalam sumur
• Camera Video
• Go Devil Log
Penanganan Kerusakan Casing
• Penggantian Casing pada kedalaman dangkal

• Dibor (Milling) jika Collapse
• Menggunakan Tie-back
• Jika Liner Putus, dilakukan Fishing
• Squeeze Cementing Plug
Well Killing and
Abandonment
Faktor yang mempengaruhi sumur di-
abandon
• Kondisi mekanikal
• Masalah sumur ketika pemboran
• Lokasi sumur
• Kondisi semen dan casing
• Korosi
• Pertimbangan zona produksi
• Pertimbangan ekonomi
• Rencana pengembangan lokal
Tipe Abandonment
1. TA – Temporarily Abandonment
• Dilakukan saat Workover
• Dilakukan pada saat pengembangan lapangan
2. P&A – Plug and Abandonment

• Menutup sumur selamanya
• Sumur bermasalah
Terima kasih atas perhatiannya 

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Dimas Taha Maulana, ST., MT.

Well Design & Program

Dimas Taha Maulana, ST., MT.

“Temperature Gradient” Well 26

“Slim Hole” Well Drilling 29

• Resiko pemboran lebih besar (aspek

Standard and Big Hole Well Driling 33

Rig Pemboran Sumur Standard

Dimas Taha Maulana, ST., MT.

Reach the Target

Hole Casing Setting Fracture

Drill Time Cost

Conceptual Model Approach

1000 Stuck pipe @837 m

H2S @ 1700 m (1000 ppm)

Data Pemboran Geothermal thn. 2011 sd. 2018

Rata-Rata: 3000 - 4000 US$/m

Source: Eko Hari Purwanto, IIGCE 2018

1000 Stuck pipe @837 m

H2S @ 1700 m (1000 ppm)

STUC Stuck pipe

DPRB Downhole formation problem

STRIKES Employees or community strikes

WATSUP Water supply problem

KILL Kill Well, Well control situation

FISHING Fishing Job

BOREHOLE MUD FORMATION

Loss of Drilling Fluid

Difficult Cementing Job

1. Blind drilling --> Requires plenty of water, ensure hole cleaning,

Based on fracture size, LoC Based on LoC Rate: (Sidorov, 1985)

1. Lower temperature 1. Large volume water

Bayu Wedaj, 2012

Mechanical: Cuttings Bed

Mechanical: Key Seating Mechanical: Wellbore Instability

- Often losing wells

- Stuck Pipe monitored from

GEOTHERMAL WELL TEST Ir. Nenny M. Saptadji Ph.D.

Dimas Taha Maulana, ST., MT.

FAKULTAS TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN DAN PERMINYAKAN ITB

How Big Feed zone ?

Fluid Chemical Well Integrity ?

Well Discharge Test

WELL DISCHARGE INITIATION

Dimas Taha Maulana, ST., MT.

• Deep Water Level (>500 m) from

H L M Far from L Continuous Air

H H L Reservoir M Res. Stimulation

Dimas Taha Maulana, ST., MT.

Well to Well Stimulation

Nitrogen Injection Well Stimulation

Air Lifting Well Stimulation

Steam Injection using a Portable Boiler

Dimas Taha Maulana

Well Integrity Log

Flow Log (PTS): Method

PTS: Wellbore Modeling

PTS: Case Study

Well Integrity Log

Flow Log (PTS): Method

PTS: Wellbore Modeling

PTS: Case Study

Pressure Build-up Test