LAMPIRAN B

PERHITUNGAN NERACA ENERGI

Basis Perhitungan = 1 jam operasi

Suhu Referensi = 25oC = 298 K
Suhu Lingkunagan = 30oC = 303 K
Satuan perhitungan = kkal/jam
Steam yang digunakan adalah Saturated Steam Sumber: Reklaitis (1942)
Suhu = 140oC = 413 K
Tekanan = 3,1216 atm
Entalpi (H VL) = 2733,9 kJ/kg = 653,4178 kkal/kg
Entropi = 6,9299 kJ/kg.K = 1,655 kkal/kg.K
Volume Spesifik = 0,5089 m3/kg

Data kapasitas panas (Cp) dalam kkal/kg.0K Sumber: Perry (1999)

Cp C 12 H 22 O 11 = 0,3105
Cp CO 2 = 0,327

Cp Lemak = 0,262
Cp Protein = 0,435
Cp Serat = 0,614197
Cp Impurities = 0,477
Cp H 2 O (l) = 0,004T + 0,0001T1 – 3.10-7T2+ 3,1411.10-10T3
0,0081  2,3.10 6 T  7,8868.10 9 T 2
Cp H 2 O (g) =
 4,8868.10 12 T 3 dT  1,0283.10 15 T 4

Cp C 6 H12 O 6 = 0,3137

Cp NaOH = 0,2818
Cp Karbon aktif = 0,168
Cp NaCl = 0,2079
Cp HCl = 0,2113
Cp C 6 H12 O 6 . H2 O = 0,3195
Data panas reaksi pembentuken pada suhu 25oC dalam kkal/kmol
∆H R C 12 H22 O11 = -443,003 Sumber : Perry (1999)
∆H R C 6 H 12 O 6 = -235,51
∆H R H 2 O = -68,317
∆H R HCl = -40,023
∆H R NaOH = -112,236

∆H R NaCl = -97,302

1. Mixer (MX)
Fungsi: Melarutkan tepung ubi kayu menjadi slurry
H2O
Fasa padat
Fasa cair
Lemak 2
Lemak
Impuritis
Impuritis
Serat
1 3 Serat
Protein MX

Pati 30oC, 1 atm Protein

Pati
Fasa Cair
C6H12O6.
C6H12O6.
H2O
H2O
30oC, 1 atm
30oC, 1 atm

Neraca Energi Total

Panas masuk = Panas keluar
Q1 + Q2 = Q3
Panas masuk
 Q1
QC1 12 H 22O11 = FC112H 22O11 x  CpC 12H 22O 11 dT

= 1.249,155 kg/jam x 0,3105 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 1.939,3125 kkal/jam
QH1 2O = FH1 2O x  Cp H 2O dT

0,004T  0,0001T 1  3.10 7 T 2


303
= 1.989,504 kg/jam x
298
 3,1411.10 10 T 3 dT
= 154,0245 kkal/jam
 1
Qlemak 1
= Flemak x  Cp lemak dT

= 52,9125 kg/jam x 0,262 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 68,7862 kkal/jam

QPr1 otein = FPr1 otein x  Cp protein dT

= 141,8050 kg/jam x 0,435 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 308,4255 kkal/jam
1
QImpuritis 1
= FImpuritis x  Cp impuritis dT

= 52,9125 kg/jam x 0,477 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 126,1965 kkal/jam
1
QSerat 1
= FSerat x  Cp serat dT

= 429,225 kg/jam x 0,614197 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 1.318,143 kkal/jam
Q 1
C6 H12O6 = FC1 6H 12O 6 x  CpC 6H 12O 6 dT

= 317,4735 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 497,9565 kkal/jam
 Q2

QH2 2O = FH22O x  Cp H 2O dT

0,004T  0,0001T 1  3.10 7 T 2


303
= 7.861,266 kg/jam x
298
 3,1411.10 10 T 3 dT
= 608,592 kkal/jam
Panas keluar
 Q3

QC312 H 22O11 = FC312H 22O11 x  CpC 12H 22O 11 dT

= 1.249,155 kg/jam x 0,3105 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 1.939,3125 kkal/jam
Q H3 2O = FH1 2O x  Cp H 2O dT

0,004T  0,0001T 1  3.10 7 T 2


303
= 9.850,77 kg/jam x
298
 3,1411.10 10 T 3 dT
= 762,6130 kkal/jam
 3
Qlemak 3
= Flemak x  Cp lemak dT

= 52,9125 kg/jam x 0,262 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 68,7862 kkal/jam

QPr3 otein = FPr3 otein x  Cp protein dT

= 141,805 kg/jam x 0,435 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 308,4255 kkal/jam
3
QImpuritis 3
= FImpuritis x  Cpimpuritis dT

= 52,9125 kg/jam x 0,477 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 126,1965 kkal/jam

F 3 x  Cpserat dT
3
QSerat = Serat

= 429,225 kg/jam x 0,614197 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 1.318,143 kkal/jam
Q 3
C6 H12O6 = C36 H12O6  C6H12O6
F x Cp dT

= 317,4735 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 497,9565 kkal/jam

Tabel LB.1 Hasil Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Mixer (MX)

