Pengenalan

Computation Thinking (CT)

oleh:
 https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/english/society5_0/index.html

Background Pendidikan adalah

penyemaian
benih
kebudayaan
(Ki Hajar Dewantoro)
Pendidikan CT adalah
penyemaian benih
kebudayaan DIGITAL.

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industri_4.0

The Great Principles of Computing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility,_uncertainty,_complexity_and_ambiguity

By Peter J. Denning
https://www.americanscientist.org/article/the-great-principles-of-computing
 Arah Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional, Visi Presiden tahun 2020-2024 adalah:
“Terwujudnya Indonesia maju yang berdaulat, mandiri, dan berkepribadian, berlandaskan gotong royong”

Hakekat Merdeka
Merdeka itu spirit !
Merdeka berpikir, beride,
bereksperiman, namun tetap
berhati-hati dalam bertindak.

Merdeka bukan berarti bebas

melakukan apa saja, tetapi
tetap memperhatikan norma,
aturan, etika.
Merdeka bukan berarti tidak
ada disiplin dan keteraturan.

Merdeka untuk merdeka !!!

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Sumber: indonesiabaik.id

Sumber: indopolitika.com
K-12 Curriculum Profil Pelajar Pancasila :
• Berakhlak Mulia
http://p21.or
g Collaboration,
• Mandiri
Communication Critical
• Berpikir kritis
• Kreatif Thinking, Creativity
+++++++++++++++++
Compassion
• Bergotong royong +++++++++++++
• Berkebhinekaan Global Computational Thinking

Banyak bertanya,
Banyak mencoba,
TIK Banyak berkarya
Computing Practices

https://iste.org C N D A S

E W A P O

Guru dan Sekolah Merdeka: C

Kebebasan untuk berinovasi,
belajar dengan mandiri, dan
kreatif
COMPUTATIONAL THINKING
https://aren.cs.ui.ac.id/kikd/xindex.php
Clarification: CT, CS (Informatics), ICT https://k12cs.org
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 Guru Merdeka 4C
2C
• Merdeka berpikir, hati-hati bertindak.
• Tahu “batas” kemerdekaan
• Merdeka tidak dibatasi ruang, batasan,
keterbatasan, standar,..
• Merdeka meninggalkan zona nyaman,
selalu mencari hal baru yang lebih baik,
efektif, efisien, optimal
• Merdeka untuk medeka!
• Kritis > kreatif> inovatif

Penguasaan Materi merupakan modal utama

Penjelasan_Pelaksanaan_Konten
Mengapa Pendidikan di Singapura, Finlandia,
Korea Selatan, Selandia Baru, Jepang, dan China
bisa Unggul?
 Jawabannya adalah:
KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN

Peringkat PISA Rendah

1. SAINS
2. MATEMATIKA
3. MEMBACA

Mandatory di Kurikulum
1. Bahasa Inggris
2. Koding
3. Statistik
4. Psikologi

Science, Technology, Engineering, Art dan Matematika

(STEAM)
Sumber: myidbc.net
• Pada Tahun 2012, kurikulum nasional Inggris mulai memperkenalkan ilmu
komputer atau Computer Science (CS) kepada semua siswa.
• Di Singapura, sebagai bagian dari inisiatif “Smart Nation”, telah memberi
label pengembangan Computional Thinking (CT) sebagai “kemampuan
nasional”.
• Bahkan negara-negara lain, dari Finlandia hingga Korea Selatan, Cina
hingga Australia dan Selandia Baru, telah meluncurkan upaya skala besar
untuk memperkenalkan CT di sekolah-sekolah, sebagai bagian dari
kurikulum CS baru atau diintegrasikan ke dalam mata pelajaran yang ada.
• Di Amerika Serikat, mantan Presiden Barack Obama meminta semua
siswa K-12 (SD sampai SMA) untuk dilengkapi dengan keterampilan CT
sebagai bagian dari inisiatif “Computer Science for All” pada tahun 2016.

