)
(Review Taktik Berbasis Agens Biologi)
WEBINAR Pemanfaatan Feromon dan Agens Biologi Untuk Pengendalian OPT Kakao
KERJASAMA PEI KOMISARIAT SULAWESI SELATAN
UNHAS, DAN PT.RUMAH BIO INDONESIA
Rabu, 25 November 2020
Alam Anshary
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS TADULAKO
ARTI PENTING……Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Biji Kakao
Bahan ekspor…Penghasil
Devisa
Bahan makanan/minuman
:Kandungan Nutrisi baik untuk
Kesehatan
Bahan Baku Komestik
https://cocoainfo.wordpress.com/cocoa-indonesia/sejarah-kakao-di-indonesia/
Nilai Gizi Biji Kakao
https://www.slideshare.net/ApacheKarthi1/processing-of-cocoa-62041159
SAAT INI….., PENGEMBANGAAN BUDIDAYA KAKAO
TERDAPAT HAL YANG KURANG MENGUNTUNGKAN
Rendahanya produktivitas
tanaman, hanya 0,8 ton/ha.
Produksi Kakao Menurun, Indonesia Tak
Lagi Masuk 3 Negara Produsen Kakao
Terbesar Dunia, sejak 2017.
Tahun 2019, kontribusi biji kakao
lokal hanya 45,6 persen atau 196.787
ton terhadap industri pengolahan
kakao nasional.
Imbasnya, pabrikan kakao domestik
mengimpor biji kakao sekitar 234.000 ton
untuk memenuhi 54 persen kapasitas
http://ceritaku-hari-ini.student.umm.ac.id/2019/08/20/begini- produksi.
cara-mengatasi-organisme-pengganggu-tumbuhan/
https://www.merdeka.com/uang/produksi-menurun-indonesia-tak-lagi-masuk-3-negara-produsen-kakao-
terbesar-dunia.html
PENYEBAB………….
PRODUKSI DAN KUALITAS BIJI KAKAO NASIONAL MENURUN
Penerapan teknologi budidaya
1. PRODUKTIVITAS belum maksimal
Gangguan OPT: PBK, PBBK, VSD
(0,8 ton/ha/thn)
(kehilangan hasil rata-rata 44,9%).
Umur tanaman kakao relatif sudah
tua (mulai ditanam thn. 1980-an.
(umur tanaman 40 tahun).
2. KUALITAS
Degradasi Lahan.
(jmlh biji/100g, Terbatasnya ketersediaan bahan
tanpa fermentasi) tanam (benih/bibit) unggul
Produksi Kakao di Indonesia (2003-2017)
240
ton
https://www.mongabay.co.id/2017/11/24/cegah-kepunahan-kakao-dibangun-pusat-penelitian-di-pangkep /
Production of Cocoa Beans in the World
Africa
total
3.494.000 t
Caribean and South Asia and Oceania
America total
total 319.000 t
835.000 t
termasuk Hama
penting kakao di
Asia Tenggara dan
Oseania,
https://www.slideshare.net/kakaokonek/kk-day-2-am-2nd-speaker-dr-romy-cena https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/7017
PBK Merusak Plasenta dan Biji Kakao
Placenta
Control of Cocoa pod borer using insecticides Pest management in organic cacao
and Cocoa black ants, Saripah Bakar, 2014 (Babin, 2018)
Control of the cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha Efficacy of pod sleeving in management of
cramerella) with Lambdacyhalothrin, Ngim, CK. 1990. Cocoa pod borer (Saripah, 2000)
Adult resting sites as a target for chemical control of the Applications of Biological Agents and Pruning
cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (Lepidoptera: Effectively Control Cocoa Pod Borer , Anshary
Gracillariidae), in Malaysia, Day, 1985 et.al. 2017
Evaluation of Sex Pheromone as an IPM Tool for Cocoa Control of Cocoa Pod Borer and Phytophthora Pod Rot
Pod Borer Pest Management, Zhang et.al., 2008 Using Degradable Plastic Pod Sleeves and A Nematode,
Activity Evaluation of Cocoa Pod Borer Sex Steinernema carpocapsae, Ade Rosmana et. al. 2010.
Pheromone in Cacao Fields, Zhang et.al.2008 Imago C.
Experience with Cocoa Pod Borer Pheromone in cramerella Trials on control of the cocoa pod borer Conopomorpha
cramerella (Snellen) in Sabah by regular complete
South East Asia, David Hall
harvesting, Wood, 1992
Detection of Cocoa Pod Borer Infestation
Using Sex Pheromone Trap and its Control
by Pod Wrapping, Rahmawaty et.al. 2017 Biotechnology for cocoa pod borer
resistance in cocoa, Chaidamsari, 2005
Development of kairomone based control
programs for cocoa pod borer , Peter, 2013
Hal yang Menarik…. Sex Pheromone
Communication chemicals (semiochemicals) may function between individuals of the
same species (pheromones) or between different species (allelochemicals).
http://www.entomologa.ru/outline/67.htm
https://www.iobc-
wprs.org/pub/biological_control_against_diseases_
and_pests_2011.pdf
https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/natural-enemies/biological-control-of-invertebrate-and-vertebrate-
pests/EC23A1C22D3CA0006CFD272EBBE6DA8F
History….PENGENDALIAN BIOLOGI
Dua BUKTI EMPIRIK
https://www.raipon.jp/hachi/?p=167
Dalam Dokumen skillmav.wixsite.com
Beberapa Parasitoids of Cocoa Pod Borer
https://skillmav.wixsite.com/cocoapest/control-methods-1
Dalam Dokumen skillmav.wixsite.com
Dilaporkan Beberapa Pathogens of Cocoa Pod Borer
https://skillmav.wixsite.com/cocoapest/control-methods-1
Natural Enemy of Cocoa Pod Borer (CABI, 2019)
Strategies for Controlling Cocoa Pod Borer,
Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen, on Cocoa Farmers in
Langkat District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Tahun 2019.
Ahmad Saleh1*, Armaniar2, Abu Hassan Ahmad3
International Conference and the 10th Congress of the Entomological Society of Indonesia
(ICCESI, 2019)
Ahmad et al. 2019.
Biological Control of Cocoa Pod Borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snell) Using Egg Parasitoids of
Trichogrammatoidea bactrae fumata in East Java
Dwi Suci Rahayu1*) and Endang Sulistyowati1)
Pelita Perkebunan 34 (1) 2018, 50—58 Rahayu & Sulistyowati . ISSN: 0215-0212 / e-ISSN: 2406-9574
The second factor was the parasitoid release intervals consisting of two levels i.e. 2
weeks (B1) and 4 weeks (B2); so that it was obtained some treatment combinations
namely A1B1; A1B2; A2B1; A2B2; A3B1; A3B2.
YIELD LOSS BEFORE AND AFTER parasitoids RELEASE Parasitization level Tbf on CPB Eggs after three month
Fig. 2(a-d): Insect bait method (a) C. cramerella pupa under soil, (b) Pupa infected by B.
bassiana on soil, (c) B. bassiana colony and (d) C. cramerella pupa infected by B. bassiana
Anshary, et al., 2017
Fig. 1: Percentage of bean damaged.
Data are mean (n = 10+SD).
The number followed by the same letter in the same column are
not significantly different
https://docuri.com/download/integrated-pest-management-for-
cacao_59c1d463f581710b2865aee4_pdf
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-18266-7_8
Sekian
Terima Kasih