SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS

Untuk memenuhi Ujian Akhir Mata Kuliah Systemic Functional Linguistics

Dosen Pengampu: Ria Nirwana, S.S.,M.Hum.

Disusun Oleh:
Yuanlin Pinnaeda
A1A200026

SASTRA INGGRIS
FAKULTAS SASTRA
UNIVERSITAS AL-GHIFARI
2023
 THEME IN THE SHORT STORY THE FROG PRINCE: SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL
LINGUISTICS
TEMA DALAM CERITA PENDEK PANGERAN KODOK: LINGUISTIK FUNGSIONAL
SISTEMIK
Yuanlin Pinnaeda, Ria Nirwana
Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Universitas Al-ghifari Bandung
Jl. Cisaranten Kulon no.140 Bandung/1
Korespondensi: Yuanlin Pinnaeda, E-mail: yuankayun18@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The theme serves as the starting point for the main message in a clause. From that theme, the
next related message will follow to form a discourse. The theme, as the starting point of the
message, becomes a reference for language users to convey further messages. The purpose of
this study is to find out the themes contained in the short story The Frog Prince based on
systemic functional linguistics. This research method uses qualitative methods. Because it is
based on a post-positivist philosophy that researchers use to study natural objects, not
experiments. In this study, there are themes with multiple themes which contain three themes in
them, namely; (1) interpersonal theme. (2) topical themes. (3) textual themes.
Keywords: Interpersonal theme, Topical theme, textual theme.
ABSTRAK
Tema berfungsi sebagai titik awal untuk pesan utama dalam sebuah klausa. Dari tema tersebut,
pesan terkait selanjutnya akan mengikuti untuk membentuk sebuah wacana. Tema sebagai titik
tolak pesan menjadi acuan bagi pemakai bahasa untuk menyampaikan pesan selanjutnya. Tujuan
dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tema-tema yang terkandung dalam cerpen The Frog
Prince berdasarkan linguistik fungsional sistemik. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode
kualitatif. Karena didasarkan pada filosofi post-positivis yang digunakan peneliti untuk
mempelajari objek alam, bukan eksperimen. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat tema dengan beberapa
tema yang mengandung tiga tema di dalamnya yaitu; (1) tema interpersonal. (2) tema topikal. (3)
tema tekstual. Kata kunci: Tema interpersonal, Tema topikal, Tema tekstual.

