PENDERITA GAGAL
GINJAL
A FIRMANSAH WARGAHADIBRATA dr., SpGK, MKes
MALNUTRISI
KONSEKUENSI MALNUTRISI:
MENINGKATKAN RESIKO TERJADINYA
KOMPLIKASI
MENGHAMBAT PENYEMBUHAN
MEMPERPANJANG LAMA RAWAT
MENINGKATKAN BIAYA PERAWATAN
MENINGKATKAN MORTALITAS
STATUS GIZI
SKRINING:
PROSES CEPAT & SEDERHANA OLEH
TENAGA KESEHATAN UNTUK MENGETAHUI
RESIKO TERJADINYA MALNUTRISI, CONTOH:
RIWAYAT PERUBAHAN POLA MAKAN, RIWAYAT
PERUBAHAN BERAT BADAN
STATUS GIZI
Carboxylic group -
COO
Amino group
+
H3 N a H
H = Glycine
R group CH3 = Alanine
ENVIRONMENT ORGANISM
Bio-
Ingested synthesis
Protein
protein
2 3
1
a
AMINO
ACIDS
b
c c
Degradation Purines
(required) Pyrimidines
Porphyrins
Carbon
Nitrogen
skeletons
(ketogenic) (glucogenic)
Urea Used for pyruvate
energy α-ketoglutarate
acetoacetate succinyl-CoA
acetyl CoA fumarate
oxaloacetate
OVERVIEW OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM
ENVIRONMENT ORGANISM
Bio-
Ingested synthesis
Protein
protein
2 3
1
a
AMINO
ACIDS
b
c c
Degradation Purines
(required) Pyrimidines
Porphyrins
Carbon
Nitrogen
skeletons
(ketogenic) (glucogenic)
Urea Used for pyruvate
energy α-ketoglutarate
acetoacetate succinyl-CoA
acetyl CoA fumarate
oxaloacetate
OVERVIEW OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM
ENVIRONMENT ORGANISM
Bio-
Ingested synthesis
Protein
protein
2 3
1
a
AMINO
ACIDS
b
c c
Degradation Purines
(required) Pyrimidines
Porphyrins
Carbon
Nitrogen
skeletons
(ketogenic) (glucogenic)
Urea Used for pyruvate
energy α-ketoglutarate
acetoacetate succinyl-CoA
acetyl CoA fumarate
oxaloacetate
Breakdown and
Release of
Energy
Overview of Amino Acid Catabolism:
Interorgan Relationships
TERAPI NUTRISI
ESPEN GUIDELINES ON ENTERAL NUTRITION, CLINICAL NUTRITION 2006 25, 180-186
NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT
ENTERAL NUTRITION
(EN)
ORAL
NUTRITIONAL
SUPPLEMENT
KEBUTUHAN NUTRISI
ENERGI:RUMUS ‘RULE OF THUMB’ 25 - 30
Kkal/Kg BERAT BADAN/h
PROTEIN: NORMAL 0,8-1 g/kg BB/h,
STRESS 1,2-2 g/kgBB/h ; VLPD 0,3 g/kg BB/h,
LPD 0,6 g/kg BB/h ; Dialisis 1,0 -1,2 g/kg BB/h.
LEMAK:NORMAL 25-30% ENERGI TOTAL, STRESS 20-
35% ENERGI TOTAL PER HARI
KARBOHIDRAT: 50-65% PER HARI
KEBUTUHAN NUTRISI
VITAMIN
DAN MINERAL 100% DARI
RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE (RDA)
IMMUNE MODULATING FORMULAE:
ARGININ, GLUTAMINE, NUKLEOTIDA
ANTIOKSIDAN, EPA, GLA
OMEGA-3
GLUTAMIN
CURCUMIN
PROBIOTIK
NABATI
R-Lipoic acid
R-dihydro Lipoic acid (DHLA)
TERIMA KASIH