Masuk (kkal/jam) Keluar (kkal/jam)
Komponen
alur (1) alur (2) alur (3)
Pati 1.939,3125 1.939,3125
Air 154,0245 608,592 762,6130
Lemak 68,7862 68,7862
Protein 308,4255 308,4255
Impuritis 126,1965 126,1965
Serat 1.318,143 1.318,143
Glukosa 497,9565 497,9565
4.412,9447 608,592 5.021,4367
Total
5.021,4367 5.021,4367
2. Reaktor Hidrolisa (RH)
Fungsi: Menghidrolisa pati (C 12 H 22 O 11 ) menjadi sirup glukosa (3C 6 H 12 O 6 )
dengan bantuan HCl.
Steam 1400C
3,121 atm
Fasa Padat
Fasa Cair HCl 95% H2O Lemak
Lemak H2 O
30oC, 1 atm Impuritis
Impuritis 30oC, 1 atm
4 5 Serat
Serat
Protein
Protein
Pati
Pati 3 RH 6
Fasa Cair
C6H12O6. o
135 C, 1 atm
C6H12O6.
H2O

H2O
30oC, 1 atm
HCl
135oC, 1 atm
Kondensat

Reaksi Hidrolisa:
HCl
C 6 H 12 O 6 + C 12 H 22 O 11 + H 2 O 3 C 6 H 12 O6

Neraca Panas Total

Panas masuk = Panas keluar
Q 3 + Q 4 + Q 5 Q steam + Q R = Q 6
Panas masuk
 Q3
Q3 Analaog perhitungan Q3 pada LB.1
Q3 = 5.021,4367 kkal/jam
4
 Q

F4 x Cp dT

4
QHCl = HCl HCl

= 402,1335 kg/jam x 0,2113 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 84,9705 kkal/jam
Q 4
H 2O = FH42O x  Cp H 2O dT

0,004T  0,0001T 1  3.10 7 T 2


303
= 21,165 kg/jam x
298
 3,1411.10 10 T 3 dT
= 1,638 kkal/jam
Q4 = 86,6085 kkal/jam
 Q5
QH5 2O = FH52O x  Cp H 2O dT

0,004T  0,0001T 1  3.10 7 T 2


303
= 65,8035 kg/jam x
298
 3,1411.10 10 T 3 dT
= 5,0943 kkal/jam
 Panas Reaksi (Q R )
∆H R 298 = 3 H 0 f C 6 H 12 O6
- ( H 0 f C6 H12 O6 + H 0 f C12 H 22 O11 + H 0 f H 2 O )

= 3 (166.777,8195) – ((-313.715,232) + (-48.379,0933) +

(-166.777,8195))
= (-500.333,4585 kkal/jam) – (-528.872,145 kkal/jam)
QR = 28.538,6865 kkal/jam

Panas masuk = 5.021,4367 kkal/jam + 86,6085 kkal/jam + 5,0943 kkal/jam +

28.538,6865 kkal/jam
= 33.651,826 kkal/jam

Panas keluar
 Q6
QC612 H 22O11 = FC612 H 22 O11 x  CpC12H22O11 xdT

= 124,9155 kg/jam x 0,3105 kkal/kg K x (408 – 298)

= 4.266,4888 kkal/jam
Q 6
H 2O =F 6
H 2O x  Cp H 2O dT

 373 408

 
= 9.937,7385 kg/jam x   CpH 2O(l)  373 K   CpH 2 O( g )  kkal/kg
 298 373 

 3730,004T  0,0001T 1  3.10 7 T 2 

  
 298  3,1411.10 10 T3 dT 
 
= 9.937,7385 kg/jam x  539,450 kkal / kg  
 408 0,0081  2,3.10 6 T  7,8868.10 9 T 2 
  
373 12 15 
  4,8868.10 T dT  1,0283.10 T dT 
3 4

= 5.376.658,464 kkal/jam
 6
Qlemak 6
= Flemak x  Cplemak dT

= 52,9125 kg/jam x 0,262 kkal/kg K x (408 – 298)

= 1.524,9382 kkal/jam
Q 6
Pr otein = Pr6 otein  protein
F x Cp dT

= 141,805 kg/jam x 0,435 kkal/kg K x (408 – 298)

= 6.785,3715 kkal/jam
Q 6
Impuritis
6
= FImpuritis x  Cp impuritis dT

= 52,9125 kg/jam x 0,477 kkal/kg K x (408 – 298)

= 2.776,3185 kkal/jam
F 6 x  Cpserat dT
6
Q Serat = Serat

= 429,225 kg/jam x 0,614197 kkal/kg K x (408 – 298)

= 28.999,158 kkal/jam
Q 6
C6 H12O6 = C66 H12O6  C6H12O6
F x Cp dT

= 317,4735 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (408 – 298)

= 10.955,058 kkal/jam

F 6 x  CpHCl dT
6
Q HCl = HCl

= 402,1335 kg/jam x 0,2113 kkal/kg K x (408 – 298)

= 9.346,7889 kkal/jam
Q6 = 6.575.967,716 kkal/jam
QSteam = Panas keluar – panas masuk

QSteam = 5.441.380,086 - 22.434,5507 kkal/jam

= 5.407.728,26 kkal/jam
Maka jumlah Saturated steam yang dibutuhkan:
QSteam = m steam . (H VL)

