CULTURAL DIVERSITY

AND
NURSING CARE

OLEH
NS. I WAYAN SUARDANA,S.Kep.

Kenapa Keperawatan lintas

budaya penting
Penting untuk penghargaan keragaman klien
baik di RS maupun kmunitas
Sebagai solusi dalam mengatasi konflik dalam
perawatan terkait budaya
Perawat lebih bijaksana dalam menangani
pasien dengan berbagai latar belakang budaya
Budaya berhubungan dg gaya hidup, kesehatan
dan praktek keperawatan
Memperluas persepektif cara fikir perawat ketika
menangani pasien.

Tujuannya
Cultural awareness
Cultural interest
Cultural sensitif
Cultural competence

Filsafat
Study and practice focused on a
comparative analysis of different cultures
and sub cultures and sub cultures in the
world with respect to cultural care, health
and illness biliefs, value and practice with
the goal of using this knowledge to provide
culture spesific and cultural-uiversal care
to people ( Leininger,1959).

Budaya yang bagaimana

Nilai, kepercayaan, norma dan praktek
dari sekelomok orang memlui proses
belajar atau sharing yang menuntun
sekelompok orang tersebut untuk berfikir,
mengambil keputusan dan bertindak
melalui suatu pola tertentu
( Leininger,1991).

Budaya sbg pandangan hidup

MATERI

Idea
Attitude
Nilai-nilai

PERILAKU

Budaya digunakan menilai

Yg tampak: pakaian, rambut perhiasan
Yg tidak tampak : nilai-nilai/cara pandang

SIFAT CULTURAL Tylor,1871)

Dipelajari dari lahir melalui proses lewat
bahasa dan sosialisasi.
Dibagi dan diyakini oleh seluruh anggota
dari kelompoknya.
Senantiasa dapat diadaptasikan dalam
situasi khusus dan faktor teknis dan
keberadaan dan sumber daya yang ada.
Bersifat dinamis
Bersifat intgratif
Bersifat simbolik dan Komparatif

Komponen budaya
(Giger 7 Davidhizar,1995)
Komunikasi : interaksi antar kelompok
Space: hubungan yg dirasa nyaman
Time : kapan dan berapa lama waktu yg tepat
Environment control :hub manusia dg
lingkungan
Biological variation :karakteristik fisik
Social organization : etnis, akulturasi, batasan
kelompok.

KOMPONEN-KOMPONEN BUDAYA YG HARUS

DIPERHATIKAN DALAM PERAWATAN

Value and Norm

Family
Socioeconomic ( Education, Distribution of
resources)
Cultural & Nutrition (Diet, religion and diet)
Religion & Cultures ( Religion, Spirituality)
Cross Cultural Communication ( Nurse client
relationship, Space, diastance, intimacy,
Coomunication Barrier, Norverbal
Communication, Touch, Gender, Language).

Enculturation
Acculturation
Assimilation
Biculturalism

Culture Birth
Processes

11

Enculturation
socialization into ones primary culture as a
child- this is what occurs within the family
in which you are born and or reared

12

Acculturation
adapting to and adopting a new culture (a
culture meshing), taking on a new culture,

13

Assimilation
giving up ones ethnic identity for a more
dominant culture (a culture
metamorphosis),

14

Biculturalism
identification with two different cultures

15

HEALTH RELATED BILIEFS & PRACTICE

1. Health Meaning & Culture

2. Defining Illness
3. Cause of illness ( biomedical, naturalistic,

magicoreligious).
4. Culture & Healing
5. Folk Healer

MODEL SUN RISE HUBUNGAN CULTURE DENGAN

KEPERAWATAN
Cultural & Social Structure Dimensions

Cultural Value &

Lifeways
Political & Legal Factors

Kinship & Social Factors

Religious & Philosophical
factors

Environment
Context Language
& Etno history

Technological faktors

Economic Factors
Educational Factors

Influences
Care Expression,
Pattern & Practices
Generic Folk
System

Nursingn Care
NURSING CARE
DECISION/ACTION

Professional
System

Health Disparity Prevention

Cultural competence
an acquisition of the components
discussed in order to delivery culturally
congruent care. Incorporating the
individuals culture in the care delivered to
that individual

AwarenessKnowledgeSkillsEncounters
Desires

18

Cultural awareness
examination of ones own background,
recognizing biases, prejudices, and
assumptions about other people

19

Cultural knowledge
learning about others culture: health
beliefs, care practices, etc

20

Cultural skills
with an assessment of social, cultural, and
biophysical factors that influence the
treatment and care of various clientsDoes the nurse know where to apply the
scrap of brown paper bag on the baby to
reduce the hiccups?

21

Cultural encounters
engaging in activities with other cultures
that offers a learning opportunity

22

Syarat penguasaan trancultural

Know yourself
Keep and open mind
Respect difereence among people
Be willing to learn
Learn to communicate effectively
Do not judge
Be resourceful and creative

FENOMENA YANG DITEMUKAN DALAM

PENERAPAN TRANCULTURE
Perspectif biliefs
Restrictive biliefs
Taboos

Contoh ibu hamil

PERSPECTIVE

RESTRICTIVE BILIEFS

TABOOS

Harus aktif saat hamil

agar bayi sehat

Jangan melakukan
Ibu hamil tidak boleh
hubungan sexual selama menengok orang
hamil
meninggal nanti bayi
dalam kandungannya
meninggal

Mandi yang bersih dan

mencuci rambut tiap hari
agar bayi sehat

Jangan makan cumicumi nanti susah

melahirkan

Jangan duduk di pintu

keluar masuk rumah
nanti keguguran

TUGAS
BUATLAH 8 KELOMPOK LALU
IDENTIFIKASI FENOMENA
TRANCULTURAL YANG SAUDARA
TEMUKAN LALU KLASIFIKASIKAN
MENJADI PERSPECTIVE,
RESTRICTIVE DAN TABU