A.

Persamaan Diferensial Homogen

Selesaikan soal berikut menggunakan PDB homogen :
𝑥 + 4𝑦
2𝑥
Penyelesaian
𝑑𝑦 𝑥+4𝑦
Misal : 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑥 + 4 (𝑣. 𝑥)
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 + 4𝑣𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1+4𝑣
= - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - persamaan (1)
𝑑𝑥 2

Masukkan ke persamaan umum

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
=𝑣+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 + 4𝑣 𝑑𝑣
=𝑣+𝑥
2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 1 + 4𝑣
𝑥 = −𝑣
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑣 1 4𝑣
𝑥 = + −𝑣
𝑑𝑥 2 2
𝑑𝑣 1
𝑥 = + 2𝑣 − 𝑣
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑣 1
𝑥 = +𝑣
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑣 1 2𝑣
𝑥 = +
𝑑𝑥 2 2
𝑑𝑣 1 + 2𝑣
𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 2
2 1
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥
1 + 2𝑣 𝑥

Misalkan
𝑢 = 1 + 2𝑣
𝑑𝑢
=2
𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑢 = 2 𝑑𝑣
2 1
∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1 + 2𝑣 𝑥
1
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑢
ln(1 + 2𝑣) = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
B. Persamaan Diferensial Eksak
Contoh soal
1. Selesaikan soal berikut menggunakan persamaan diferensial eksak
(𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑦 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0
- F(x,y) = ∫ 𝑁 (𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + 𝑄(𝑥)
= ∫(4𝑦 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑦 + 𝑄(𝑥)
= 2𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑄(𝑥)

𝜕𝐹
𝜕𝑥
= 2𝑦 + 𝑄′(𝑥)

𝑥 + 2𝑦 =2𝑦 + 𝑄′(𝑥)

Q’(x) =x

𝑄(𝑥) =∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
1
= 𝑥2
2

1
F(x,y) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 2
2

- F (x,y) = ∫ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄(𝑦)

=∫(𝑥 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄(𝑦)
1
= 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑄(𝑦)
2

𝜕𝐹
𝜕𝑥
= 2𝑦 + 𝑄′(𝑦)

4𝑦 + 2𝑥 =2𝑦 + 𝑄′(𝑥)

Q’(y) = 4y

𝑄(𝑦) =∫ 4𝑦 𝑑𝑦

= 2𝑦 2
1
F(x,y) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 2
2