English 1

Language Function in
Conversation

3rd Semester
Department of D IV Nursing
State Polytechnic of Magelang
2016
Communication in Nursing
Practice
Introduction

Nursing as a health care science, focuses on serving the needs of human as a

biopsychosocial and spiritual being. Its practice requires not only
scientific knowledge, but also interpersonal, intellectual and technical
abilities and skills.
(Keperawatan sebagai ilmu kesehatan, berfokus pada melayani kebutuhan
manusia sebagai makhluk biopsikososial dan spiritual. praktiknya tidak
hanya memerlukan pengetahuan ilmiah, tetapi juga interpersonal,
kemampuan dan keterampilan intelektual dan teknis)

This means a composition of knowledge, clinical work and interpersonal

communication.
(Ini berarti komposisi pengetahuan, kerja klinis dan komunikasi
interpersonal)
Good communication between nurses and patients is essential for the
successful outcome of individualized nursing care of each patient
(komunikasi yang baik antara perawat dan pasien sangat penting
untuk hasil yang optimal bagi perawatan individual masing-masing
pasien)

To achieve this, however, nurses must understand and help their patients,
demonstrating courtesy, kindness and sincerity.
(Untuk mencapai hal ini, bagaimanapun juga, perawat harus
memahami dan membantu pasien mereka, menunjukkan kesopanan,
kebaikan dan ketulusan)

Communication is a vital element in Nursing in all areas of activity and in

all its interventions such as prevention, treatment, therapy,
rehabilitation, education and health promotion
(Komunikasi adalah elemen penting dalam Keperawatan di semua
kegiatan dan dalam semua intervensinya, seperti pencegahan,
pengobatan/perawatan, terapi, rehabilitasi, pendidikan dan promosi
kesehatan )
Effective communication requires an understanding of the patient and
the experiences they express. It requires skills and simultaneously
the sincere intention of the nurse to understand what concerns the
patient.
(komunikasi yang efektif membutuhkan pemahaman pada pasien
dan pengalaman yang mereka ungkapkan. Hal ini membutuhkan
keterampilan dan sekaligus niat tulus dari perawat untuk
memahami apa yang menyangkut pasien. )

In order for the nurses to be successful in their work they have to

study communication and interpersonal relations in their education.
(Agar perawat untuk menjadi sukses dalam pekerjaan mereka
mereka harus belajar komunikasi dan hubungan interpersonal
dalam pendidikan mereka)
What is language function/functional language?

A language function is the purpose of speaking the sentence or

phrase.
For example, Im sorry represents the function of apologizing and,
Good Morning! represents the function of greeting.

"Functional language" is language that we use to perform

various "functions" such as giving advice or apologizing.

Functional language typically uses fixed expressions for each

function,
for example "if I were you" or "my suggestion is" in giving advice,
and "it was my fault" or "please forgive me" in apologizing.
Index of Language Functions

1. Talking about personal habits

2. Expressing likes and dislikes
3. Expressing reasons for likes and dislikes
4. Expressing a preference
5.Comparing
6. Talking about recent changes
7. Contrasting
8. Suggesting/giving advice
9. Expressing opinions
10. Asking for Opinions
11. Giving reason for opinions
12.Explaining
13. Offering (help, service,..)
14. Speculating (Guessing When You Dont Know)
15 . Speculating (Guessing About the Future)
Continued

16. expressing plans, intentions, and hopes for the future

17.Clarifying
18. Explaining a word when you have forgotten (or dont know the
word
19. Speaking in General
20. Agreeing
21. Disagreeing
22. Giving bad news
23. Apologizing
24 Expressing request, etc
In brief, the language functions should be
learnt in English 1, are:

Offering service (menawarkan pelayanan/bantuan)

Explaining (menjelaskan)
Describing (menggambarkan)
Convincing (meyakinkan)
Persuading (membujuk/mengajak)
Consoling/Soothing (menghibur/menenangkan)
Apologizing (meminta maaf)
Requesting/ordering (memohonkan/memesankan)
Encouraging/motivating (membesarkan hati)
Praising (memuji)
1. Offering service
Offering help adalah suatu ungkapan yang digunakan untuk menawarkan sebuah
pertolongan kepada orang lain.