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this research is to
identify the types of themes used in the
short story "Frog Prince", analyze
thematic developments, and find out
the dominant types of themes used in
the short story "The Frog Prince".
In social life, humans need language to
interact and convey their ideas to one
another. Language functions as a tool
to express desires and ideas. Without
language, it's hard to imagine how
people could work together and
collaborate with others. Language has
two main forms, namely spoken
language and written language. Written
language usually complements certain
spoken languages.
Written languages use visual symbols
to represent the sounds spoken in that
language, but still follow syntactical
rules that affect the meaning of strings of
words. Written language can have
more value because written words are
chosen with more mature
consideration and thought. Arguments
in written form can be very
sophisticated, complex, and lengthy.
The meaning and purpose of using
language come from the social
environment, and language is
structured in such a way as to fulfill
this social function. This is reflected in
the grammar. Grammar is the main unit
of language processing, which acts as a
powerhouse where meaning is
constructed (Halliday, 1995). Language
has three main functional components
which are referred to as metafunctional
languages. The three metafunctions of
language are identified By Halliday in
Systemic Functional Linguistics,
namely
(1) ideational functions, (2)
interpersonal functions, and (3) textual
functions. The textual function is
manifested through a system of
language themes, namely language as a
message.
In English, there is the term "Theme" which refers to the "starting point" clause which means setting the cla
and An
interpersonalmeanings.
understanding of how Tema works can be combined with the benefits of pedagogy and much other Tema
research.
To understand the theme and structure
of development in short stories, the
writer must use the Systemic
Functional Linguistic Theory proposed
by Halliday as a framework for his
discussion. Systemic Functional
Linguistics (SFL) focuses on the
purpose of language and the way
language is used in oral and written
examinations, as well as the context of
its use. They hide how language is used
and its effect. Their goals include: to
reveal the various language choices
used by users in interacting and to
show how meaning is formed.
Functional grammar views language as
a source for constructing meaning, and
there are three types of meaning in
grammatical structures that can be
identified: ideational, interpersonal, and
textual. This research focuses on textual
meaning or metafunction.
This study will focus on the analysis of
the themes and rhymes in each clause
of the short story "The Frog Prince"
from the perspective of the theory of
Systemic Functional Linguistics
proposed by
Halliday. The writer chose the short
story "The Frog Prince" for analysis
because this series introduces young
readers to the charming world of
classic fairy tales, with simple but
engaging retellings. This short story
was written by the Brothers Grimm in
1857 and is traditionally considered the
first story in their collection.
PREVIOUS RESEARCH
This research was inspired by previous
research, namely "Theme Analysis of
Flora Nwapa's Never Again: A Systemic
Functional Approach" written by
Léonard A. Koussouhon and Servais D.
Y. Dadjo (2015). This research
examines enables the researcher to
find out that the novel concentrates on
the Nigerian civil war, the prevailing
collective interest (fatherland), the
limited power of women, and the roles
of women and children in our societies
especially during wartime. “Theme
Markedness in Persian and English
Medical Texts: A Systemic-functional
Approach” written by Foroogh Kazemi
(2015). This research examines
maintained that the properties of being
pro-drop and having non-fixed word
order distinguish from Persian
regarding the notion of markedness. In
fact, Theme markedness is closely
related to some factors such as specific
genre, authors'/writers' style
differences, emphasis, contrast, and
language differences. “Theme in
Translation: A Systemic Functional
Linguistic Perspective” written by Bo
Wang (2014). This study examines the
different strata of Systemic Functional
Grammar that have shed light on a
number of studies, the textual
metafunction of SFL.
THEORY
Themes are considered to play an
important role in focusing and
organizing messages and contributing
to the coherence and success of
messages. According to (Martin et al.,
1997), the choice of theme is a "textual
resource that is exploited
systematically" to create different
patterns. The theme gives a special
status to the selected part of the clause,
helps organize the message, and plays
an important role for the reader in the
success of the text from perspective. It
also helps in hiding the meaning of the
clause and the whole text as a whole. In
addition, it is generally understood that
Theme is important because of the
extension of text analysis from the
grammatical structure of individual
clauses or sentences to the unit of text as
a whole.
There are three types of Multiple
Themes in language, namely: (a)
Ideational or Topical, (b) textual, and (c)
Interpersonal. Ideational or topical
themes are divided into (1) Unsigned
Topical Themes and (2) Signed Topical
Themes. Short stories are short prose
works that reflect real life through
existing characters and situations.
Usually, short stories involve
characters who are facing a particular
conflict or crisis.
The writer must use the Systemic
Functional Linguistic Theory proposed
by Halliday as a framework for his
discussion. Systemic Functional
Linguistics (SFL) focuses on the
purpose of language and the way
language is used in oral and written
examinations, as well as the context of
its use. They hide how language is used
and its effect. Their goals include: to
reveal the various language choices
used by users in interacting and to
show how meaning is formed.
Functional grammar views language as
a source for constructing meaning, and
there are three types of meaning in
grammatical structures that can be
identified: ideational,
interpersonal, and textual. This research
focuses on textual meaning
metafunction.
or
RESEARCH METHOD
This phenomenon is taken from the
short story The Frog Prince by the
Brothers Grimm. This research was
conducted using a qualitative approach,
as stated (Sugiyono, 2009), the notion
of qualitative research is based on a
post- positivist philosophy that is used
by researchers to study natural objects,
not experiments. This research was
conducted to find out the theme of the
short story the frog prince and what
types of themes are in the short story.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The structure of the theme in the
clause is the way the clause is
structured to convey the message. In
SFL theory, theme a is the basis or
starting point in clause development,
which includes the clause level itself,
the paragraph level, and even the
broader text level such as subchapters,
chapters, and books.
The theme serves as the starting point
for the main message in a clause. From
that theme, the next related message will
follow to form a discourse. The theme,
as the starting point of the message,
becomes a reference for language users
to convey further messages. In one
clause, the meaning is the content of the
message that is the center of attention
and is related to the meaning. In other
words, the clause consists of a theme at
the beginning of the message. The theme
is not always the same as the subject in
the clause, because the theme can be in
the form of actors, non-actors, or
circumstance that surrounds the clause,
such as information about how, place, or
time. However, the subject must be the
theme in the clause. Therefore, the
theme is information that has been
previously presented as the starting
point of a clause. The placement of the
theme in each clause in a text reflects the
meaning of the textual text as a whole.
Textually, there are three types of
themes, namely topical themes,
interpersonal themes, and textual
themes. Topical themes are divided
into two, namely marked topical
themes and unmarked topical themes.
Topical unmarked themes act as
subjects in a clause. Meanwhile,
marked topical themes are determined
by identifying whether in front of the
subject, there is other information in
the form of circumstance, such as a
description of how, where, or time, so
that it becomes a marked topic. On the
other hand, interpersonal themes focus
on speakers, which can be in the form of
greeting words, mood adverbs, finite in
polarity, or question words. Finally,
textual themes emerge through the use
of conjunctions, both internal and
external, as well as continuous
discourse markers. External
conjunctions are links between clauses
in complex clauses, while internal
conjunctions connect short clauses in
one sentence.
The following themes are contained in
the story The Frog Prince:
1. Interpersonal Theme
The interpersonal theme is about the
relationship between the characters in
the story, especially between the
princess and the frog. When the frog
offers to help the princess get her golden
ball back, he asks the princess to
announce that she is living with him,
eating from his gold plate, and sleeping
in his bed. “I don't want your pearls,
jewels, and fine clothes; but if you will
love me, and let me live with you and eat
from your gold plate, and sleep in your
bed, I will bring you your ball again.”
Although at first, the princess was
reluctant, she finally agreed to the frog's
request, wanting to take back the golden
ball. It exhibits interpersonal themes of
trust, trust, and the importance of
keeping promises. Additionally, when
the prince is freed from the curse and
transforms back into a human, the
relationship between the princess and
the prince develops into a romantic one,
adding an interpersonal dimension to
the story.
2. Topical Theme
Its topical themes are those of loyalty,
promise, and the dangers of curses. This
is reflected in how the princess
promised to give whatever the frog
asked for if she helped him pick up the
golden ball that fell into the spring. "I
will do everything you ask". When the
frog took the ball, the princess did not
fulfill her promise and ran away “As
soon as the young princess saw her ball,
she ran to get it; and he was so happy to
have it again, that he never thought of
the frog, but ran home as fast as he
could.” Topical themes of loyalty,
promises kept, and occurrences of
curses form the heart of the story “The
Frog Prince.”
3. Textual Theme
Includes the continuous use of
conjunctions and discourse markers to
build storylines and connect various
events in the text.
Causality: Conjunctions and continuous
discourse markers are used to convey
cause-and-effect relationships in the
storyline. For example, when the
princess loses her golden orb, then
meets a frog, and afterward, they talk
about trading to help retrieve her golden
orb. The use of conjunctions such as
"then" and "after that" shows a causal
relationship between these events.
Conjunctions in complex clauses:
External conjunctions are used to
connect clauses within complex Theme Patterns and Linear Theme
clauses. For example, when a frog
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