Sumber: edukasi101.com
HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)

https://www.karenwalstraconsulting.com/home/index.php?ipkArticleID=15
Landasan Keterampilan Berfikir (Thinking Skills)
• Dalam al-Quran banyak terdapat ayat-ayat yang diakhiri dengan
kata-kata
1. Afala ta’qilun (apakah kamu tidak berakal),
2. Afala tatafakkarun (apakah kamu tidak berpikir)
3. Afala yatadabbarun (apakah mereka tidak merenung).
• Kisah Nabi Ibrahim mencari Tuhan
• Kisah Nabi Daud dan Sulaiman memecahkan masalah Dua Ibu
berebut bayi.
• Kisah dua pemuda mengaku anak dari seorang ibu.
• Kisah Nasrudin Hoja dan Kisah Abu Nawas
 Abu Nawas dan Pembagian Kambing
• Ada 23 ekor kambing
• A mendapatkan 1/2 --> 11.5
• B mendapatkan 1/3 --> 7.6
• C mendapatkan 1/8 --> 2.8
• Abu Nawas meminjam dari raja 1 ekor kambing,
menjadi 24 kambing
• A mendapatkan 1/2 --> 12
• B mendapatkan 1/3 --> 8
• C mendapatkan 1/8 --> 3
• Total 12 + 6 + 3 = 23
• Sisa 1 kambing, dikembalikan ke raja
 Keterampilan Berfikir (Thinking Skills)
1. Vertical Thinking
2. Lateral Thinking
3. Critical Thinking
4. Creative Thinking
5. Computational Thinking
6. ....
What is
Computational
Thinking?
Decomposting

Abstraction

Algorithms

Pattern recognition
 What is CT?
"Computational Thinking is the thought processes involved in formulating problems and their
solutions so that the solutions are represented in a form that can be effectively carried out by
an information-processing agent.“
J. Cuny, L. Snyder, and J. M. Wing. Demystifying Computational Thinking for Non-Computer Scientists, 2010

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_thinking https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z7tp34j
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 Computational Thinking

https://digitalpromise.org/initiative/computational-
thinking/key-concepts-of-computational-thinking/

Nonton Video CT:

Video Computational Thinking : untuk disimak secara mandiri
https://k12cs.org/computational-thinking/
(untuk mendapatkan gambaran contoh-contoh lebih nyata dari pentingnya CT) https://www.digitaltechnologieshub.edu.au/docs/de
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFcUgSYyRPg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3_H6v5ph18&feature=youtu.be fault-source/resource-bank/computational-thinking-
(contoh-contoh pengajaran di kurikulum Australia untuk berbagai poster.pdf?sfvrsn=2
tingkatan/kelas)

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Computational Thinking
https://www.barefootcomputing.org

2
0
 CT Disposition:

Computational Thinking • Confidence in dealing with complexity.

• Persistence in working with difficult
• problems.
• Tolerance for ambiguity.
• The ability to deal with open-ended
• problems.
• The ability to communicate and work
• with others to achieve a common goal
or solution
https://iste.org
Q1.What is Computational
Thinking ?

Q2. How Do We Measure

Students’ Computational
Abilities?

Q3. Is Computational
Thinking Good for Everyone?
Denning, P.J: "Remaining Trouble Spots with Computational Thinking, Addressing unresolved questions concerning computational
thinking“, COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM | JUNE 2017 | VOL. 60 | DOI:10.1145/299843
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 Computational Thinking
CT untuk siapa?
https://k12cs.org CS - Non CS

Untuk Semua!

Computational Thinking
https://k12cs.org/navigating-the-practices/ 9
Computational Thinking – Operational Definition
https://id.iste.org/docs/ct-documents/computational-thinking-operational-definition-flyer.pdf
CT encourage childrens asking ….
• Can this problem be better, or more easily, solved by a human or a
computer?
• Is there a pattern between this problem and similar problems we
have tackled before?
• How can data be organized to solve this problem?
• How can I create a general solution that works for a range of
inputs?
• What is a step-by-step procedure I can articulate to solve this?
• What computational strategies might be employed?
• What are the limitations, trade-offs and constraints related to
solving this problem?
What is NOT CT
• Conceptualizing, not programming
• Fundamental, not rote skill
• A way that humans, not computers, think
• Complements and combines mathematical and engineering thinking
• Computer science inherently draws on engineering thinking
• Ideas, not artifacts