Contoh Ungkapan Expressing Offering Help:

Can/may I help you? (bisakah saya membantumu?)
What can I do for you? (apa yang bisa saya bantu untukmu?)
Do you want me to join us? (apakah kamu mengajakku untuk bergabung?)
Would you like me to .(maukah kamu jika aku?)
Let me (biarkan aku)
Ill . if you d like (saya akanjika anda menginginkan)
Ill be happy to .. if you d like (aku akan senangjika anda menginginkan)
Id be glad to . if you d like (aku akan bahagiajika anda menginginkan )
Shall I .? (bisakah saya)
Would you like me to..? (apakah anda ingin saya untuk?)
Would you like ..? (bersediakah anda)
How may I help you? , Do you need some help? ,
Are you looking for something? , Would you like some help? ,
Shall I? , Can I give you a hand?, Shall I get you something to read? ,
Do you want something to eat?
Basic Sentences Expression of Offering Help
(Menawarkan Bantuan)

Dari sekian banyak ungkapan expressing offering help, beberapa

di antaranya memiliki tingkat atau kadar kesopanan yang
berbeda.

Menawarkan sesuatu dengan sopan (formal)

-Would you like some cake? Would you like a glass of milk?

Menawarkan sesuatu biasanya dengan orang sudah dikenal, tidak

terlalu sopan
-Do you want a cup of tea?
Continued
Menawarkan sesuatu (informal)
Have some coffee? Have some cake? Some sandwinch?

Menawarkan sesuatu (formal), biasa dilakukan orang Inggris

Fancy a drink? Sama dengan Do you want a drink?

Menawarkan sesuatu kepada seseorang yang belum tahu apa maunya

Can I get you something? Can I get you anything?

Jika Anda ingin orang lain mendapatkan apa yang dia butuhkan, dapat menggunakan
Thats milk. Help yourself
Help yourself to some milk
Shall I help yourself to some milk? (Sambil menawarkan)

Anda sudah yakin apa yang orang lain mau (informal)

Let me get you some milk

Jika belum terlalu yakin (informal)

Do you want me to bring you a glass of milk?
Should I get you some snack?
I will get you a cup of coffee if you want
Can I get you some drink?
2. Explaining
Basically, "explain" means to give an answer to a "Why?" or "How?"
question that is rather complex.
We answer an "explain" question by speaking in some detail.

In medical care, for example :

Nurses help patients learn about their health, medications, treatments,
and procedures as well as deal with challenges they may face during
and after their illness.
(perawat membantu pasien belajar tentang kesehatan mereka, obat,
perawatan, dan prosedur serta kesepakatan dengan tantangan
yang mereka hadapi selama dan setelah penyakit mereka).
Patients often have questions and might be confused about all that is
happening to them
(Pasien sering memiliki pertanyaan dan mungkin bingung tentang
semua yang terjadi kepada mereka.)
The nurse may also need to instruct family members about how
they can help a patient.
(perawat juga mungkin perlu untuk menginstruksikan anggota
keluarga tentang bagaimana mereka dapat membantu pasien.)

In addition, discharge instructions, or instructions about what to

do once they are not in a hospital setting, are important so that a
patient can easily care for themselves at home

(Selain itu, debit petunjuk, atau instruksi tentang apa yang

harus dilakukan setelah mereka tidak di rumah sakit,
penting untuk dijelaskan sehingga pasien dapat dengan mudah
merawat diri mereka sendiri di rumah)
Example question that need explanation :

Why are many older people reluctant to learn computer skills?

Jawaban bisa diawali dengan:

The reason why ... is because / is that ...

The main reason why ... is because / is that ...
One reason why ... is because / is that ...
One possible explanation (for that) is ...
To understand why ....., you first need to ..... (understand, know, be aware that)
Well, it's like this: ....
You could look at it this way: ...

In the first three examples above, you can qualify the verb, "is" by saying, "certainly is",
"definitely is" or "surely is".

If you don't know and are guessing the explanation for something, then your answer
belongs to the Speculating language function, below.

In this case, you could qualify the, "is" from examples 1 to 3 by saying, "possibly is",
"probably is", "might be", "may be", or "could be".