SATUAN PROSES
FLAVOR
(PERISA)
Taste
Food Flavor
Odor
Pada dasarnya lidah hanya mampu mengecap (taste)
empat jenis rasa: yaitu pahit, asam, asin dan manis.
Pahit pahit dan manis berasal dari kelompok yang sama, dengan
perbedaan tergantung pada stereokimia molekul stimulus
Contoh : -Asam amino D-isomer manis, L-isomer pahit
-Sakarin manis, tapi terlalu banyak menyebabkan rasa
pahit
-Fenil tiokarbamida, Kreatin
-Alkaloid quinone, kafein, teobromin
Asin rasa asin klasik : NaCl dan LiCl
Alternatif : garam K dan ammonium
Nonvolatile Precursor
Linoleic- Thioglucosino- Cystein- Methyl-
Linolenic acid late Sulfoxides methionine
(C-S)
Precursor-splitting Enzyme
Lipoxygenase Thioglucosi- C-S-lyase None
dase (heating)
*Maillard Browning :
Reaction between carbonyls (reducing sugars) and amines
(amino acids/proteins) melanoidin & pyrazine (largest
contribution to flavor of chocolate)
Bawang Putih
allinase Diallyl thio-
S-(2-propenil)-L-Sistein sulphinate
Sulfoksida =Alliin (Allicin)
(prekursor, tidak berbau)
When fresh garlic is chopped or crushed, the enzyme
allinase converts alliin into allicin which is primarily
responsible for the aroma of fresh garlic.
Allicin :
provides flavor, pungency and bioactive.
help prevent heart disease (including atherosclerosis,
high cholesterol, and high blood pressure) and cancer
*Pembentukan aroma pada Bawang Putih
O NH2 O
+H2O-2NH3
2 H2C=CH-CH2-S-CH2-CH-COOH H2C=CH-CH2-S-S-CH2-CH=CH2
-2H3C-CO-COOH
Diallyl thiosulphinate
S-Allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (Alliinase
) (Allicin)
(Aliin: prekursor tdk berbau)
H2C=CH-CH2-S-S-CH2-CH=CH2 H3C-S-S-CH2-CH=CH2
Diallyl disulphide Methylallyl disulphide
Other products
Selama penyangraian :
Karbohidrat (gula) karamelisasi
Asam amino pirolisis
Tanin bahan fenolik volatil
Tambahan Info
During roasting :
aromatic oils, acids, and caffeine weaken, changing
the flavor
at 205C, other oils start to develop. One of
these aromatic oil is caffeol, created at about 200C,
which is largely responsible for coffee's aroma &
flavor.
Teh
Tea contains :
- Theanine
- the stimulant caffeine,
- small amounts of theobromine, theophylline and
fluoride
Tambahan Info
Tea Processing
- Leaves of Camellia sinensis soon begin to wilt and
oxidize if not dried quickly after picking.
- The leaves turn progressively darker as their
chlorophyll breaks down and tannins are released. This
process, enzymatic oxidation, is called fermentation
in the tea industry, although it is not a true fermentation:
it is not caused by microorganisms, and is not an
anaerobic process.
Step 1: cocoa
beans
Step 3: cocoa
powder
Step 4: plain
chocolate
Flavor Daging
Thiazole flavor daging rebus
2-metil-3-furantiol flavor daging bakar
http://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/meat/INT-what-makes-flavor.html
Ingredients of Flavouring
Flavouring consist of :
1. Flavouring ingredients :
Flavouring substances
natural, natur-identical,
artificial
2. Non-flavouring ingredients :
Flavor adjunct, flavor enhancer
1. Flavouring Ingredients
Flavouring Substances are defined chemical
component with flavouring properties, not
intended to be consumed as such and
categorized as :
Vanillin
www.fantastic-flavour.com/natural_vanilla
Artificial Flavouring Substances :
Example
Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde):
starting material is guaiacol
Vanillin
www.fantastic-flavour.com/natural_vanilla
2. Non Flavouring Ingredient :
Flavour adjunct :
food additives and food ingredients necessary for
the production, storage and application of flavouring
as far as they are non-functional in the finished food
Example :
Solvent : water, glycerol, triacetine, ethanol, propylene glycol (PG),
vegetable oil, triethyl citrate, benzyl alcohol
Carrier : modified starch (maltodextrine), lactose, gelatin
Emulsifier/stabilizer : mono/diglycerides, gelatine
Colorant
Processing aids (enzyme) : microbial or animal derived
Flavour enhancer :
substance with little or no odour at the
level used, the primary purpose of which is
to increase the flavour effect of certain food
components well beyond any flavour
contributed directly by the substance itself
Example :
- MSG
- Ribotide (I+G)
- Sugar, salt & vinegar
Example of Vegetable Based Material :
Fatty acids
Amino acids (e.g. cysteine, cystine (can be from
human hair/feather) & phenylalanine )
ikan paus
Animal secretion :
1. Flavor natural/alami
2. Flavor Natural identical (diolah dari bahan alami
untuk menghasilkan flavor sintetis).
3. Flavor Artifisial/Sintetis (buatan)
Contoh
Lemon citral
Mushroom 1-octen-3-ol
Peach Gamma undecalactone
Peanut 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine
Peppermint Menthol
Seafood pyridine
Piperidine
Trimethyl amine
Smoke Guaiacol
2,6-dimethoxyphenol
Strawberry Ethyl methylphenylglycidate
Ethyl maltol
Tomat Isobutyl thiazole
Vanilla vanillin
Diluent = flavor solvent
Pre-Treatment
(Sortasi, Pencucian, Pembersihan,
Pengecilan ukuran, dll)
Flavor
www.pall.com/FoodandBev_3658.asp
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