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LEMBAR PERHITUNGAN

Nama Alat Compressor Kode Alat


Mengalirkan Aliran Top Product Flash Drum Ke
Fungsi
Reaktor Metanol C-201
Tipe Centrifugal Compressor

10 11 12

HE-201
C-201

R-201

F-101

Data Perancangan :
Tekanan 1 (P1) = 30 bar = psi
Tekanan 2 (P2) = 50 bar = psi
Temperature 1 (T1) = 38oC
= 311 K
Laju alir massa = 37287,96 kg/jam
= 1368,468 lb/min
Densitas campuran = 157,8114 kg/m3
= 9,85185 lb/ft3
Viskositas campuran = 0,01137 cP = 0.02751143 lb/ft. jam

Faktor Keamanan = 10%


Laju Alir Total
Ftotal = Laju alir massa x (1+ faktor keamanan)
= 37287,96 x (1+10%) = 41016,76 kg/jam
Laju Volumetrik (Q) :
𝐹
Q =𝜌
41016,76 𝑘𝑔/𝑗𝑎𝑚
Q = 157,8114 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

Q = 259,91 m3/jam
Q = 153,087 cfm = 2,55145 ft3/s
Heat Capacity Ratio (k)
Nilai heat capacity masing-masing komponen :
Komponen A B C D E
H2 25.399 0.020178 -3.9E-05 3.19E-08 -8.8E-12
H2O 33.933 -0.00842 2.99E-05 -1.8E-08 3.69E-12
CO 29.556 -0.00658 2.01E-05 -1.2E-08 2.26E-12
CO2 27.437 0.042315 -2E-05 4E-09 -3E-13
CH4 34.942 -0.03996 0.000192 -1.5E-07 3.93E-11
N2 29.342 -0.00354 1.01E-05 -4.3E-09 2.59E-13

Cp = a + bT + cT2 + dT3 + eT4 (Yaws, 1999)


Nilai heat capacity yang didapat adalah 30,40342 J/mol.K.

Cp = 30,40342 J/mol.K.

Cp-Cv = R

R = 8,314 J/mol.K

Cv = 30,40342 J/mol.K - 8,314 J/mol.K = 22,08942 J/mol.K

Cp 30,40342
k= = = 1,376379
Cv 22,08942

Jenis Pompa
Beda tekanan (∆𝑃) = 50 bar – 30 bar
= 20 bar
= 290,08 psi
Dari gambar diatas, dapat dilihat bahwa kompresor yang digunakan adalah
kompresor jenis Reciprocating.
Compressibility Factor :
Z =1
Head Pompa Polytropic :
𝑍𝑅𝑇1 𝑃2 (𝑁−1)/𝑁
𝐻𝑃𝐿 = [( ) − 1]
(𝑁 − 1)/𝑁 𝑃1
N = Eksponen Politropik
𝑁−1 𝐾−1
=
𝑁 𝐾𝐸𝑃
Ep = Effisiensi Politropik

Berdasarkan gambar diatas, untuk pressure ratio (50/30 = 1,6677) didapat


Ep = 75%.
𝑁−1 1,376379 − 1
=
𝑁 1,376379 (0,75)
N = 1,5738

𝑍𝑅𝑇1 𝑃2 (𝑁−1)/𝑁
𝐻𝑃𝐿 = [( ) − 1]
(𝑁 − 1)/𝑁 𝑃1
T1 = 38oC
= 560,07oR
R = 1,544/mol. Wt
1(1,544)(560,07) 50 (1,5738−1)/1,5738
𝐻𝑃𝐿 = [( ) − 1]
(1,5738 − 1)/1,5738 30
Hpoly = 485,549
𝐹𝐻𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦
HP = 𝐸𝑝 33000
1368,468(485,549)
= (0,75) 33000

= 26,84 Hp = 20,01 kW

Dari efficiency polytropic, kita dapat menentukan efficiency adiabatik

𝑃 (𝑘−1)/𝑘 50 (1,376379−1)/1,376379
X = [(𝑃2 ) − 1 ] = [(30) − 1] = 0,149915
1

Didapat Efficiency Adiabatic= 73 %.


