PRAKTIS FORMATIF

Bab 3: Nutrisi
Nutrition
Bahagian A/Section A

1 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu eksperimen yang dijalankan untuk mengkaji penyerapan bahan melalui
tiub Visking.
The diagram below shows an experiment carried out to study the absorption of substances through
a Visking tube.

Air suling diuji pada akhir eksperimen. Antara yang berikut, yang manakah keputusan bagi eksperimen ini?
The distilled water is tested at the end of the experiment. Which of the following is the result of this
experiment?

Kanji Glukosa
Starch Glucose
A Ada Tiada
Present Absent
B Tiada Ada
Absent Present
C Tiada Tiada
Absent Absent
D Ada Ada
Present Present

2 Antara pasangan kelas makanan dan contoh makanan berikut, yang manakah betul?
Which of the following pairs of food classes and examples is correct?

Kelas makanan Contoh

Food classes Example
A Lemak Nasi
Fat Rice
B Protein Jagung
Protein Maize
C Karbohidrat Susu
Carbohydrate Milk
D Pelawas Nanas
Fibre (Roughage) Pineapple

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3 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan seorang lelaki yang menghidapi sejenis penyakit.
The diagram below shows a man who is suffering from a disease.

Antara nutrien berikut, yang manakah kurang dalam gizi pemakanannya?

Which of the following nutrient is lacking in his diet?
A Iodin B Vitamin C
Iodine Vitamin C
C Kalsium D Protein
Calcium Protein

4 Antara yang berikut, yang manakah fungsi bahagian pundi hempedu dan duodenum?
Which of the following are the functions of gall bladder and duodenum?
Pundi hempedu Duodenum
Gall bladder Duodenum
A Menyimpan hempedu Mencernakan lemak
To store bile To digest fat
B Mencernakan kanji Mencernakan protein
To digest fats To digest protein
C Menghasilkan hempedu Mencernakan kanji
To produce bile To digest fats
D Mencernakan protein Menghasilkan hempedu
To digest protein To produce bile

5 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia.

The diagram below shows human digestive system.

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 Antara yang berikut, yang manakah dicernakan dengan betul?
Which of the following are correctly digested?
I Karbohidrat
Carbohydrate
II Protein
Protein
III Vitamin
Vitamin
IV Kanji
Starch
A I dan II
I and II
B I dan IV
I and IV
C II dan III
II and III
D III dan IV
III and IV

6 Jadual di bawah menunjukkan tiga jenis enzim yang terlibat dalam pencernaan makanan.
The table below shows three types of enzyme involved in the digestion of food.

Enzim Makanan Hasil pencernaan

Enzyme Food Final product
Amilase Karbohidrat X
Amylase Carbohydrate
Protease Protein Y
Protease Protein
Lipase Lemak Z
Lipase Fat

Apakah X, Y dan X?
What are X, Y and Z?

X Y Z
A Asid lemak Maltosa Gliserol
Fatty acid Maltose Glycerol
B Maltosa Asid amino Asid lemak
Maltose Amino acid Fatty acid
C Asid amino Asid lemak Maltosa
Amino acid Fatty acid Maltose
D Maltosa Gliserol Asid amino
Maltose Glycer Amino acid

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7 Jadual di bawah menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi ujian yang telah dijalankan ke atas suatu sampel makanan.
The table below shows the observations for tests carried out on a food sample.

Ujian makanan Pemerhatian

Food test Observation
Larutan Benedict dicampurkan Mendakan merah bata terbentuk
dengan sampel makanan dan Brick red precipitate is formed
dipanaskan.
Benedict’s solution is added to the
food sample and heated.
Beberapa titik larutan iodin Warna biru tua terbentuk
dititiskan ke atas sampel makanan. A dark blue colour is formed
A few drops of iodine solution is
dripped onto the food sample.

Apakah yang terkandung dalam sampel makanan itu?

What is contained in the food sample?
A Lemak dan kanji
Fat and starch
B Protein dan lemak
Protein and starch
C Protein dan kanji
Protein and fat
D Glukosa dan kanji
Glucose and starch

8 Maklumat berikut menunjukkan Langkah-langkah untuk menjalankan ujian Millon bagi menentukan
kehadiran protein.
The following information shows the steps taken in Millon’s test to determine the presence of protein.

P – Masukkan beberapa titis bahan uji Millon

Put a few drops of Millon’s reagent
Q – Masukkan sedikit larutan albumen
Put a little albumen solution
R – Perhatikan perubahan dalam campuran
Observe changes in the mixture
S – Panaskan campuran
Heat the mixture

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan urutan yang betul bagi ujian itu?
Which of the following shows the correct sequence for the test?
A P, Q, R, S
B P, Q, S, R
C Q, P, R, S
D Q, P, S, R

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9 Seorang budak lelaki memakan makanan berikut sebagai makanan tengah hari dan malam.
A boy had his lunch and dinner by taking the following food.