5.407.728,26 kkal/jam = m steam x 512,612 kkal/kg

m steam = 10.549,359 kg/jam
Maka kebutuhan steam untuk Reaktor Hidrolisa sebanyak 10.549,359 kg/jam
Tabel LB.2 Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Reaktor Hidrolisa (RH)
Keluar
Masuk (kkal/jam)
Komponen (kkal/jam)
alur (3) alur (4) alur (5) alur (6)
Pati 1.939,3125 4.266,4888
Air 762,613 1,638 5,0943 5.376.658,464
Lemak 68,7862 1.524,9382
Protein 308,4255 6.785,3715
Impuritis 126,1965 2.776,3185
Serat 1.318,143 28.999,158
Glukosa 497,9565 10.955,058
HCl 84,9705 9.346,7889
Panas reaksi 28.538,6865
Steam 5.407.728,26
5.021,4367 86,6085 5.436.272,04 5.441.380,086
Total
5.441.380,086 5.441.380,086

3. Cooler (CO)
Fungsi : Menurunkan temperatur larutan C 6 H 12 O 6 yang keluar dari tangki
hidrolisa

Air Pendingin
200C
6 7
CO
Fasa Cair o
50 C, 1 atm Fasa Cair
C6H12O6
H2O C6H12O6
H2O
HCl
HCl
Fasa Padat
Fasa Padat
Pati
Air Pendingin Pati
Protein
Bekas Protein
Lemak 400C Lemak
Impuritis
Impuritis
135oC, 1 atm
50oC, 1 atm

Neraca Panas Total

Panas masuk = Panas keluar

Q6 + Q air pendingin = Q 7
Panas masuk
 Q6
Q6 Analog perhitungan Q6 pada LB.2
Q6 = 5.441.380,086 kkal/jam
Panas keluar
 Q7
QC712 H 22O11 = C12 H 22O11  C12H22 O11 dT
F7 x Cp

= 124,9155 kg/jam x 0,3105 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 969,6565 kkal/jam
Q 7
H 2O FH72O x  Cp H 2O dT
=
 323 
= 9.947,6865 kg/jam x   CpH 2 O(l ) dT  kkal/kg
 298 
 3230,004T  0,0001T 1  3.10 7 T 2 
= 9.947,6865 kg/jam x   10 3



298
 3,1411.10 T dT 
= 12.812,6205 kkal/jam

7
Qlemak 7
= Flemak x  Cplemak dT

= 52,9125 kg/jam x 0.262 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 346,5768 kkal/jam
Q 7
Pr otein = Pr7 otein  protein
F x Cp dT

= 141,805 kg/jam x 0,435 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 1.542,1299 kkal/jam
Q 7
Impuritis
7
= FImpuritis x  Cp impuritis dT

= 52,9125 kg/jam x 0,477 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 630,981 kkal/jam
Q 7
Serat
7
= FSerat x  Cp serat dT

= 429,225 kg/jam x 0,614197 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 6.590,718 kkal/jam
Q 7
C6 H12O6 = C76 H12O6  C6 H12O6
F x Cp dT

= 1.778,474 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 13.947,6865 kkal/jam
F 7 x  CpHCl dT
7
Q HCl = HCl

= 402,1335 kg/jam x 0,2113 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 2.124,27 kkal/jam
Q7 = 38.964,6393 kkal/jam
 Panas yang dilepaskan:
Q Air pendingin = Q7 – Q6
= 38.964,6393 kkal/jam – 5.441.380,086 kkal/jam
= - 5.402.415,447 kkal/jam = - 22.603.706,24 kJ/jam
Kondisi masuk air pendingin pada T= 25oC
Kondisi air pendingin keluar T = 40oC
H (250C) = 104,8 kJ/kg
H (400C) = 167,4 kJ/kg
Jumlah air pendingin yang diperlukan:
Q 22.603.706,24 kJ / jam
m   361.081,569 kg/jam
H (40 C )  H ( 25 C )
0 0
(167,4 104,8) kJ / kg

Tabel LB.3 Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Cooler (CO)

Masuk (kkal/jam) Keluar (kkal/jam)
Komponen
Alur (6) alur (7)
Pati 4.266,4888 969,6565
Air 5.376.658,464 12.812,6205
Lemak 1.524,9382 346,5768
Protein 6.785,3715 1.542,1299
Impuritis 2.776,3185 630,981
Serat 28.999,158 6.590,718
Glukosa 10.955,058 13.947,6865
HCl 9.346,7889 2.124,27
Air pendingin - 5.402.415,447
Total 38.964,6393 38.964,6393
4. Filter Press – 01 (FP-01)
Fungsi: Memisahkan sisa pati, protein, lemak, impuritis dan karbon aktif yang
bercampur di dalam larutan C 6 H 12 O 6.

