EvidenceManajemen
Kelompok •Standar Based Medicine
RS
“Safety is a
•MUTU fundamental principle
of patient care and a
•PATIENT
critical component of
3 Pondasi
SAFETY Quality Management.”
Asuhan pasien
Asuhan Medis • EBM (World Alliance for Patient
•
• Asuhan Keperawatan
ETIK Safety, Forward Programme,
• Asuhan Obat
• Evidence Based Medicine
71
• Evidence Based Medicine
(Nico A Lumenta & Adib A Yahya, 2012)
• Value Based Medicine
Standar SAK
Standar I: Pengkajian
• Mutu keperawatan
dipertanggungjawabkan secara
profesional
aktual
Potensial
• S : Spesifik
• M : Measurable (bisa diukur)
• A : Achievement
• R : Rationable
• T : Timing
Rencana Tindakan
Nursing Care
•Based on knowledge
•Based on evidence
Standardized
Nursing
Language Nursing Process
NANDA
NOC Individuals, Families, and Communities
NIC
STANDARISASI
ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN
DIAGNOSA NANDA
EVALUASI SOAP
PRINSIP diagnosa ∞ pengkajian
Axis 5 Axis 6
Axis 4
Age Time
Location
(Infant, Preschool Child, (Acute, Intermittent,
(GI, Oral, Skin, etc.) (p.97,
Adolescent, Adult, etc.) Chronic, Continuous)
100)
(p.100) (p.100)
Axis 7
Status of the diagnosis
(problem-focused, Health
Promotion, Risk,
Required Wellness) (p.100-101) Optional
Klasifikasi DX Kep
DOMAIN
KELAS
KONSEP DIAGNOSTIK
DIAGNOSIS KEPERAWATAN
p.58-
59
p.58-
59
CONTOH KASUS
• Data pengkajian : Seorang wanita, 72 tahun mengeluh
NYERI luka di kaki. ± 6 tahun yang lalu pasien
menderita penyakit DM.Telapak kaki kena paku ± 8 hari
yang lalu, terdapat nanah dan bengkak.Nyeri telapak
kaki semakin nyeri jika kaki digelantungkan. Nyeri
dirasa panas, senut-senut seperti disedot, bercampur
dengan perih seperti teriris (Q). Nyeri dirasakan di
telapak kaki yang terdapat luka gangrene (R). nyeri
dirasakan skala 7 (S). Nyeri dirasakan terus menerus
(T).
1 st step :
Lihat domain, kelas
dan diagnosis
(p.69-87)
Domain : 12 (kenyamanan)
Kelas : 1 (fisik)
2nd step
:
Semua diagnosis di kelas
tersebut (p.86)
SPESIFIK ke batasan KARAKTERISTIK
Deteksi DetaiL
3rd step :
•Lihat axis
• Axis 1 : nyeri
• Axis 2 : individu
• Axis 3 : -
• Axis 4 : ekstremitas (kaki)
• Axis 5 : lansia (72 tahun)
• Axis 6 : akut
• Axis 7 : aktual
2 nd step :
Lihat DEFINISI dan batasan
karakteristik
Lihat data pengkajian; obyektif dan
subyektif
DATA ETIOLOGI Masalah
keperawatan
DS : Agen cedera (fisik) Nyeri akut
-Ny. J mengeluh nyeri luka di kaki.
- ± 8 hari yang lalu telapak kaki kena
paku, sudah diperiksakan ke dokter
dan diberi obat tetapi sampai obat
habis belum sembuh, bahkan
dirasakan semakin berat. Terdapat
nanah, dan bertambah nyeri nyeri
serta demam.
-- Nyeri dirasa panas, senut-senut
seperti disedot, bercampur dengan
perih seperti teriris (Q).
-- Nyeri dirasakan di telapak kaki
yang terdapat luka gangrene (R).
-nyeri dirasakan skala 7 (S).
- Nyeri dirasakan terus menerus (T).
DO :
-- terdapat luka gangrene (R).
Penulisan Diagnosa :
Nyeri Akut berhubungan dengan agen
cedera (fisik)
Made a priority
• Base on basic human need : individu,
family, community
• Base on Maslow
Diagnostic Difficulties
• Significant overlap of cues (Defining
Characteristics) to diagnoses
• Contextual factors such as culture can
change the perspective on diagnosis
• Many studies have verified that
interpretations of clinical cases have the
potential to be less accurate than
indicated by the data
(Lunney, 2007).
NOC
• The nursing outcomes classification
(NOC) is a classification of nurse
sensitive outcomes
• NOC outcomes and indicators “allow
for measurement of the patient, family,
or community outcome at any point on
a continuum from most negative to
most positive and at different points in
time.” ( Iowa Outcome Project, 2008)
Components
• A neutral label or name used to
characterize the behavior or patient
status
• A list of indicators that describe client
behavior or patient status.
• A five point scale to rate the patient‘s
status for each of the indicators
NANDA/NOC Linkage
• Each nursing Diagnosis is followed by a
list of suggested outcomes to measure
whether the chosen interventions are
helping the identified problem
• Each outcome can be individualized to
the patient or family by choosing the
appropriate indicators or adding
additional indicators as necessary
OUTCOME
LABEL NOC
+
CLIENT OUTCOMES (KH)
Perencanaan
• Spesifik
• Measurable
• Achievment
• Rasionable
•Timing
Scale
• Extremely compromised 1
• Substantially compromised 2
• Moderately compromised 3
• Mildly compromised 4
• Not compromised 5
_______________________________________
• Severe 1
• Substantial 2
• Moderate 3
• Mild 4
• None 5
NIC
• “The nursing interventions classification
(NIC) is a comprehensive, standardized
language describing treatments that
nurses perform in all settings and in all
specialties.” (Iowa Intervention Project,
2008)
Components
• Name or label
• A definition
• A set of activities the nurse does to
carry out the intervention
INTERVENSI
1. .skala nyeri 1
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. Dst
IMPLEMENTASI
EVALUASI
CONTOH EVALUASI
NARASI
• Tanggal 30/8/2017
• S:”nyeri saya sedikit berkurang”
• O:
– Skala nyeri 3
– Heart rate 120 kali/menit
– Respirasi rate 28 kali/menit
– dst