Menghitung Diameter Optimum Pipa
Dioptimum = 3,9 Q0,45ρ0,13 (Peters & Timmerhaus, 2003 : Pers. 45)
= 3,9 (2,551450,45) (9,851850,13)
= 8,003 in
Digunakan data steel pipe, nominal pipe size 8 in (Geankoplis, 1993 : Appendix
A.5-1) dengan spesifikasi :
Schedule Number = 40
Outside Diameter (OD) = 8,625 in = 0,7187 ft
Inside Diameter (ID) = 7,981 in = 0,6650 ft

Flow Area (At) = 0,03227 m2 = 0,3474 ft2’

 Kecepatan Linear Aliran (v)


𝑄
v = At
2,55145
= 0,3474

= 7,344 ft/s
 Reynold Number (NRe)
𝐼𝐷 𝑥 𝑣 𝑥 𝜌
NRe = (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.5-1)
µ
(0,665057) 𝑥 (7,344) 𝑥 (9,851849)
= 7,642 x 10−6

= 6296845 (aliran turbulen > 2100)

Menghitung Friction Losses Aliran Fluida


 Friksi Pada Pipa Lurus (Ff)
∆L v 2
FF = 4 x f x x
ID 2gc
Dimana :
ε = 4,6 x10-5 m (commercial steel pipe)
ID = 0,202717 m,

sehingga

ε/ID = 0,000227 (Geankoplis, 1997)


f = 0,0035 (Fanning Friction Factor untuk aliran turbulen, diperoleh dari
Figure 2.10-3 (geankoplis,1997)
ΔL = 30 m = 98,42517 ft
Gc = 32,174 ft/s2 = 32,174 lbm.ft/lbf.s2
98,42517 7,3442
FF = 4 x 0,0035 x x = 1,7368 lbf. ft/lbm
0,665057 2 x 32,174
 Friksi pada Fitting dan Valve (hf)
Tabel Friction Losses Aliran Turbulen yang Melewati Fitting dan Valve
Equipment Jumlah (n) Kf n.Kf
Elbow 90o 3 0,75 2,25
Union 4 0,04 0,16
Gate Valve (wide 1 0,17 0,17
open)
Total 2,58
(Sumber : Geankoplis, 1993 : Tabel. 2.10-1)
𝑣2
hf = 𝑛. 𝐾𝑓 (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2-10-17)
2𝑔𝑐

7,3442
= (2,58) 2(32,174)

= 2,1627 lbf.ft/lbm
 Friksi yang Disebabkan Konstraksi Pipa (hc)
𝑣2 𝐴2
hc = 𝐾𝑐 2𝛼𝑔 ; dimana Kc = 0,55 (1 − 𝐴1)
𝑐

Untuk aliran turbulen, α = 1. Diasumsikan A2 < A1, maka A2/A1 = 0 (Geankoplis,


1993).
Kc = 0,55(1 − 0) = 0,55
𝑣2
hc = 𝐾𝑐 2𝛼𝑔 (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.10-16)
𝑐

7.3442
= 0,55 2(1)(32,174)

= 0,461 lbf.ft/lbm
 Friksi yang Disebabkan Ekspansi Pipa (hex)
v2 A2
hex = Kex 2αg ; dimana Kex = (1 − A1)
c
Untuk aliran turbulen, α = 1. Diasumsikan A2 < A1, maka A2/A1 = 0 (Geankoplis,
1993).
Kex = (1 − 0) = 1
v2
hex = 𝐾𝑒𝑥 2αg (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.10-15)
c

7.3442
= 1 2(1)(32,174)

= 0,838 lbf.ft/lbm
Total Friksi (ΣF) = Ff +hf + hc+ hex [Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.10-18]
= (1,7368) + (2,1627) + (0,4610) + (0,8382)
= 5,1988 lbf.ft/lbm
LEMBAR PERHITUNGAN
Nama Alat Expander 1 Kode Alat
Menurunkan tekanan Gas Alam yang diumpan ke
Fungsi
Desulfurizer E-101
Tipe Turbin