Fasa Padat Fasa Cair

7 9
Pati FP C6H12O6
Protein 50oC, 1 atm H2 O
Lemak HCl
Fasa Padat 50oC, 1 atm
Impuritis
Pati
Serat
8 Protein
Fasa Cair
Lemak
C6H12O6.
Impuritis
H2 O
Serat
HCl
Fasa Cair
NaCl
C6H12O6.
50oC, 1 atm
H2 O
HCl
NaCl
50oC, 1 atm

Neraca Panas Total

Panas masuk = Panas keluar
Q7 = Q8 + Q9

Panas Masuk:
 Q7
Q7 analog perhitungan LB.3 = 38.964,6393 kkal /jam

Panas keluar
 Q8
QC812 H 22O11 = C12 H 22O11  C12 H 22 O11 dT
8
F x Cp

= 124,9155 kg/jam x 0,3105 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 969,6565 kkal/jam
= FH 2O x  Cp H 2O dT
8 8
Q H 2O

 323 
= 9,9477 kg/jam x   CpH 2 O(l ) dT  kkal/kg

 298 
 3230,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2 
= 9,9477 kg/jam x   10 3



298
 3,1411.10 T dT
 = 12,813 kkal/jam
Q8
lemak
8
= Flemak x  Cplemak dT

= 52,9125 kg/jam x 0.262 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 346,5768 kkal/jam
Q8
Pr otein = Pr8 otein  protein
F x Cp dT

= 141,805 kg/jam x 0,435 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 1.542,1299 kkal/jam
Q8
Impuritis
8
= FImpuritis x  Cp impuritis dT

= 52,9125 kg/jam x 0,477 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 630,981 kkal/jam
Q8
Serat
8
= FSerat x  Cp serat dT

= 429,225 kg/jam x 0,614197 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 6.590,718 kkal/jam
Q8
C6 H12O6 = C86 H12O6  C6H12O6
F x Cp dT

= 1,7784 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 13,947 kkal/jam
F 8 x  CpHCl dT
8
Q HCl = HCl

= 0,402 kg/jam x 0,2113 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 2,1235 kkal/jam
Q8 = 10.108,9455 kkal/jam

 Q9
QH9 2O = FH92O x  Cp H 2O dT

 323 
= 9.937,7385 kg/jam x   CpH 2 O(l ) dT  kkal/kg
 
 298 
 3230,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2 
= 9.937,7385 kg/jam x   10 3



298
 3,1411.10 T dT
= 12.799,8075 kkal/jam
QC96 H12O6 = FC96 H12O6 x  CpC6H12O6 dT

= 1.776,696 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 13.933,7385 kkal/jam
F 9 x  CpHCl dT
9
Q HCl = HCl

= 401,7315 kg/jam x 0,2113 kkal/kg K x (323 – 298)

= 2.122,146 kkal/jam
Q9 = 28.855,692 kkal/jam

Tabel LB.4 Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Filter press-01 (FP-01)

Masuk (kkal/jam) Keluar (kkal/jam)
Komponen
alur (7) alur (8) alur (9)
Pati 969,6565 969,6565
Air 12.812,6205 12,813 12.799,8075
Lemak 346,5768 346,5768
Protein 1.542,1299 1.542,1299
Impuritis 630,981 630,981
Serat 6.590,718 6.590,718
Glukosa 13.947,6865 13,947 13.947,285
HCl 2.124,27 2,1235 2.122,146
38.964,6393 10.108,9455 28.855,692
Total
38.964,6393 38.964,6393

5. Reaktor Netralisasi (RN)

Fungsi: Menetralkan suasana asam di dalam larutan C 6 H 12 O 6.
Fasa cair
Steam 1400C NaOH
3,1216 atm
10 H2O

Fasa Cair
9 11
RN C6H12O6
o
60 C, 1 atm H 2O
Fasa Cair
NaCl
C6H12O6.
60 oC, 1 atm
H 2O
60 oC, 1 atm

Kondensat

Reaksi: HCl + NaOH NaCl + H 2 O

Neraca Panas Total
Panas masuk = Panas keluar
Q9 + Q10 + Q steam + Q R = Q11
Panas masuk
 Q9
Q9 analog perhitungan LB.4 = 28.855,692 kkal /jam

 Q10
Q10
NaOH = NaOH
10
 NaOH dT
F x Cp

= 440,76 kg/jam x 0,2818 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 621,0307 kkal/jam
Q 10
H 2O = FH102O x  Cp H 2O dT

 303 
= 23,1975 kg/jam x   CpH 2 O(l ) dT  kkal/kg
 298 
 3030,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2 
= 23,1975 kg/jam x   10 3


  3,1411.10 T dT
298



= 1,7955 kkal/jam
Q10 = 622,8255 kkal/jam

 QR
∆H R 298 = ( H 0 f NaCl
+ H 0 f H 2 O ) - ( H 0 f HCl
+ H 0 f NaOH
)

= (-131.054,7749 kkal/jam) – (-120.482,2422 kkal/jam)

QR = -10.572,5326 kkal/jam

Panas masuk = 28.855,692 kkal/jam + 622,8255 kkal/jam – 10.572,532 kkal/jam

= 18.905,985 kkal/jam

Panas keluar:
 Q11
QC116 H12O6 = FC116H 12O6 x  CpC 6H 12O 6 dT

= 1.774,92 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (333 – 298)

= 19.487,734 kkal/jam
Q11
NaCl
11
= FNaCl x  Cp NaCl dT

= 644,0605 kg/jam x 0,2079 kkal/kg K x (333 – 298)

