TIM PENGASUH
M.K. DASAR-DASAR ILMU TANAH
Menaksir produktivitasnya
Pembatasan Asas
Asas Menyeluruh Bebas
Kategori Taksonomik (Ceiling of independence
(Principle of wholeness
principle)
of taxonomic categories)
Klasifikasi Alami Vs Klasifikasi Teknis
Klasifikasi tanah yang Klasifikasi tanah yang
didasarkan atas sifat didasarkan atas sifat-
tanah yang dimilikinya sifat tanah yang
tanpa menghubungkan mempengaruhi
dengan tujuan kemampuan tanah
penggunaan tanah tsb untuk penggunaan-
Gambaran dasar (sifat penggunaan tertentu
fisik, kimia, mineralogi) Sebutan Klasifikasi
Sebutan Klasifikasi Kemampuan atau
Tanah kesesuaian lahan
PE R K E M B A N G A N S I S T E M K LA S I F I K A S I T A N A H
D I D UN IA
5 (L IM A) P E R IO D E
K L A S IF IK A S I TE K N IS
Th aer (1 8 5 3 )
F allou (1 8 6 2 )
R ich th ofen (1 8 8 6 )
D ITE M U K A N N YA P E D O L O G I
D ok u c h aev (1 8 8 3 )
S ib erstsev - G lin ka
A M E R IK A A W A L
R u ffin (1 8 3 2 )
H ilg ard (1 8 3 3 -1 9 0 6 )
M ilton W h itn ey (1 9 0 9 )
A M E R IK A P E R TE N G A H A N
M arb u t (1 9 3 5 )
K U A N TITA TIF M O D E R N
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Soil Classification
Based on 5 factors of soil formation
Pedon
- 1-10 m2
- large enough to permit study of horizons,
chemistry; too small for mapping
Polypedon
- approximates a series (16,000 in U.S.)
- a grouping of similar, contiguous pedons
- constitutes a mapping unit
7th approximation - Soil Taxonomy
soils as natural bodies capable of classification (vary
systematically)
classification based on extant properties, not presumed genesis
systematic nomenclature
KONKRESI KROTOVINAS
PADAS (PAN) PLINTIT
ORTERDE SLICKENSIDE
ORSTEIN SELAPUT LIAT
FRAGIPAN (CLAY SKIN)
DURIPAN KONTAK LITHIK
PADAS LIAT (CLAY KONTAK
PAN) PARALITHIK
REGIM TEMPERATUR
PERGILIC - Suhu tanah rata2 thn < 0oC
CRYIC - Suhu tanah rata2 thn 0o - 8oC, m.panas < 15oC
FRIGID - Suhu tanah rata2 thn 0o - 8oC, m.panas > 15oC
MESIC - Suhu tanah rata2 thn 8o - 15oC
THERMIC - Suhu tanah rata2 thn 15o - 22oC
HYPERTHERMIC - Suhu tanah rata2 thn > 22oC
ISO (FRIGID, MESIC, THERMIC, HYPRETHERMIC)
- Perbedaan suhu tanah rata2 m.panas dan m.dingin < 5oC
TROPIC - Sifat iso & suhu tanah rata2 thn > 8o (iso mesic atau lebih
panas)
REGIM KELEMBABAN
AQUIC Tanah jenuh air reduksi karatan, kroma rendah
ARIDIC / TORIC Kering > 6 bln (bila tanah tdk pernah
beku). Tdk pernah lembab > 90 hr berturut-turut atau lebih
setiap tahun
Suborder 64
Faktor Pembeda:
Kesamaan jenis, tingkat perkembangan,
Great Group 317 Susunan horison; KB, regim suhu, kelembaban
Pendiri lain: plinthite, fragipan, duripan.
Subgroup 1,200
Faktor Pembeda:
Family 6,600 - Sifat inti great group
- Sifat tanah peralihan ke GG, Subordo, ordo
Series 17,000 - Sifat tanah peralihan ke bukan tanah
Entisols Vertisols
Inceptisols Aridisols
Mollisols Spodosols
Alfisols
Histosols
Ultisols
Andisols
Oxisols
Gelisols
Entisols
Entisols are soils of recent
origin.
These are soils developed in
unconsolidated parent material
They usually have no genetic
horizons except an A horizon
All soils that do not fit into one of
the other ten orders are Entisols
Parent Material may be
refreshed, interupting soil
development (floodplains)
Typical of sandy, wet or dry
areas
Inceptisols
Inceptisols are soils that exhibit
minimal horizon development
They are more developed than
Entisols, having a Cambic
horizon
They still lack the features that
are characteristic of other soil
orders
Inceptisols are widely distributed
and occur under a wide range of
environmental settings.
They are often found on fairly
steep slopes, young geomorphic
surfaces, and on resistant parent
materials. Eutrochrept asal Northen Micigan
Mollisols
Mollisols are the soils of grassland
ecosystems.
They have a thick, soft, dark surface
called a mollic epipedon
This dark, fertile surface horizon results
from addition of organic materials from
plant roots.
They have high base saturation and
good crumb structure
Mollisols occur in the middle latitudes
in prairie regions such as the Great
Plains.
Mollisols are among some of the most
productive agricultural soils in the
world.