Bukan hanya programming, bukan hafalan, bukan menjadi

computer, mengintegrasikan berpikir “matematika,
enjiniring, informatika”; IDE dan bukan Artefak
How ?
• Bebras Challenge – practicing
• By Data Analysis – lihat soal-soal PISA
• By Programming – bukan Coding
• BY modeling & simulation
 CT & PISA Test
PISA 2021 Framework
• 168. The focus on computational thinking and
the role of technology in both doing and
teaching mathematics has implications for the
background questionnaires which should
provide measures to better understand
students’ opportunities to learn in this regard.
In particular the questionnaires should
establish the frequency with which students,
for example:
• Design or work with computer simulations and
or
• computer models;both inside the mathematics
Code or program
classroom and outside it; and
• Are exposed to Computer Mathematics Systems
(CSM) (including dynamic geometry software;
spreadsheets; programming software (e.g. Logo
and Scratch); graphing calculators; games etc.).
Bandingkan PISA Tes dengan K12 Science
Framework, dan juga kurikulum negara maju
Mathematics Literacy
What’s new in PISA 2021
• PISA 2021 aims to consider mathematics in a
rapidly changing world driven by new
technologies and trends in which citizens are
creative and engaged, making non-routine
judgments for themselves and the society in
which they live.
• This brings into focus the ability to reason
mathematically, which has always been a part of
the PISA framework.
• This technology change is also creating the need
for students to understand those computational
thinking concepts that are part of mathematical
literacy.
• Finally, the framework recognizes that improved
computer-based assessment is available to most
students within PISA.
Definisi Level Kompetensi PISA perlu
diperkenalkan ke guru untuk mendapatkan
“sense” tentang apa itu HOT, dan juga
kesesuaiannya dg kurikulum Math, Science,
Literacy di negar1a6 maju
 Bahan Bacaan
[1] Wing, "Computational Thinking", COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM, March 2006/Vol. 49, No. 3
[2] Wing, J.M : "Computational thinking and thinkingabout computing", Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A(2008)366, 3717–3725
https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~wing/publications/Wing08a.pdf
[3] Tedre, Matti; Denning, Peter J. (2016) The Long Quest for Computational Thinking. Proceedings of the 16th Koli Calling
Conference on Computing Education Research, November 24-27, 2016, Koli, Finland: pp. 120-129.
http://denninginstitute.com/pjd/PUBS/long-quest-ct.pdf
[4] Grover, Shuchi & Pea, Roy. (2017). Computational Thinking: A Competency Whose Time Has Come.
https://www.re
searchgate.net/publication/322104135_Computational_Thinking_A_Competency_Whose_Time_Has_Come
[5] Denning P.J, "Remaining Trouble Spots with Computational Thinking", Communications of the ACM, June 2017, Vol. 60 No.
6,
Pages 33-39 https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2017/6/217742-remaining-trouble-spots-with-computational-thinking/
fulltext
[6] Denning P.J,"Computational Thinking in Science", American Scientis, 2017
https://www.americanscientist.org/article/computational-thinking-in-science
[7] Denning P.J, "The Great Principles of Computing“ https://www.ame
ricanscientist.org/article/the-great-principles-of-computing
[8] Mahsa Mohaghegh et al, "Computational Thinking: The Skill Set of the 21st Century", (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer
Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 7 (3) , 2016, 1524-1530
http://ijcsit.com/docs/Volume%207/vol7issue3/ijcsit20160703104.pdf
[9] National Academy of Science: Report of a workshop on the scope and nature of Computational Thinking
https://www.nap.edu/catalog/12840/report-of-a-workshop-on-the-scope-and-nature-of-computational-thinking
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[10] Hsu, T.-C., Chang, S.-C., & Hung, Y.-T. (2018). How to learn and how to teach computational thinking: Suggestions based on a
 Refleksi
Computation Thinking (CT)

oleh:
What do you see?

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Latihan CT

Pilih salah satu slide berikut,

• Setelah anda memahami apa itu CT, ungkapkan aspek

CT yang anda tangkap melihat gambar pada slide.
• Tuliskan “domain” yang paling kuat dan masuk akal
berdasarkan gambar tersebut.

https://educationalresearchtechniques.com/2018/02/02/teaching-reflective-thinking/

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Ungkapkan aspek CT melihat gambar
ini
Ungkapkan aspek CT melihat gambar
ini
Rumah Adat Indonesia – di mana aspek
CT?

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Kapal ?

Aspek CT ?
Ungkapkan aspek CT melihat gambar ini
Ungkapkan aspek CT melihat gambar
ini
Ungkapkan aspek CT melihat gambar
ini
Ungkapkan aspek CT melihat gambar
ini