= 4.686,5055 kkal/jam
Q 11
H 2O = FH112O x  Cp H 2O dT

 333 
= 10.171,0909 kg/jam x   CpH 2 O(l ) dT  kkal/kg
 298 
 333 0,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2 
 
= 610.171,0909 kg/jam x   10 3 
  3,1411.10 T dT 
298

= 14.798,937 kkal/jam
Q11 = 38.973,177 kkal/jam

QSteam = Panas keluar – panas masuk

QSteam = 20.067,1915 kkal/jam

Maka jumlah saturated steam yang dibutuhkan

QSteam = m steam . (H VL)

20.067,1915 kkal/jam = m steam x 512,612 kkal/kg

m steam = 39,147 kg/jam

Maka kebutuhan steam untuk Reaktor Netralisasi sebanyak 39,147 kg/jam

Tabel LB. 5 Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Reaktor Netralisasi (RN)

Masuk (kkal/jam) Keluar (kkal/jam)
Komponen
alur (9) alur (10) alur (11)
Air 12.799,8075 1,7955 14.798,937
Glukosa 13.933,7385 19.487,734
HCl 2.122,146
NaOH 621,030
NaCl 4.686,5055
Panas reaksi -10.572,5326
Steam 20.067,1915
38.350,3515 622,8255 38.973,177
Total
38.973,177 38.973,177
6. Tangki Dekanter (DK)
Fungsi: Memisahkan NaCl yang bercampur di dalam larutan C 6 H 12 O6.

11 13 Fasa Cair
DK
o C6H12O6
Fasa Cair 60 C, 1 atm
H2 O
C6H12O6.
60oC, 1 atm
H2 O Fasa Cair

NaCl C6H12O6.
12
60oC, 1 atm H2 O
NaCl
60oC, 1 atm

Neraca Panas Total

Panas masuk = Panas keluar
Q11 = Q12 + Q13 Q11

Panas masuk
 Q11
Q11 analog perhitungan LB.5 = 38.973,177kkal /jam

Panas keluar
 Q12
QC126 H12O6 = FC126H 12O6 x  CpC 6H 12O 6 dT

= 1,7749 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (333 – 298)K

= 19,488 kkal/jam
Q 12
H 2O = FH122O x  Cp H 2O dT

 333 
= 10,1712 kg/jam x   CpH 2 O(l ) dT  kkal/kg

 298 
 3330,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2 
= 10,1712 kg/jam x   10 3


  3,1411.10 T dT
298


= 14,799 kkal/jam
F 12 x  Cp NaCl dT
12
Q NaCl = NaCl

= 644,059 kg/jam x 0.2079 kkal/kg K x (333 – 298)

= 4.686,495 kkal/jam
Q12 = 4.720,782 kkal/jam
 Q13

QC136 H12O6 = FC136H 12O6 x  CpC 6H 12O 6 dT

= 1.773,144 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (333 – 298)K

= 19.468,2345 kkal/jam
= FH 2O x  Cp H 2O dT
13 13
Q H 2O

 333 
= 10.160,9197 kg/jam x   CpH 2 O(l ) dT  kkal/kg
 298 
 3330,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2 
= 10.160,9197 kg/jam x   10 3



298
 3,1411.10 T dT 

= 14.784,138 kkal/jam
Q13 = 34.252,3725 kkal/jam

Tabel LB.6 Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Tangki Dekanter (DK)

Masuk (kkal/jam) Keluar (kkal/jam)
Komponen
alur (11) alur (12) alur (13)
Air 14.798,937 14,799 14.784,138
Glukosa 19.487,734 19,488 19.468,2345
NaCl 4.686,5055 4.686,495
38.973,177 4.720,782 34.252,3725
Total
38.973,177 38.973,177

7. Tangki Decolorizing (TD)

Fungsi: Menghilangkan zat warna yang ada didalam larutan C 6 H 12 O 6 dengan
menggunakan Karbon Aktif

Steam 140 0C Karbon Aktif

3,1216 atm
14

Fasa Cair
13 15
TD C6H12O6
Fasa Cair 80oC, 1 atm H2O
C6H12O6. Fasa Padat
H2O Karbon Aktif
60oC, 1 atm 80oC, 1 atm

Kondensat
Neraca Panas Total
Panas masuk = Panas keluar
Q14 + Q13 + Q steam = Q15

Panas masuk
 Q13
Q13 analog perhitungan LB.6 = 34.252,3725 kkal /jam

 Q14

14
QKarbonAktif KarbonAktif Karbon Aktif dT
14
=F x Cp

= 93,1257 kg/jam x 0,168 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 78,225 kkal/jam
Panas keluar
 Q15

QC156 H12O6 = FC156H 12O6 x  CpC 6H 12O 6 dT

= 1.773,144 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (353 – 298)

= 30.592,9395 kkal/jam
Q 15
H 2O F 15 x  Cp H 2O dT
= H 2O
 353 
= 10.160,9197 kg/jam x   CpH 2 O(l ) dT  kkal/kg

 298 
 3530,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2 
= 10.160,9197 kg/jam x   10 3



