SENSASI dan PERSEPSI

PSIKOLOGI UMUM
SENSASI

• Bersifat pribadi
• Merupakan stimulasi thd organ/indera kita
• Masing-masing orang memiliki sensasi
yang berbeda satu sama lain.
• Melibatkan penyerapan energi, seperti
cahaya atau suara, yang dilakukan oleh
organ sensori misalnya mata dan telinga.
 Sensasi
• Sensasi berasal dari kata “sense” yang artinya
alat pengindraan, yang menghubungkan
organisme dengan lingkungannya.
• Menurut Dennis Coon, “Sensasi adalah
pengalaman elementer yang segera, yang
tidak memerlukan penguraian verbal.
Simbolis, atau konseptual, dan terutama sekali
berhubungan dengan kegiatan alat indera.”
Sensasi ini dipengaruhi oleh:
• Ambang Mutlak/Batas Mutlak. Informasi
inderawi yang kita tangkap haruslah cukup
kuat dan ada dalam jangkauan kemampuan
indera kita. Mata misalnya hanya bisa
melihat sesuatu yang mempunyai panjang
gelombang antara 386 - 780 Nanometer.
Telinga hanya mendeteksi frekwensi
gelombang suara yang berkisar antara 20 -
20.000 Hertz. Tubuh kita hanya bisa stabil
jika ada disekitar temperatur 10°C - 45°C.
• Faktor personal
Sense……

• Sense of SIGHT : The Visual System

• Sense of HEARING : The Auditory System

• OTHER Sense : Taste, Smell, and Touch.

ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD
SISTEM VISUAL

• Stimulus utamanya adalah CAHAYA

• Cahaya merupakan suatu bentuk radiasi

elektromagnetik yang disalurkan melalui
gelombang.
VISUAL SYSTEM
Demonstration of the blind spot
Process Dark Adaptation
Hermann grid to see dark spot
Trichromatic Theory
Demontration of Complementary
Afterimage
Distal & Proximal Stimuli
 The Auditory Senses

Auditory system
1.Ossicle. 2. Semicircular canal. 3. Cochlea. 4. Auditory nerve 5. Eustachian tube
6.Midle ear. 7. Ear drum 8. External ear canal

Sound waves funnel into the outer ear - the flap of skin and cartilage on the side of the head.
They pass along a narrow tube, the ear canal, to a small patch of rubbery skin at its end, the
eardrum. The sound waves bounce off the eardrum and make it shake to and fro, or vibrate. The
eardrum is connected to a row of three tiny bones linked together, the hammer, anvil and stirrup.
The vibrations pass along these bones. The stirrup presses against a small, fluid-filled, snail-
shaped part, the cochlea, deep inside the ear. The vibrations pass as ripples into the fluid inside
the cochlea. Here, they shake thousands of tiny hairs that stick into the fluid from hair cells. As
the hairs shake, the hair cells make nerve signals, which go along the auditory nerve to the
hearing centre of the brain.  

Taken from Medical Facts for Pilots

Perceptual Process Model

Environmental Stimuli

Feeling Hearing Seeing Smelling Tasting

Selective Attention

Organization and
Interpretation

Emotions and
Behaviors
 The Olfactory Sense

Olfactory system. 1. Olfactory bulb. 2. nasal cavity. 3. Brain. 4. Olfactory epithelium 5.

Vomeronasal organ. 6. Ions. 7 Glomeruli. *. Axon. 9. To olfactory cortex

Inside each side of the nose is an air chamber, the nasal cavity. Air comes in through
the nostril and flows down, around the rear of the roof of the mouth, into the throat. But
when you sniff, air swirls up into the top of the cavity. Here is a small patch of about
10 million specialised olfactory (smelling) cells. They have long micro-hairs, or cilia,
sticking out from them. Odour particles in the air stick on to the cilia and make the
olfactory cells produce nerve signals, which travel to the olfactory bulb. This is a pre-
processing centre that partly sorts the signals before they go along the olfactory tract to
the brain where they are

Images from Scientific American by Roberto Osti and J.G. Hildebrand.

