Acetazolamid, metazolamid
Mechanism Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
EFEK DARI CAI
• Hilangnya bikarbonat menghasilkan asidosis metabolik
• Sebagian besar kehilangan cairan akibat penghambatan karbonat
anhidrase diperoleh kembali di segmen nefron yang lebih distal,
terutama ansa Henle.
• Penggunaan diuretik CAI relatif rendah, dan semakin berkurang
dengan pengobatan selama beberapa hari karena perkembangan
asidosis metabolik, seiring penurunan bikarbonat dalam filtrat
glomerulus.
INDIKASI
ACUTE
GLAUKOMA ALKALOSIS MOUNTAIN
METABOLIK SICKNESS
LOOP DIURETIC
LOOP DIURETICS
Bekerja pada Ansa Henle pada ginjal dan berfungsi untuk mengurangi
penyerapan kalium, klorida dan natrium
EDEMATOUS
ACUTE
STATES ACUTE MOUNTAIN
(CHF & HIPERKALSEMI SICKNESS
PULMONARY
EDEMA)
EFEK SAMPING
HIPOKALEMI
OTOKSISITAS HIPERUREMIA
METABOLIK
ALKALOSIS
OSMOTIC DIURETIC
OSMOTIC DIURETICS
Manitol
Mechanism Osmotic Diuretics
INDICATION
1. HEAD INJURY
By altering Starling forces so that water leaves cells, mannitol can produce a beneficial
lowering of intracranial pressure in patients with head injury. Intracranial pressure
typically falls within 60-90 minutes with therapeutic doses
2. HYPERNATREMIA
THIAZIDES
THIAZID
HEART KIDNEY
HIPERTENSI FAILURE STONES
SIDE EFFECT
• Hiperaldosteron
• Hipokalemia
• Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
Mechanism K-Sparing Diuretic
SGL-2 INHIBITOR
Diabetes Melitus type 2 drugs
SGL2 INHIBITOR
SGLT 2 bekerja
di S1 dan S2 Proxymal tubule
Glukosuria
Mechanism SGL-2 Inhibitor
SGLT 1 vs SGLT 2
TRANSPORT NA K
ATPASE
TRANSPORT AKTIF
Sel granular
Baroreseptor -> penurunan tek.darah
Makula densa
deteksi. NaCl -> Sel granular Sel granular ->saraf simpatis
produksi renin lbh banyak Mengaktifkan aktivitas simpatis dgn produksi
renin lebih banyak lagi
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Arumgham VB, Shahin MH. Penggunaan Terapeutik Agen Diuretik. [Diperbarui 2023 Mei 29]. Di dalam: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL):
Penerbitan StatPearls; 2023 Jan-. Tersedia dari: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557838/
Dalal R, Bruss ZS, Sehdev JS. Physiology, Renal Blood Flow and Filtration. [Updated 2022 Jul 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL):
StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482248/
Ogobuiro I, Tuma F. Physiology, Renal. [Updated 2022 Jul 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-
Sherwood,Lauralee. (2016). Human Physiology : from cells to system, Ninth Edition (9 th. Ed). USA: Cengange Learning.
Simes, B. C., & MacGregor, G. G. (2019). Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors: A Clinician's Guide. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and
obesity : targets and therapy, 12, 2125–2136. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S212003
Fountain JH, Kaur J, Lappin SL. Physiology, Renin Angiotensin System. [Updated 2023 Mar 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls
Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470410/
Padda IS, Mahtani AU, Parmar M. Sodium-Glucose Transport Protein 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors. [Updated 2023 May 21]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure
Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576405/
Persson P. B. (2003). Renin: origin, secretion and synthesis. The Journal of physiology, 552(Pt 3), 667–671.
https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2003.049890
TERIMAKASIH