Makan tengah hari

Lunch
• Nasi lemak
• Roti bermentega
Bread with butter
• Segelas air
A glass of water

Makan malam
Dinner
• Kuey teow goreng
Fried kuey teow
• Salad buah-buahan
Fruit salad
• Secawan kopi
A cup of coffee

Apakah yang kurang dalam diet budak lelaki itu?

What is lacking in the boy’s diet?
A Pelawas B Lemak
Fibre Fat
C Protein D Karbohidrat
Protein Carbohydrate

10 Suatu mendakan merah terbentuk apabila sampel X dipanaskan dengan dua titik bahan uji Millon seperti
yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah.
A brick-red precipitate is formed when sample X is heated together with two drops of Millon’sreagent as
shown in the diagram below.

What is sample X?
Apakah sampel X?
A Madu B Putih telur
Honey Egg white
C Mentega D Minyak kelapa sawit
Butter Palm oil

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Bahagian B/Section B

1 (a) Padankan bahagian-bahagian sistem pencernaan yang berikut dengan fungsi yang betul.
Match the parts of the digestive system with the correct function.

Mencernakan protein
 To digest protein
(i) Mulut 
Mouth Makanan dipecahkan menjadi cebisan kecil
 Food is broken down to small parts

(ii) Esofagus 
Oesophagus Pencernaan lemak, protein dan kanji
 Digestion of fat, protein and starch

Menghantar makanan ke perut

 Sends food to the stomach
[2 markah/2 marks]

(b) Nyatakan kelas makanan dalam petak yang disediakan.

State the class of food in the boxes given.
Pernyataan Kelas makanan
Statement Class of food
Diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan dan menggantikan tisu yang rosak
Required for growth and replacing damaged tissues
Diperlukan dalam kuantiti yang sedikit sahaja dan tidak
mengandungi nilai kalori
It is needed in small quantities only and it contains no calorific
value
[2 markah/2 marks]
Bahagian C/Section C

2 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia.

The diagram below shows the human digestive system.

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 (a) Apakah jenis makanan yang dicernakan di organ X dan Y?
What are the types of food digested in organs X and Y?
X: ______________________________________________________________________________
Y: ______________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/2 marks]

(b) Nyatakan fungsi organ pencernaan yang berlabel Z.

State the functions of the digestive organ labelled Z.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/2 marks]

(c) Baca pernyataan di bawah.

Read the statements below.

Enzim ialah mangkin biologi yang berfungsi baik pada suhu optimum 37°C. Mangkin ialah bahan
yang mempercepatkan suatu tindak balas kimia.
Enzymes are biological catalysts which function well at an optimum temperature of 37°C. Catalysts
are substances that accelerate chemical reactions.

(i) Sistem dalam badan manusia tidak akan berfungsi tanpa enzim. Berdasarkan pernyataan
di atas, terangkan mengapa.
The systems in the human body will not function without enzymes. Based on the above statement,
explain why.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/2 marks]

(ii) Terangkan mengapa nyawa seseorang terancam jika suhu badannya melebihi 42°C.
Explain why a person’s life is threatened if his/her body temperature exceeds 42°C.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/2 marks]

(d) Daging seperti daging kambing dibina daripada protein. Terangkan mengapa betik muda
boleh digunakan untuk melembutkan daging tersebut sebelum memulakan masakan.
Meat such as mutton is made up of proteins. Explain why raw papaya can be used for tenderising
meat before cooking.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/2 marks]

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3 Kaji piramid makanan di bawah.
Study the food pyramid below.

(a) Apakah risiko pengambilan jumlah makanan berlebihan di puncak piramid makanan pada satu jangka
masa yang panjang?
What are the risks of taking excessive amounts of food at the top of the food pyramid for a long period?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah/2 marks]

(b) Puan Lim menghadapi masalah obesiti hasil daripada pengambilan makanan berlebihan di puncak
piramid makanan. Cadangkan bagaimana Puan Lim dapat mengatasi masalah ini.
Mrs Lim faces the problem of obesity as a result of excessive consumption of the food at the top of
the food pyramid. Suggest how she can overcome this problem.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
[3 markah/3 marks]

(c)
Hamburger Ayam goreng Kentang goreng Coklat Gula-gula
Hamburgers Fried chicken Potato chips Chocolate Sweets

Seorang budak lelaki suka makan makanan yang dinyatakan di atas. Adakah makanan ini merupakan gizi
yang sihat bagi budak lelaki itu? Bincangkan pendapat anda.
A boy likes to eat the food stated above. Are these food considered a healthy diet for the boy? Discuss
your opinion.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
[3 markah/3 marks]

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 (d) Seorang pelajar yang sedang belajar di luar negara memakan mi segera sebagai sarapan,
makan tengah hari dan makan malamnya secara berterusan dalam jangka masa yang panjang.
Apakah kesan terhadap kesihatan pelajar itu? Terangkan mengapa.
A student who studies overseas takes instant noodles for his breakfast, lunch and dinner continuously
for a long time. What is the effect on his health? Explain why.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
[4 markah/4 marks]

4 Salmiah ingin menyimpan sayur-sayuran hijau di dalam peti sejuk untuk satu jangka masa yang panjang. Dia
dibekalkan dengan bahan-bahan yang berikut.
Salmiah wants to keep green vegetables in a refrigerator for a long period. She is provided with the
following materials.

