SOROTAN LITERATUR
Objektif
Menerangkan maksud membuat sorotan
literatur
Menjelaskan tujuh fungsi sorotan literatur
Membezakan antara sumber jurnal,
kamus, ensiklopedia dan abstrak
Tujuan:
Teori bidang
Latar belakang
masalah
Kaedah penyelidikan
Kesilapan
Pentafsiran
Kewibawaan
keyakinan
SOROTAN
LITERATU
R
Penyusunan
Kaedan sorotan:
Internet
Abstrak & indeks
Bibliografi
Kamus perkara
Katalog
Buku
Jurnal
Sumber literatur:
Jurnal
Kamus & istilah
Ensiklopedia
Abstrak & indeks
Sambungan..
Mengkaji kajian-kajian berkaitan bagi
mengenalpasti sejauh mana sesuatu
masalah yang diminati telah dikaji.
Meninjau semula sesuatu sumber bahan
bertulis, termasuk laporan-laporan hasil
kajian yang lepas yang telah dilakukan
sebelum ini.
Sambungan.
Fungsi
Membantu penyelidik mengelakkan diri daripada
mengulangi kelemahan yang dilakukan pada
penyelidikan terdahulu (to avoid reinventing the wheel (at the
very least this will save time and it can stop you from making the
same mistakes as others)
Langkah-langkah Melaksanakan
Sorotan Kajian
Cari bahan bertulis yang terkini berkaitan dengan
apa yang hendak dikaji.
Baca abstrak /ringkasan untuk menentukan
kesesuaian bahan.
Kenal pasti: objektif, tujuan, kaedah kajian,
dapatan, perbincangan, kesimpulan & implikasi.
Buat rumusan sorotan kajian lepas untuk
membentuk masalah kajian.
Langkah-langkah Melaksanakan
Sorotan Kajian
Kata kunci - Identify key terms key-words (kata kunci)
Lokasi - Locate literature - cari bahan bertulis yang terkini
berkaitan dengan apa yang hendak dikaji.
Nilai - Critically evaluate and select the literature - baca
abstrak /ringkasan untuk menentukan kesesuaian bahan
Kenal pasti: objektif, tujuan, kaedah kajian, dapatan,
perbincangan, kesimpulan & implikasi.
Susun - Organize the literature
Tulis - Write a review - buat rumusan sorotan kajian lepas
untuk membentuk masalah kajian.
Sambungan..
Databases Used
in Educational Research
PsycINFO
Sociofile
Social Science Citation Index
Dissertation Abstracts
Others: PubMed
http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=advanced
Teknik..
Deduktif
Induktif
Quotation
Active Form:
Chin (2002) suggests that the most important aspect of national
service is that ithelps promote racial peace And harmony and the
understanding to live as one people.
Passive Form:
It is suggested that national service is important because it
helps promote racial peace and harmony and the understanding to
live as one people. (Chin, 2002)
Quotation
Perenggan yang menjelaskan cabaran semasa pendidikan abad ke-21
yang menekankan kepada perubahan peranan guru)..Tun Mahathir
dalam ucapannya ketika melancarkan MSC dua belas tahun yang lalu.
Paraphrase
Berdasarkan artikel yang dibaca,
sorotan literatur boleh dilakukan dalam bentuk paraphrase
Active Form:
Chin (2002) suggests that the most important aspect of national service is
that it can help enhance racial unity and thus help the people of Malaysia to
live as one nation.
Passive Form:
It is suggested that the most important aspect of national service is that it
can help enhance racial unity and thus help the people of Malaysia to live
as one nation. (Chin, 2002).
Theme: opening the sentence:
Theme position means the first word in the sentence. Whatever is placed there is what
you are talking about & has some importance in the sentence. Putting authors here
gives them far more significance than just putting them in brackets at the end of the
sentence.
Contoh Penulisan
Within-text references
Menurut Chen dan Kinshuk (2005) perkhidmatan pendidikan yang
berasaskan teknologi mobil adalah merupakan sumber pembelajaran
yang mudahalih dan boleh diakses oleh pelajar tanpa mengira masa dan
tempat.
Pendekatan konstrutivisme digunakan ke atas kajian yang dibuat oleh
Colella et al. (2000) untuk mengkaji penggunaan teknologi mobil dalam
pembelajaran penyebaran dan pembiakan virus.
Dalam Bajet 2007, sejumlah RM288 juta telah disediakan di bawah
program pembestarian sekolah (Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, 2006)
Cardens (2004), menyatakan portal merupakan anjakan paradigma
yang penting dalam teknologi maklumat.
Examine - memeriksa
Min-Zhan Lu (1992) has examined the differences between ... L1
composition pedagogies ... (Severino, 1993)
Address - ????
Kuno (1992) specifically addressed the distribution of these two
particles and concludes that ...
Develop - membentuk
Maltz and Borker (1982) developed lists of what they described
as men's and women's features of language. (Pennycook, 1993)
Propose - mencadangkan
Sheetz-Brunetti and Johnson (1983) have proposed the
use of simple diagrams ... to teach ESL compositions skills
...
Argue - bersetuju
Mies argues that the domestication ... of women in the
metropolitan nations is dependent on the exploitation of the
Third World. (1986)
Demonstrate - ???
As Tollefson (1989) demonstrates, it is often the case that U.S.
policies ... have contributed to their immigration to the U.S. in the
first place [Severino, 1993]
Show - menunjukkan
Meyer's research (1975) has shown that the hierarchical content
structure of a text plays an important role in reading
comprehension. (Carrell, 1987)
Johnson et al (1985) showed that on average there was actually
more Cantonese spoken than English ... (Bruce, 1990)
Bentuk Aktif
Menjelaskan
Percaya
Membangunkan
Mencadangkan
Solomon (2003
menyatakan
References vs Bibliography
What are they?
References usually come at the end of a text
(essay or research report) and should contain
only those works cited within the text.
References vs Bibliography
What are they?
Bibliography is any list of references at the end of a text,
whether cited or not. It includes texts you made use of, not
only texts you referred to in your paper, but your own
additional background reading, and any other articles you
think the reader might need as background reading.
References vs Bibliography
What are they?
Plagiarism
What is plagiarism?
What is plagiarism?
Students who have problems studying and
writing in a foreign language tend simply to
rely too heavily on the words and ideas of
the writers they read.
A social 'crime'?
Academics tend to see their ideas and words are the 'tools
of their trade', which help define their professional identity.
But they also continually 'borrow' each other's language
and ideas - like borrowing clothes. So, they have
developed the custom of publicly acknowledging whose
words - whose 'clothes' -they have borrowed. You failure to
do this is often interpreted by teachers as pretending the
words or ideas are yours, and is therefore seen as a
End
Thank You
Terima Kasih