KATA PENGANTAR
(diisi oleh praktikan)
DAFTAR ISI
ADMINISTRASI PRAKTIKUM
KARTU ASISTENSI
Nama : .................................
NIM : .................................
Kelompok : .................................
Asisten : .................................
C. TUJUAN PENGUJIAN :
a) Menghitung keseimbangan energi mesin diesel.
b) Mengetahui karakteristik prestasi mesin diesel.
E. KETERANGAN
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Makassar, .......................2014
I. PROSEDUR PENGUJIAN
= .............. kg/cm2
T1 = Temp. udara masuk = ........... 0C (hasil pengamatan)
= ............. K
k = cp/cv (lampiran)
cp = ............. (lampiran)
Cv = Cp-R
cp
k = ...................... = ........
cp R
R = konstanta Gas = 0,287 KJ/kg K
T2 = rk-1 . T1 = .............................
= ........... K
P3 .V3
ᾳ =
P2 .V2
.......
ᾳ =
.......
dimana : ᾳ = Laju ledakan
= Rasio perbandingan pemotongan
T3 = ......................... 0C = ………………… K
V3 = V2 . = ...................................................... = ........... cm3
dimana V2 = Volume ruang bakar
= ............................................ cm3 (data mesin)
Titik 3 - 4 (Langkah Kerja)
V3 K
P4 = P3 .( ) = ...............................................= ……........... kg/cm2
V1
T4 = ................ 0C (hasil pengamatan)
= ................ K
k
cp = R = ....................................
k 1
= ............... kJ/kg K
V1.P1
Mud = = ................................. = ................ kg
R.T1
dimana : R = Konstanta Gas = 2920 kgcm/ K
M ud
MBB = = ................................. =................... kg
AFR
dimana AFR = 14.4 (untuk mesin diesel putaran tinggi)
Qm = V2 . ρ . cp (T3 – T2)
dimana : V1 = Volume silinder (m3)
ρ = massa jenis udara masuk (kg/m3)
cp = panas jenis gas buang pada tekanan konstan (kJ/kg)
Qm = ............................
=………………………… KJ
Qk = ............................
= …………….…….. KJ
W = Qm - Qk
dimana : Qm = kalor masuk (kJ)
Qk = kalor keluar (kJ)
= ………………….
= ………………….kJ
= ……………… kg cm
W
Pe = = ............
VL
= ....... kg/cm2
Daya Efektif ( Ne )
n
Pe.ᴫ.(r2 ).L.( )a.z
60
Ne = 75.100
= ............................
= ........ PS = ......... kW
a = mesin diesel 4 tak adalah 0,5
L = langkah piston (stroke)
r = jari-jari silinder
n = putaran mesin per menit
z = jumlah silinder
632
Efisiensi thermal efektif (te) = = ....................
SFCxHB
= ............
Dimana : HB = Nilai kalor bahan bakar Diesel Oil = 10.800
Kcal/Liter
2. ma 1
vol = x
60.n a.vL
= ..............
Dimana :
ṁa = Laju aliran udara (Kg/H)
= 2.4238 x √ho x ρa
= ............. Kg/H
ho = P1
= ............. Kg/cm2
ρa = Kerapatan udara (Kg/m3)
P1
=
R.T 1
= ............... Kg/m3
VL = Volume Langkah (data mesin)
= .............. cm3
= ……………….
=………………. kW
= ……………..
= …………… kW
F. Kerugian Mekanis
Panas yang diserap oleh kerugian mekanis
(QMekanis) = Qm - (Ne + QAP + QGB+ Qoil)
= ..............................................
= ........ kW
G. Neraca Kalor
Ne
Prosentase Ne terhadap Qmtot = x100 %
Qm
= ...................
= ...... %
QAp
Prosentase QAP terhadap Qmtot = x100 %
Qm
= ...................
= ...... %
QGB
Prosentase QGB terhadap Qmtot = x100 %
Qm
= ...................
= ...... %
QM
Prosentase QM terhadap Qmtot = x100 %,
Qm
= ...................
= ...... %
Qoil
Prosentase Qoil terhadap Qmtot = x100 %,
Qm
= ...................
= ......... %
= .............. kg/cm2
T1 = Temp. udara masuk = ........... 0C (hasil pengamatan)
= ............. K
V1 = Volume silinder = ........... cm3 (data mesin)
k = cp/cv (lampiran)
cp = ............. (lampiran)
Cv = Cp-R
cp
k = ...................... = ........
cp R
R = konstanta Gas = 0,287 KJ/kg K
T2 = rk-1 . T1 = .............................
