BAB 2 : NUTRISI DAN TEKNOLOGI MAKANAN

Jawab semua soalan

Answer all question

1. Rajah 1 menunjukkan seorang kanak-kanak menderita daripada sejenis penyakit.

Diagram 1 shows child suffering from a disease.

Rajah 1 / Diagram 1
Antara makanan berikut, yang manakah dapat membantunya sembuh dari penyakit
tersebut?
Which of the following foods can help the child to recover from that disease?

A Epal
B Daging
C Ikan
D Mentega

2.
Antara masalah kesihatan berikut, yang manakah disebabkan oleh kekurangan kalori
makanan?
Which of the following health problems is caused by lack of food calories?

A Goiter
B Kwashiorkor
C Marasmus
D Riket

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3. Jadual 1 menunjukkan nilai kalori bagi tiga jenis makanan.
Table 1 shows the calorific value of three types of food.

MakananFood Nilai kalori / kJg-1

Calorific value / kJg-1
Nasi / Rice 13.04
Ikan goreng / Fried fish 7.35
Bayam / Spinach 0.37

Jadual 1 / Table 1

Antara berikut, pernyataan manakah yang betul ?

Which of the following statement is true ?

A Nasi mengandungi nilai kalori paling tinggi

Rice contains the highest calorific value
B Nilai kalori bayam lebih tinggi berbanding ikan goreng
Calorific value of spinach is higher than fried fish
C Nilai kalori nasi lebih rendah berbanding ikan goreng
Calorific value of rice is lower than fried fish
D Ikan goreng mengandungi nilai kalori paling rendah
Fried fish contains the lowest calorific value

4. Rajah 2 menunjukkan sejenis makanan.

Diagram 2 shows a type of food.

Rajah 2 / Diagram 2
Apakah fungsi makanan tersebut?
What is the function of the food?

I Bertindak sebagai pelawas

Acts as roughage
II Mengekalkan kesihatan badan
Maintaining body health
III Sebagai sumber tenaga
As a source of energy
IV Membina sel baharu
Builds new cells

A I sahaja
I only
B I dan II
I and II
C I, II and III
I, II and III
D I dan IV
I and IV

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5. Antara unsur berikut, yang manakah diperlukan oleh tumbuhan dalam kuantiti yang banyak ?
Which of the following element is needed by plants in large quantities?
A Boron
Boron
B Fosforus
Phosphorus
C Zink
Zinc
D Mangan
Manganese

6. Rajah 3 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji nutrien yang diperlukan bagi pertumbuhan
anak benih.
Diagram 3 shows an experiment to study the nutrients required for the growth of seedling.

Rajah 3 / Diagram 3

Mengapakah udara perlu dipam ke dalam larutan kultur Knop setiap hari? Why does air need
to be pumped into the Knop’s culture solution daily?

A Untuk merencat pertumbuhan akar

To inhibit the growth of roots
B Untuk menghalang pertumbuhan alga
To prevent the growth of algae
C Untuk menggalakkan anak benih melakukan fotosintesis
To promote the seedling to carry out photosynthesis
D Untuk membolehkan akar anak benih menjalankan respirasi
To allow seedling roots to carry out respiration

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7. Rajah 4 menunjukkan 2 jenis minuman.
Diagram 4 shows 2 types of drink..

X Y
Rajah 4 / Diagram 4

Antara kaedah berikut, yang manakah sepatutnya digunakan bagi mengekalkan rasa dan
nutrient dalam kedua-dua minuman tersebut?
Which of the following methods should be used to preserve the flavour and nutrient of the
boths drinks?
X Y
A Pendehidratan / Dehydration Penyinaran/ Irradiaion
B Penapaian / Fermentation Pempasteuran / Pasteurisation
C Pempasteuran / Pasteurisation Pendehidratan / Dehydration
D Penyinaran/ Irradiaion Penyejukbekuaan / Freezing

8. Rajah 5 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada kitar nitrogen.

Diagram 5 shows part of nitrogen cycle.

Rajah 5 / Diagram 5
Apakah proses P dan Q?
What are process P and Q?
Proses P/ Process P Proces Q / Process Q
A Pendenitritan Pengikatan nitrogen
Denitrification Nitrogen Fixation
B Penyerapan Penguraian
Absorption Decomposition
C Penitritan Pengikatan nitrogen
Nitrification Nitrogen Fixation
D Penguraian Penitritan
Decomposition Nitrification

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9. Baka buah kelapa sawit yang bermutu boleh dihasilkan melalui
Quality palm oil breeds can be produced through

A Semaian
Nurseries
B Kejuruteraan genetic
Genetic engineering
C Teknik pengklonan
Cloning techniques
D Pendebungaan dengan pokok yang sama
Pollination with the same tree

10. Rajah 6 menunjukkan suatu label bungkusan makanan.

Diagram 6 shows a food label.

