Pelatnas-2 Fisbin
Pelatnas-2 Fisbin
• BINTANG VARIABEL
• PULSASI BINTANG
• INTERACTING BINARY STARS
BINTANG VARIABEL
• Brief explanation: Evolusi Bintang
• Definisi
• Klasifikasi
• Bintang Berpulsasi
• Hubungan Periode – Luminositas
• Soal latihan
Stellar Evolution
Evolusi
bintang
bergantung
pada massa
bintang
Evolusi bintang untuk berbagai massa di diagram HR
BINTANG VARIABEL
Tidak semua bintang yang kita amati memiliki kecerlangan
permukaan yang tetap.
Bintang yang berubah-ubah cahayanya ini disebut sebagai
bintang variabel.
Perubahan kecerlangan: sampai puluhan magnitudo, periode
detik sampai tahunan
Lapisan Luar
Bintang Pusat Bintang
• DENYUTAN TERDAPAT DALAM DAERAH TERTENTU DI
DIAGRAM HR, YANG DISEBUT JALUR KETIDAKMANTAPAN
CEPHEID.
4
3 6
2
1
3 15 M
log L/L
2 4 Jalur ketidakmantapan
3 6
1
2
5
(Instability strip)
5 M
1
log Te
BINTANG VARIABEL PERIODIK
• VARIABEL CHEPEID; DIAMBIL DARI DARI NAMA BINTANG TIPIKAL YANG
PERTAMA KALI DITEMUKAN, YAKNI DELTA CHEPEID.
Perubahan kuat cahaya melalui mekanisme “denyutan” dengan periode 1 – 50 hari.
Pada saat terangnya mencapai maksimum dan minimum, kelas spektrum bintang
berubah.
Contoh: Bintang Polaris, terangnya berubah sebesar 0,1 magnitudo dalam
waktu ~ 4 hari,
Terang maksimum: kelas spektrum antara F & G,
Terang minimum: kelas spektrum K
Terdapat hubungan luminositas & periode perubahan kuat cahaya:
“Makin besar luminositas, periode pulsasi makin panjang”
Hubungan periode –
luminositas:
“makin terang suatu Cepheid, makin besar
periode perubahan kuat cahayanya”
-6
e I
Tip
-4 e id II
e ph e
C Tip
e id
ph
Mv
Ce
-2
-4
Mv
RR Lyra
-2
Periode
= intensitas rata-rata
Π=periode
pulsasi ( dalam hari )
1. Visual binary
2. Astrometric binary
3. Spectroscopic binary
4. Eclipsing binary
Visual Binary
Visual Binary
A double star system where you can see both
stars and they appear to move around each
other (Herschel 1802)
> 0.2 arcsec
70 Ophiuchi
Kruegar 60
Over the
course of 87.7
years, the star
makes one full
orbit.
Test:
Stellar evolution
Interacting Binary Stars
Binary systems in which some significant interaction other than
simple inverse square law gravitational attraction between point
masses takes place.
The interaction may be radiative, as in the heating of the face of
one component by a hot companion, or it may be tidal, distorting
both components through the combination of gravitational and
centrifugal effects.
Mass Transfer
Two possible mechanisms :
1. Stellar wind accretion: if one component ejects mass in a stellar
wind and a part of that material is gravitational captured by the
nearby companion,
2. Roche-lobe overflow: if the binary orbit is sufficiently close,
matter from the outer layers of one star can flow directly to the
companion
Stellar winds from low mass and/or late type stars are not usually
strong and mass transfer occurs mainly through Roche-lobe overflow
Roche Model
Roche Model
Close to each object, the potential is dominated by the gravitational
potential of the star, thus the surfaces are almost spherical.
As one moves farther from a stellar centre, two effects start to
become important:
the tidal effect, which causes an elongation in the direction of the
companion
and flattening due to the centrifugal force.
Consequently the surfaces are distorted in a way that their largest
dimension is along the line of centers.
The innermost equipotential surface which encloses both stars
defines critical “Roche lobe” of each star.
Roche-lobe Overflow
The Roche lobe is the region of space around a star in a binary system
within which orbiting material is gravitationally bound to the star
Inner Lagrangian point L1 is the location where a particle, corotating
with the binary, feels no net force - gravity from the two stars plus
centrifugal force cancel
If one star fills its Roche lobe, gas can
freely escape from the surface through
L1 and will be captured by the other
star
L1 – Inner Lagrange Point
matter can flow freely from one
star to other
L2 – on opposite side of secondary
matter can most easily leave
system
L3 - on opposite side of primary
L4, L5 – in lobes perpendicular to line
joining binary
form equilateral triangles with
centers of two stars
Mass Transfer in Binary Systems
Detached: neither star fills its Roche
lobe, both are roughly spherical.
Semi-detached: one star fills its Roche
lobe, and is highly distorted. Mass
flows onto the other star in the binary.
Contact: both stars fill their Roche
lobes - touch at the L1 point.
1 3
4
2
Corotating coordinates for a binary star system
Total potential energy = gravitational potential
energy + centrifugal potential energy
=− 𝐺 𝑀𝑚 =− 1
𝑈 𝑔 𝑈 𝑐 𝑚 𝜔2 𝑟 2
𝑟 2
𝑟 1 +𝑟 2=𝑎 𝑀
1 𝑟 1 =𝑀 2 𝑟 2
𝑎 = 𝐺 ( 𝑚 1 +𝑚 2 )
3
𝑃2 4 𝜋2
Problem:
Each of the Lagrange points L4 and L5 forms an equilateral triangle
with the masses M1 (0.85Mʘ) and M2 (0.17Mʘ). Use this to obtain the
value of the effective gravitational potential at L4 and L5 (a = 0.718Rʘ)