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Outline
• Reaksi redoks
• Sel Galvani
• Potensial reduksi standar
• Termodinamika reaksi redoks
• Efek konsentrasi pada emf sel
• Baterai
• Korosi
• Elektrolisis
Proses Elektrokimia adalah reaksi oksidasi-reduksi:
• Energi listrik dihasilkan karena reaksi kimia yang
berlangsung spontan
• Energi listrik digunakan untuk melangsungkan reaksi kimia
yang tidak berlangsung spontan
0 0 2+ 2-
2Mg (s) + O2 (g) 2MgO (s)
• Sel Elektrolisis
– Energi listrik digunakan untuk melangsungkan
reaksi kimia yang tidak berlangsung spontan
Galvanic Cells
Anoda Katoda
Oksidasi Reduksi
Reaksi redoks
spontan
19.2
Sel Galvani
Perbedaan potensial listrik
antara anoda dan katoda
disebut:
• cell voltage
• electromotive force (emf)
• cell potential
Diagram Sel
Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Cu (s) + Zn2+ (aq)
[Cu2+] = 1 M & [Zn2+] = 1 M
Zn (s) | Zn2+ (1 M) || Cu2+ (1 M) | Cu (s)
Anoda Katoda
19.2
Potensial Reduksi Standar
Reduction Reaction
E0 = 0 V
0 = E0
Ecell - E 0
cathode anode
Ecell
0 = 0.34 V
0 = E0
Ecell 0
cathode - Eanode
Ecell
0 = E 0 2+
Cu /Cu – EH +/H2
0
0.34 = ECu
0 2+
/Cu - 0
0 2+
ECu /Cu = 0.34 V
19.3
Berapa emf standar suatu sel elektrokimia yang dibuat dari
elektroda Cd dalam larutan Cd(NO3)2 1,0 M dan elektroda
Cr dalam larutan Cr(NO3)3 1,0 M?
0 = E0
Ecell 0
cathode - Eanode
Ecell
0 = -0.40 – (-0.74)
Ecell
0 = 0.34 V
19.3
• Perkirakan apa yang terjadi jika Br2
ditambahkan ke dalam larutan yang
mengandung NaCl dan NaI pada 25oC.
Asumsikan semua spesi berada dalam
keadaan standar.
Spontaneity of Redox Reactions
ΔG = -nFEcell n = number of moles of electrons in reaction
0
J
ΔG0 = -nFEcell F = 96,500 = 96,500 C/mol
V • mol
0
ΔG0 = -RT ln K = -nFEcell
RT (8.314 J/K•mol)(298 K)
0
Ecell = ln K = ln K
nF n (96,500 J/V•mol)
0 0.0257 V
Ecell = ln K
n
0.0592 V
0
Ecell = log K
n
19.4
Spontaneity of Redox Reactions
0
ΔG0 = -RT ln K = -nFEcell
19.4
What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction
at 250C? Fe2+ (aq) + 2Ag (s) Fe (s) + 2Ag+ (aq)
0 0.0257 V
Ecell = ln K
n
E0 = -0.44 – (0.80)
E0 = -1.24 V Ecell
0 xn -1.24 V x 2
K = exp = exp
0.0257 V 0.0257 V
K = 1.23 x 10-42
19.4
The Effect of Concentration on Cell Emf
ΔG = ΔG0 + RT ln Q ΔG = -nFE ΔG0 = -nFE 0
-nFE = -nFE0 + RT ln Q
Nernst equation
RT
E = E0 - ln Q
nF
At 298
0.0257 V 0.0592 V
E =E0- ln Q E =E0- log Q
n n
19.5
Will the following reaction occur spontaneously at 250C if
[Fe2+] = 0.60 M and [Cd2+] = 0.010 M?
Fe2+ (aq) + Cd (s) Fe (s) + Cd2+ (aq)
E>0 Spontaneous
19.5
Batteries
Dry cell
Leclanché cell
Cathode: 2NH4+ (aq) + 2MnO2 (s) + 2e- Mn2O3 (s) + 2NH3 (aq) + H2O (l)
Zn (s) + 2NH4 (aq) + 2MnO2 (s) Zn2+ (aq) + 2NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) + Mn2O3 (s)
19.6
Batteries
Mercury Battery
19.6
Batteries
Lead storage
battery
Pb (s) + PbO2 (s) + 4H+ (aq) + 2SO42- (aq) 2PbSO4 (s) + 2H2O (l)
19.6
Batteries
A fuel cell is an
electrochemical cell
that requires a
continuous supply of
reactants to keep
functioning
19.7
Cathodic Protection of an Iron Storage Tank
19.7
Electrolysis is the process in which electrical energy is used
to cause a nonspontaneous chemical reaction to occur.
19.8
Electrolysis of Water
19.8
Electrolysis and Mass Changes
1 mole e- = 96,500 C
19.8
How much Ca will be produced in an electrolytic cell of
molten CaCl2 if a current of 0.452 A is passed through the
cell for 1.5 hours?
2 mole e- = 1 mole Ca
C s 1 mol e- 1 mol Ca
mol Ca = 0.452 x 1.5 hr x 3600 x x
s hr 96,500 C 2 mol e-
= 0.0126 mol Ca
= 0.50 g Ca
19.8
Chemistry In Action: Dental Filling Discomfort
2+
Hg2 /Ag2Hg3 0.85 V
2+
Sn /Ag3Sn -0.05 V
2+
Sn /Ag3Sn -0.05 V