298
 3,1411.10 T dT 

= 8.718,0585 kkal/jam
x  CpKarbon Aktif
15
Q = KarbonAktif dT
KarbonAktif
F 15

= 93,1257 kg/jam x 0,168 kkal/kg K x (353 – 298)K

= 860,481 kkal/jam
Q15 = 40.171,479 kkal/jam
QSteam = Panas keluar – panas masuk

QSteam = 5.840,881 kkal/jam

Maka jumlah saturated steam yang dibutuhkan
QSteam = m steam . (H VL)

5.840,8815 kkal/jam = m steam x 512,612 kkal/kg

m steam = 11,394 kg/jam

Maka kebutuhan steam untuk Tangki Decolorizing sebanyak 11,394 kg/jam

Tabel LB.7 Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Tangki Decolorzing (TD)

Masuk (kkal/jam) Keluar (kkal/jam)
Komponen
alur (13) alur (14) alur (15)
Air 14.784,138 8.718,0585
Glukosa 19.468,2345 30.592,9395
Karbon Aktif 78,225 860,481
Steam 5.840,8815
40.093,254 78,225 40.171,479
Total
40.171,479 40.171,479

8. Filter Press-02 (FP-02)

Fungsi: Memisahkan karbon aktif, NaCl yang bercampur di dalam larutan
C 6 H 12 O 6

15 17 Fasa Cair
FP-02
o C6H12O6
Fasa Padat 80 C, 1 atm
H2O
Karbon Aktif
80oC, 1 atm
Fasa Cair Fasa Padat

C6H12O6. Karbon Aktif

16
H2O
Fasa Cair

80oC, 1 atm C6H12O6.

H2O
80oC, 1 atm

Neraca Panas Total

Panas masuk = Panas keluar
Q15 = Q16 + Q17

Panas masuk
 Q15
Q15 analog perhitungan LB.7 = 40.171.479 kkal /jam
Panas keluar
 Q16
QC166 H12O6 = FC166H 12O6 x  CpC 6H 12O 6 dT

= 1,773 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (353 – 298)

= 30,5925 kkal/jam
Q 16
H 2O = FH162O x  Cp H 2O dT

 353 
= 10,1608 kg/jam x   CpH 2 O(l ) dT  kkal/kg

 298 
 3530,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2 
= 10,1608 kg/jam x   10 3



298
 3,1411.10 T dT 

= 8,718 kkal/jam
x  CpKarbon Aktif
16
Q = KarbonAktif dT
KarbonAktif
F 16

= 93,1257 kg/jam x 0,168 kkal/kg K x (353 – 298)

= 860,481 kkal/jam
Q16 = 899,7915 kkal/jam

 Q17
QC176 H12O6 = FC176H 12O6 x  CpC 6H 12O 6 dT

= 1.771,371 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (353 – 298)K

= 30.562,3495 kkal/jam
Q 17
H 2O F 17 x  Cp H 2O dT
= H 2O
 353 
= 10.150,7589 kg/jam x   CpH 2 O(l ) dT  kkal/kg

 298 
 3530,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2 
= 10.150,7589 kg/jam x   10 3



298
 3,1411.10 T dT 

= 8.709,3405 kkal/jam
Q17 = 39.271,69 kkal/jam
Tabel LB.8 Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Filter Press-02 (FP-02)
Masuk (kkal/jam) Keluar (kkal/jam)
Komponen
alur (15) alur (16) alur (17)
Air 8.718,0585 8,718 8.709,3405
Glukosa 30.592,9395 30,5925 30.562,3495
Karbon Aktif 860,481 860,481
40.171,479 899,7915 39.271,69
Total
40.171,479 40.171,479

9. Evaporator (EV)
Fungsi: Memekatkan larutan C 6 H 12 O6

Fasa Uap Steam 1400C

H 2O 3,126 atm
18
120oC, 1 atm

17 19
EV
120oC, 1 atm Fasa Cair
Fasa Cair
C6H12O6. C6H12O6
H 2O H 2O
80oC, 1 atm 120oC, 1 atm

kondensat

Neraca Panas Total

Panas masuk = Panas keluar
Q17 + Q steam = Q18 + Q19

Panas masuk
 Q17
Q17 analog perhitungan LB.8 = 39.271,69 kkal /jam

Panas keluar
 Q18
Q18
H 2O = FH182O x  Cp H 2O dT

 373 393

 
= 7.917,5919 kg/jam x   CpH2O(l ) dT   CpH 2 O( g ) dT  413K  kkal/kg
 298 373 
  3730,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2 
  
 298  3,1411.10 10 T3 dT 
 
= 7.917,5919 kg/jam x  539,450 kkal / kg  
 3930,0081  2,3.10 6 T  7,8868.10 9 T 2 
  
373 
  4,8868.10 T dT  1,0283.10 T dT 
12 3 15 4

= 4.281.352,31 kkal/jam

 Q19
QC196 H12O6 = FC196H 12O6 x  CpC 6H 12O 6 dT

= 1.771,371 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (393 – 298)

= 52.789,515 kkal/jam
Q 19
H 2O = FH192O x  Cp H 2O dT

 373 393

 
= 2.233,167 kg/jam x   CpH 2O(l)   373 K   2  kkal/kg
CpH O( g )
 298 373 

 3730,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2 

 
 298  3,1411.10 10 T3 dT


 
= 2.233,167 kg/jam x  512,612 kkal / kg  
 3930,0081  2,3.10 6 T  7,8868.10 9 T 2 
  