= ........... K
P3 .V3
ᾳ =
P2 .V2
.......
ᾳ =
.......
ANALISIS PRESTASI MESIN DIESEL 24
Laboratorium Permesinan Kapal 2017
T3 = ......................... 0C = ………………… K
V3 = V2 . = ...................................................... = ........... cm3
dimana V2 = Volume ruang bakar
= ............................................ cm3 (data mesin)
V1.P1
Mud = = ................................. = ................ kg
R.T1
dimana : R = Konstanta Gas = 2920 kgcm/ K
M ud
MBB = = ................................. =................... kg
AFR
dimana AFR = 14.4 (untuk mesin diesel putaran tinggi)
Qm = V2 . ρ . cp (T3 – T2)
dimana : V1 = Volume silinder (m3)
ρ = massa jenis udara masuk (kg/m3)
cp = panas jenis gas buang pada tekanan konstan (kJ/kg)
Qm = ............................
=………………………… KJ
Qk = ............................
= …………….…….. KJ
W = Qm - Qk
dimana : Qm = kalor masuk (kJ)
Qk = kalor keluar (kJ)
= ………………….
= ………………….kJ
= ……………… kg cm
W
Pe = = ............
VL
= ....... kg/cm2
Daya Efektif ( Ne )
n
Pe.ᴫ.(r2 ).L.( )a.z
60
Ne = 75.100
= ............................
= ........ PS = ......... kW
a = mesin diesel 4 tak adalah 0,5
L = langkah piston (stroke)
r = jari-jari silinder
n = putaran mesin per menit
z = jumlah silinder
632
Efisiensi thermal efektif (te) = = ....................
SFCxHB
= ............
Dimana : HB = Nilai kalor bahan bakar Diesel Oil = 10.800
Kcal/Liter
2. ma 1
vol = x
60.n a.vL
= ..............
Dimana :
ṁa = Laju aliran udara (Kg/H)
= 2.4238 x √ho x ρa
= ............. Kg/H
ho = P1
= ............. Kg/cm2
ρa = Kerapatan udara (Kg/m3)
P1
=
R.T 1
= ............... Kg/m3
= ……………….
=………………. kW
= ……………..
= …………… kW
F. Kerugian Mekanis
Panas yang diserap oleh kerugian mekanis
(QMekanis) = Qm - (Ne + QAP + QGB+ Qoil)
= ..............................................
= ........ kW
G. Neraca Kalor
Ne
Prosentase Ne terhadap Qmtot = x100 %
Qm
= ...................
= ...... %
QAp
Prosentase QAP terhadap Qmtot = x100 %
Qm
= ...................
= ...... %
QGB
Prosentase QGB terhadap Qmtot = x100 %
Qm
= ...................
= ...... %
QM
Prosentase QM terhadap Qmtot = x100 %,
Qm
= ...................
= ...... %
Qoil
Prosentase Qoil terhadap Qmtot = x100 %,
Qm
= ...................
= ......... %
= .............. kg/cm2
T1 = Temp. udara masuk = ........... 0C (hasil pengamatan)
= ............. K
V1 = Volume silinder = ........... cm3 (data mesin)
k = cp/cv (lampiran)
cp = ............. (lampiran)
Cv = Cp-R
cp
k = ...................... = ........
cp R
R = konstanta Gas = 0,287 KJ/kg K
T2 = rk-1 . T1 = .............................
= ........... K
P3 .V3
ᾳ =
P2 .V2
.......
ᾳ =
.......
dimana : ᾳ = Laju ledakan
= Rasio perbandingan pemotongan
T3 = ......................... 0C = ………………… K
V3 = V2 . = ...................................................... = ........... cm3
dimana V2 = Volume ruang bakar
= ............................................ cm3 (data mesin)
Titik 3 - 4 (Langkah Kerja)
V3 K
P4 = P3 .( ) = ...............................................= ……........... kg/cm2
V1
T4 = ................ 0C (hasil pengamatan)
= ................ K
k
cp = R = ....................................
k 1
= ............... kJ/kg K
V1.P1
Mud = = ................................. = ................ kg
R.T1
dimana : R = Konstanta Gas = 2920 kgcm/ K
M ud
MBB = = ................................. =................... kg
AFR
dimana AFR = 14.4 (untuk mesin diesel putaran tinggi)
Qm = V2 . ρ . cp (T3 – T2)
dimana : V1 = Volume silinder (m3)
ρ = massa jenis udara masuk (kg/m3)
cp = panas jenis gas buang pada tekanan konstan (kJ/kg)
Qm = ............................