Beg plastik berzip Kertas tisu Sayur-sayuran hijau

Plastic bag with zip Tissue paper Green vegetable

Bagaimanakah Salmiah dapat menggunakan bahan-bahan di atas untuk membina bekas simpanan
sayur-sayuran hijau tersebut? Lakarkan bekas simpanan tersebut dan terangkan fungsi bahanbahan
tersebut.
How can Salmiah use the above materials to build a storage container of green vegetables? Sketch the
storage container and explain the functions of the materials.

Lakaran:
Sketch:

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 Penerangan:
Explanation:
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
[4 markah/4 marks]

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Jawapan

Bahagian A/Section A
1B 2D 3A 4A 5A
6B 7D 8D 9C 10 B

Bahagian B/Section B
1 (a) (i) Mulut/Mouth: Makanan dipecahkan menjadi cebisan kecil
Food is broken down to small parts
(ii) Esofagus/Oesophagus: Menghantar makanan ke perut
Sends food to the stomach
(b) Diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan dan menggantikan tisu yang rosak : Protein
Required for growth and replacing damaged tissues: Proteins
Diperlukan dalam kuantiti yang sedikit sahaja dan tidak mengandungi nilai kalori: Vitamin/Mineral
It is needed in small quantities only and it contains no calorific value:Vitamins/Mineral

Bahagian C/Section C
2 (a) X: Karbohidrat/Carbohydrate
Y: Protein/Protein
(b) Mencernakan karbohidrat, protein dan lemak dan menyerap makanan tercerna
Digests carbohydrates, proteins and fats and absorbs digested food
(c) (i) Pencernaan makanan tidak dapat berlaku.
Tenaga tidak dapat diperoleh oleh manusia untuk melakukan proses-proses hidup.
The digestion of food cannot take place. Energy cannot be obtained by humans to carry out the life
processes.
(ii) Enzim menjadi tidak aktif dan akan terurai.
The enzymes become inactive and will break down.
(d) Betik muda mengandungi enzim yang dapat menguraikan protein dalam daging.
Raw papaya contains enzymes that break down the proteins in meat.
3 (a) Seseorang mungkin mengalami obesiti dan mempunyai kolesterol tinggi dalam badan. Kumpulan
makanan ini memberi risiko yang paling tinggi untuk menghidapi penyakit jantung, tekanan darah
tinggi, strok dan kencing manis jika diambil berlebihan.
The person may suffer from obesity and have high cholesterol in the blood. This group of food provide
the highest risk of getting heart diseases, high blood pressure, stroke and diabetes if taken excessively.
(b) Kerap bersenam, kurangkan makan makanan berlemak dan karbohidrat (atau makanan bergula) dan
meningkatkan pengambilan buah-buahan dan sayursayuran
Regular exercise, reduce the consumption of fatty foods and carbohydrates (or sugary foods) and
increase consumption of fruits and vegetables
(c) Makanan ini merupakan gizi yang tidak sihat kepada budak lelaki itu kerana tidak mengandungi buah-
Buahan dan sayur-sayuran. Hamburger, ayam goreng dan kentang goreng sangat berminyak dan
mengandungi terlalu banyak lemak dan boleh menyebabkan obesiti.
Coklat dan gula-gula boleh menyebabkan kerosakan gigi dan diabetes.
The food are considered an unhealthy diet for the boy because they do not contain fruits and vegetables.
Hamburgers, fried chicken and potato chips are very oily and contain too much fat and can cause
obesity. Chocolate and sweets might cause tooth decay and diabetes.
(d) Menyebabkan malnutrisi. Makanan itu tidak mengandungi tujuh kelas makanan dalam nisbah yang betul.
Pelajar itu akan menghidapi penyakit-penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kekurangan protein, vitamin dan
mineral seperti skurvi, anemia dan goiter. Kekurangan pelawas dalam makanan akan menyebabkan
sembelit. Pertumbuhan pelajar itu akan terbantut.
Causes malnutrition. The food does not contain the seven classes of food in the correct proportion. The
student will suffer from diseases caused by the deficiency of proteins, vitamins and minerals such as
scurvy, anaemia and goitre. Lack of fibre in food will cause constipation. The growth of the student will
be stunted.

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4

Kertas tisu menyerap kelembapan pada permukaan sayursayuran hijau dan mengelakkannya daripada
mereput.Keadaan sejuk dan kedap udara di dalam peti sejuk membolehkan sayur-sayuran hijau itu disimpan
lebih lama.
The tissue paper absorbs the humidity on the surface of the green vegetable and prevents it from decaying.
The cold and airtight conditions in the refrigerator makes the green vegetable last longer.

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