373 12 3
 15 4 
 4,8868.10 T dT 1,0283.10 T dT 
= 1.147.627,202 kkal/jam
Q19 = 1.200.416,717 kkal/jam

Panas keluar = Q18 + Q19

= 4.284.352,31 kkal/jam + 1.200.416,717 kkal/jam
= 5.481.769,026 kkal/jam
QSteam = Panas keluar – panas masuk

QSteam = 3.628.331,557 kkal/jam

Maka jumlah saturated steam yang dibutuhkan

QSteam = m steam . (H VL)

5.442.497,336 kkal/jam = m steam x 512,612 kkal/kg

m steam = 10.617,186 kg/jam
maka kebutuhan steam untuk Evaporator sebanyak 10.617,186 kg/jam

Tabel LB.9 Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Evaporator (EV)

Masuk (kkal/jam) Keluar (kkal/jam)
Komponen
alur (17) alur (18) alur (19)
Air 8.709,3405 1.147.627,202
Glukosa 30.562,3495 52.789,515
Uap Air 4.281.352,31
Steam 5.442.497,336
5.481.769,026 4.281.352,31 1.200.416,717
Total
5.481.769,026 5.481.769,026

10. Crystallizer (CR)

Fungsi : Mengubah larutan C 6 H 12 O 6 . menjadi kristal C 6 H 12 O6 .H 2 O

N2
0
0 C, 1atm
19 CR 20
30oC, 1 atm Fasa Padat
Fasa Cair
C6H12O6 C6H12O6
H2O N2 H2O

120oC, 1 atm 300C, 1atm 30oC, 1 atm

Neraca Panas Total

Panas masuk = Panas keluar
19
Q + Q N2 = Q20

Panas masuk
 Q19
Q19 analog perhitungan LB.9 = 1.200.416,717 kkal /jam

Panas keluar
 Q20
QC206 H12O6 H 2O = FC206 H12 O 6 H 2O x  Cp C6 H12O6 .H 2O dT

= 1.948,548 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 3.056,2974 kkal/jam
QH202O = FH202O x  Cp H 2O dT

0,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2


303
= 2.055,99 kg/jam x
298
 3,1411.10 10 T 3 dT
= 159,168 kkal/jam
Q20 = 3.215,4645 kkal/jam

QN202 = Q20- Q19

= 3.215,4645 kkal/jam - 1.200.416,717 kkal/jam
= - 1.197.201,252 kkal/jam

Kondisi masuk N 2 pendingin pada T= 25oC = 273 K

Kondisi keluar N 2 pendingin bekas T = 30oC = 303 K
Maka jumlah N 2 pendingin yang dibutuhkan
 303 
N N x   Cp N 2 ( g )dT  kkal/kg

Q 2 =F 2

 298 
303
6,5T  0,001T  dT kkal/kg

=F
N2
273
1.197.201,252 kkal/jam = FN 2 (203,64) kkal/kg

FN 2 = 11.134,678 kg/jam
N 2 yang digunakan kedalam Crystalizer sebanyak 11.134,678 kg/jam

Tabel LB.10 Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Crystalizer (CR)

Komponen Masuk (kkal/jam) Keluar (kkal/jam)
alur (19) alur (20)
Air 1.147.627,202 159,168
Glukosa 52.789,515
C 6 H 12 O 6. H 2 O 3.056,2974
N2 - 1.197.201,252
Total 3.215,4654 3.215,4654
11. Screw Conveyor (SC)
Fungsi : Mengubah / mengecilkan ukuran kristal C 6 H 12 O6. H 2 O

20 SC 21
o
30 C, 1 atm Fasa Padat
Fasa Padat
C6H12O6.H2O C6H12O6.H2O
H2O H2O
30oC, 1 atm 30oC, 1 atm

Neraca Panas Total

Panas masuk = Panas keluar
Q20 = Q21

Panas masuk
 Q20
Q20 analog perhitungan LB.10 = 3.215,4654 kkal/jam

Panas keluar
 Q21
QC216 H12O6 H 2O = FC216 H12O6 H 2O x  Cp C6 H12O6 .H 2O dT

= 1.948,548 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 3.056,298 kkal/jam
Q 21
H 2O FH212O x  Cp H 2O dT
=
0,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2

303
= 2.055.99 kg/jam x
298
 3,1411.10 10 T 3 dT
= 159,168 kkal/jam
Q21 = 3.215,466 kkal/jam

Tabel LB. 11 Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Screw Conveyor (SC)

Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen
alur (20) alur (21)
Air 159,168 159,168
C 6 H 12 O 6. H 2 O 3.056,2974 3.056,2974
Total 3.215,4654 3.215,4654
12. Rotary Dryer (RD)
Fungsi: Mengurangi kadar air yang terkandung dalam C 6 H 12 O 6. H 2 O

Uap air + udara 22

110oC, 1 atm
21 RD 23
110oC, 1 atm Fasa Padat
Fasa Padat
C6H12O6.H2O
C6H12O6.H2O = 0,995
H2O
H2O = 0,005
110oC, 1 atm
30oC, 1 atm