Rajah 6 / Diagram 6

Maklumat yang manakah sepatutnya terdapat pada label tersebut mengikut Peraturan
Makanan 1985?
Which information should be on the label according to Food Regulation 1985?

A Harga
Price
B Tarikh luput
Expired date
C Nilai kalori
Calorific value
D Tanda halal
Halal label

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 Soalan Subjektif

1. Rajah 2 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk membandingkan nilai kalori bagi dua jenis makanan.
Diagram 2 shows an experiment to compare the calorific values of two types of food.

Rajah 2 / Diagram 2

Keputusan eksperimen direkodkan dalam Jadual 1.

The results of the experiment are recorded in Table 1.
Jenis makanan Biskut Ikan bilis
Type of food Crackers Anchovies

Jisim (g)
5 5
Mass (g)
Isi padu air suling (cm3)
100 100
Volume of distilled water (cm3)
Suhu awal air (°C)
28 28
Initial water temperature (°C)
Suhu akhir air (°C)
63 41
Final water temperature (°C)

(a) Berdasarkan Jadual 1

Base on Table 1
i. Nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini
State one observation for this experiment.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….............
……………………………………………………………………………………………….............
[1 markah / 1 mark]

ii. Nyatakan satu inferens bagi jawapan anda di 1(a)(i)

State one inference for your answer in 1(a)(i).

……………………………………………………………………………………………….............
……………………………………………………………………………………………….............
[1 markah / 1 mark]

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 (b) Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi dan cara mengawalnya.
State manipulated variable and way to control it.

………………………………………………………………………………………................
[2 markah / 2 marks]

(c) Berdasarkan Jadual 1, hitungkan nilai kalori bagi ikan bilis dengan menggunakan formula
di bawah.
Based on Table 1, calculate the calorific value of anchovies using the formulagiven below.

[1 markah / 1 mark]

Soalan Esei

2. (a) Rajah 2.1(a) dan Rajah 2.1(b) menunjukkan satu produk makanan yang dihasilkan dari
bahan mentah.
Diagram 2.1(a) and Diagram 2.1(b) shows one food products produced from raw
materials.

Rajah 2.1(a) Rajah 2.1(b)

Diagram 2.1(a) Diagram 2.1(b)

Bahan mentah ini perlu diproses menggunakan teknik pemprosesan makanan untuk
dijadikan satu produk makanan. Nyatakan dua tujuan pemprosesan makanan.
Raw material need to be process under certain processing method to produce food
product. State two purposes of food processing.
[2 markah / 2 marks]

(b) Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan lambakan sejenis buah. Peniaga tersebut risau jika buah-buah
tersebut tidak habis dijual, buah-buah ini berisiko untuk rosak selepas beberapa hari.
Diagram 6.2 shows a pile of a type of fruits. The seller is worried if the fruits will become
rotten after a fewdays if left unsold.

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 Rajah 2.2

Terangkan bagaimana untuk mengatasi masalah ini.

Explain how to overcome this problem.

[2 markah / 4 marks]

(c) Berikan kelebihan dan kelemahan menggunakan kawalan biologi dalam meningkatkan
kualiti dan kuantiti pengeluaran makanan.
Give the advantages and disadvantages of using biological control in improving the
quality and quantity of food production
[4 markah / 4 marks]

(d) Makanan yang diubahsuai secara genetik (GMF) adalah salah satu usaha yang
dijalankan untuk meningkatkan pengeluaran dan kualiti makanan. Namun, terdapat
beberapa buah negara yang tidak membenarkan makanan yang diubahsuai secara
genetik (GMF) ini dieksport ke negara mereka.
Pada pendapat anda, adakah sesuai makanan yang diubahsuai secara genetik (GMF)
terus berada dalam pasaran Malaysia? Berikan alasan untuk menyokong pendapat anda.
Genetically modified food (GMF) is one of the efforts undertaken to improve food
production and quality. However, there are some countries that do not allow genetically
modified foods (GMF) to be exported to their countries.
In your opinion, is it appropriate for genetically modified foods (GMF) to continue tobe in
the Malaysian market? Give reasons to support your opinion.

[4 markah / 4 marks]

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