=………………………… KJ
Qk = ............................
= …………….…….. KJ
W = Qm - Qk
dimana : Qm = kalor masuk (kJ)
Qk = kalor keluar (kJ)
= ………………….
= ………………….kJ
= ……………… kg cm
W
Pe = = ............
VL
= ....... kg/cm2
Daya Efektif ( Ne )
n
Pe.ᴫ.(r2 ).L.( )a.z
60
Ne = 75.100
= ............................
= ........ PS = ......... kW
a = mesin diesel 4 tak adalah 0,5
L = langkah piston (stroke)
r = jari-jari silinder
n = putaran mesin per menit
z = jumlah silinder
632
Efisiensi thermal efektif (te) = = ....................
SFCxHB
= ............
Dimana : HB = Nilai kalor bahan bakar Diesel Oil = 10.800
Kcal/Liter
2. ma 1
vol = x
60.n a.vL
= ..............
Dimana :
ṁa = Laju aliran udara (Kg/H)
= 2.4238 x √ho x ρa
= ............. Kg/H
ho = P1
= ............. Kg/cm2
ρa = Kerapatan udara (Kg/m3)
P1
=
R.T 1
= ............... Kg/m3
VL = Volume Langkah (data mesin)
= .............. cm3
= ……………….
=………………. kW
= ……………..
= …………… kW
F. Kerugian Mekanis
Panas yang diserap oleh kerugian mekanis
(QMekanis) = Qmtot - (Ne + QAP + QGB+ Qoil)
= ..............................................
= ........ kW
G. Neraca Kalor
Ne
Prosentase Ne terhadap Qmtot = x100 %
Qm
= ...................
= ...... %
QAp
Prosentase QAP terhadap Qmtot = x100 %
Qm
= ...................
= ...... %
QGB
Prosentase QGB terhadap Qmtot = x100 %
Qm
= ...................
= ...... %
QM
Prosentase QM terhadap Qmtot = x100 %,
Qm
= ...................
= ...... %
Qoil
Prosentase Qoil terhadap Qmtot = x100 %,
Qm
= ...................
= ......... %
6.2 Pembahasan
VII. PENUTUP
7.1 Kesimpulan
7.2 Saran
Lampiran
0
Suhu Lingkungan : C
No RPM Tekanan Temperatur Bahan Bakar Minyak Pelumas Temp. Air Pendingin Waktu Volume
Kotak Gas Buang Volume Temperatur Temp. Temp. Keluar Masuk (S) Air Air
Udara (0C) (cc) (0C) Awal Akhir 0
( C) (0C) Panas Pendingin
(atm) 0
( C) (0C) (x 10 -3 (x 10 -3
m)3 m 3)
1
2
3
0
Suhu Lingkungan : C
No RPM Tekanan Temperatur Bahan Bakar Minyak Pelumas Temp. Air Pendingin Waktu Volume
Kotak Gas Buang Volume Temperatur Temp. Temp. Keluar Masuk (S) Air Air
Udara (0C) (cc) (0C) Awal Akhir 0
( C) (0C) Panas Pendingin
(atm) (0C) (0C) (x 10 -3 (x 10 -3
m 3) m 3)
1
2
3
0
Suhu Lingkungan : C
No RPM Tekanan Temperatur Bahan Bakar Minyak Pelumas Temp. Air Pendingin Waktu Volume
Kotak Gas Buang Volume Temperatur Temp. Temp. Keluar Masuk (S) Air Air
Udara (0C) (cc) (0C) Awal Akhir 0
( C) (0C) Panas Pendingin
(atm) 0
( C) (0C) (x 10 -3 (x 10 -3
m)3 m 3)
1
2
3
0
Suhu Lingkungan : C
No RPM Tekanan Temperatur Bahan Bakar Minyak Pelumas Temp. Air Pendingin Waktu Volume
Kotak Gas Buang Volume Temperatur Temp. Temp. Keluar Masuk (S) Air Air
Udara (0C) (cc) (0C) Awal Akhir 0
( C) (0C) Panas Pendingin
(atm) (0C) (0C) (x 10 -3 (x 10 -3
m 3) m 3)
1
2
3