 The Gustatory Sense

The tongue is covered with dozens of

pimple-like projections called
papillae. These grip and move food
when you chew. Around the sides of
the papillae are about 10,000
microscopic taste buds. Different
parts of the tongue are sensitive to
different flavours: sweet, salt, sour
and bitter.

Image from The Human Body

The sense of touch is the name given to a network of nerve endings
that reach just about every part of our body. These sensory nerve
endings are located just below the skin and register light and heavy
pressure on the skin and also differences in temperature. These
nerve endings gather information and send it to the brain

The Touch Sense

Indera Kinestetis
• Indera kinestetik adalah sistem
pengolahan informasi dan persepsi tubuh
atas pergerakan otot/ badan, dan citra tubuh.
• Pengindraan otot, urat, persendian

• Co/ saat berlatih music, menari, senam, olah

raga
Indera Vestibular
Merupakan indera internal yang bertugas
untuk mengatur keseimbangan ketika tubuh
bergerak. ... Sebut saja, indera penglihatan
untuk menentukan arah, pendengaran untuk
mengenali bunyi klakson mobil, indera
proprioseptif untuk mengetahui ruang mobil
dan indera lainnya
Terletak diantara dasar kanal setengah
lingkaran dan rumah siput
PERSEPSI

• Merupakan proses seleksi, organisasi, dan

interpretasi sensori yang masuk.
• Melibatkan organisasi dan menerjemahkan
sensori yang masuk menjadi sesuatu yang
lebih bermakna.
Perceptual Process Model

Environmental Stimuli

Feeling Hearing Seeing Smelling Tasting

Selective Attention

Organization and
Interpretation

Emotions and
Behaviors
Prinsip-prinsip persepsi
Dlm analisis perseptual terdapat dua
komponen, yaitu organisasi dan interpretasi.
Organisasi perseptual, yaitu penggabungan
(fusi) dan koordinasi dari berbagai stimuli
terpisah menjadi sesuatu yg bermakna
Interpretasi; pemberian makna
Penyederhanaan; ketika sst telah
diorganisasikan, mk sst itu akan
disederhanakan
A Poster for Trained Seal Act
Feature Analysis in Form Perception
The Principle of Figure & Ground
Figure Ground Relationships

Bentuk pemisahan paling primitif yang

dilakukan oleh pikiran manusia
– Antara Figur dan Background
– Figur lebih terlihat karena terdapat
Background
Figure Ground Relationships

• Contoh ilusi yang ada :

– Necker Cube
Reverses Front and Back
– Goblet Versus Person
• Kita mempelajari menganai figur yang ada
bukan mengenai background
Gestalt Principles of Perceptual Organization
The Law of Proximity

• Elemen yang ada dikelompokkan berdasar

kedekatan (proximity) atau kesamaan
(nearness)
• Corollary
• The Closer Together Two Elements Are, the More
Likely They Are Grouped Together
• Ex : We Hear or Organize Speech With
Pauses
The Law of Proximity

Examples of Proximity as a Grouping Factor:

……… .
. .
… . . .
… . . . .
… . . .
. .
The Law of Similarity

• Grouping By Size or Brightness

• Similar Factors in Auditory Grouping

– Pitch
– Background Noise Differentiation
– We Can Talk and Hear at a Noisy Party
The Law of Common Direction

• Common Direction Means “Common Fate”

(keumuman)
• Waves
• Extrapolating the Movement of Certain
Items
The Law of Simplicity

• The Person shall organize the field into

simple figures
- Good Gestalts
- Symmetry
- Regularity
- Smoothness
Reversible Figure
Shape Constancy
Explaining The Muller-Lyer Illusion
Four Geometric Illusions
mempersepsi

• Asimilasi; bahwa suatu elemen yg serupa

dimaknai atau dialami secara berbeda sesuai
dengan situasinya masing2
I3 24 I4

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