Udara Panas
2000C

Neraca Panas Total

Panas masuk = Panas keluar
Q21 + Q udara panas = Q22 + Q23
Panas masuk
 Q21

Q21 analog perhitungan LB.11 = 3.215,4654 kkal/jam

Panas keluar
 Q22
yang menguap = Fair yang menguap x  Cp H 2 O dT
22 22
Qair

 373 383

 
= 2.046,1987 kg/jam x   CpH 2O(l)  373 K   2  kkal/kg
CpH O( g )
 298 373 

 3730,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2 

  
 298  3,1411.10 10 T3 dT 
 
= 2.046,1987 kg/jam x  539,450 kkal / kg  
 3830,0081  2,3.10 6 T  7,8868.10 9 T 2 
  
  4,8868.10 12 T 3 dT  1,0283.10 15 T 4 dT 
 373 
= 1.106.342,628 kkal/jam
Q22 = 1.106.342,628 kkal/jam

QC236 H12O6 H 2O = FC236 H12O6 H 2O x  Cp C6 H12O6 .H 2O dT

= 1.948,548 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (383 – 298)

= 51.957,057 kkal/jam
Q H232O = FH232O x  Cp H 2O dT

0,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2


303
= 6,5278 kg/jam x
298
 3,1411.10 10 T 3 dT
= 0,505 kkal/jam
Q23 = 34.638,038 kkal/jam + 0,505 kkal/jam
= 34.638,543 kkal/jam

Panas keluar = 1.106.342,628 kkal/jam + 51.957,8145 kkal/jam

= 1.158.300,443 kkal/jam
Q udara = Panas keluar – Panas masuk
= 1.158.300,443 kkal/jam - 3.215,4654 kkal/jam
= 1.155.084,977 kkal/jam = 4.832.875,542 kJ/jam

Banyaknya kebutuhan udara yang diperlukan untuk proses adalah sebagai berikut:
Q
m Udara  473

 Cp
383
Udara dT

Dimana :

Cp Udara (110 oC) = 1,0115 kJ/kg.K (Geankoplis,1983)

Cp Udara (200 oC) = 1,0251 kJ/kg.K (Geankoplis,1983)
Sehingga Cp rata-rata = 1,0183 kJ/kg.K

Maka banyaknya udara yang dibutuhkan dalam proses adalah sebagai berikut :
Q 4.832.875,542 kJ / jam
m Udara    52.733,592 kg / jam
473
1,0183 (473  383) kJ / kg
 Cp
383
Udara dT

Tabel LB. 12 Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Rotary Dryer (RD)

Komponen Masuk (kkal/jam) Keluar (kkal/jam)
alur (21) alur (22) alur (23)
Air 159,168 0.7575
C 6 H 12 O 6 .H 2 O 3.056,298 51.957,057
Uap Air 1.106.342,628
Udara panas 1.155.084,977
Total 1.158.300,443 1.158.300,443
14. Rotary Cooler (RC)
Fungsi: Menurunkan temperatur C 6 H 12 O 6. H 2 O yang keluar dari Rotary Dryer
Air pendingin
200 C

23 24
RC
o
Fasa Padat 30 C, 1 atm Fasa Padat
C6H12O6.H2O C6H12O6.H2O
H2O Air pendingin H2O
70oC, 1 atm bekas 30oC, 1 atm
400 C

Neraca Panas Total

Panas masuk = Panas keluar
Q23 + air pendingin = Q24
Panas masuk
Q23 = 34.638,543 kkal/jam

Panas keluar
 Q24
Q H242O = FH242O x  Cp H 2O dT

0,004T  0,0001T  3.10 7 T 2


303
= 6,5278 kg/jam x kkal/kg
298
 3,1411.10 10 T 3 dT
= 0,505 kg/jam

QC246 H12 O6 H 2O = FC246 H12 O6 H 2O x  CpC6 H12O6 .H 2O dT

= 1.299,032 kg/jam x 0,3137 kkal/kg K x (303 – 298)

= 2.037,531 kkal/jam
Q24 = 0,505 kg/jam + 2.037,531 kkal/jam
= 2.038,036 kkal/jam

Panas yang diserap air pendingin (Q) = Panas keluar – Panas masuk
= 2.038,036 kkal/jam - 34.638,543 kkal/jam
= – 32.600,507 kkal/jam
= - 136.400,52 kJ/jam
Kondisi masuk air pendingin pada T= 20oC
Kondisi air pendingin keluar T = 40oC
H (200C) = 83,9 kJ/kg
H (400C) = 167,4 kJ/kg
λ = H (200C) – H (400C)
= (83,9 – 167,4)
= -83,5 kJ/kg
136.400,52 kJ / jam
Jumlah air pendingin yang diperlukan (m) = Q / =
 83,5 kJ / kg
= 1.633,539 kg/jam

Tabel LB. 13 Perhitungan Neraca Panas pada Rotary Cooler (RC)

Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen
alur (23) alur (24)
Air 0,7575 0,7575
C 6 H 12 O 6. H 2 O 27.506,6778 3.056,2965
Air pendingin – 24.450,381
Total 3.057,054 3.057,054