1 2 3

E-101 HE-101
Natural Gas

A-101

Data Perancangan :
Tekanan 1 (P1) = 50 bar
Tekanan 2 (P2) = 30 bar
Temperature In (T1) = 50oC
= 323 K
Laju alir massa = 20601,22 kg/jam
= 756,0648 lb/min
Densitas campuran = 800.7086 kg/m3
Viskositas campuran = 0.012071 cP = 0.029200139 lb/ft.jam

Faktor Keamanan = 10%


Laju Alir Total
Ftotal = Laju alir massa x (1+ faktor keamanan)
= 20601,22 x (1+10%) = 22661,34 kg/jam
Laju Volumetrik (Q) :
𝐹
Q =𝜌
22661,34 𝑘𝑔/𝑗𝑎𝑚
Q = 800.7086 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

Q = 28,30161 m3/jam
Q = 16,669 cfm = 0,27782 ft3/s
Heat Capacity Ratio (k)
Nilai heat capacity masing-masing komponen :
Komponen A B C D E
CH4 34.942 -0.03996 0.000192 -1.5E-07 3.93E-11
C2H6 28.146 0.04345 0.000189 -1.9E-07 5.33E-11
C3H8 28.277 0.116 0.000196 -2.3E-07 6.87E-11
C4H10 20.056 0.28153 -1.3E-05 -9.5E-08 3.14E-11
C5H12 26.671 0.32324 4.28E-05 -1.7E-07 5.6E-11
C6H14 25.924 0.41927 -1.3E-05 -1.6E-07 5.88E-11
CO2 27.437 0.042315 -2E-05 4E-09 -3E-13
H2S 33.878 -0.01122 5.26E-05 -3.8E-08 9.03E-12
N2 29.342 -0.00354 1.01E-05 -4.3E-09 2.59E-13
H2O 33.933 -0.00842 2.99E-05 -1.8E-08 3.69E-12

Cp = a + bT + cT2 + dT3 + eT4 (Yaws, 1999)


Nilai heat capacity yang didapat adalah 30,40342 J/mol.K.

Cp = 38,36509 J/mol.K.

Cp-Cv = R

R = 8,314 J/mol.K

Cv = 38,36509 J/mol.K - 8,314 J/mol.K = 30,05109 J/mol.K

Cp 38,36509
k= = = 1,2766
Cv 30,05109

Temperatur yang keluar dari ekspander


Pout (K−1)/K
T2 = Tin ( )
Pin
30 (1,2766−1)/1,2766
T2 = 323 ( ) = 289,1628 K = 16,1 °C
50

Menghitung Diameter Optimum Pipa


Dioptimum = 3,9 Q0,45ρ0,13 (Peters & Timmerhaus, 2003 : Pers. 45)
= 3,9 (0,277820,45) (49,98660,13)
= 3,6443 in
Digunakan data steel pipe, nominal pipe size 3,5 in (Geankoplis, 1993 : Appendix
A.5-1) dengan spesifikasi :
Schedule Number = 40
Outside Diameter (OD) = 4 in = 0,33332 ft
Inside Diameter (ID) = 3,548 in = 0,2956 ft

Flow Area (At) = 0,006382 m2 = 0,0687 ft2’

 Kecepatan Linear Aliran (v)


𝑄
v = At
0,27782
= 0,0687

= 4,0440 ft/s
 Reynold Number (NRe)
𝐼𝐷 𝑥 𝑣 𝑥 𝜌
NRe = (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.5-1)
µ
(0,2956) 𝑥 (4,0440) 𝑥 (49,98664)
= 8,111 x 10−6

= 7368429 (aliran turbulen > 2100)

Menghitung Friction Losses Aliran Fluida


 Friksi Pada Pipa Lurus (Ff)
∆L v 2
FF = 4 x f x x
ID 2gc
Dimana :
ε = 4,6 x10-5 m (commercial steel pipe)
ID = 0,09011 m,

sehingga

ε/ID = 0,00051 (Geankoplis, 1997)

f = 0,004 (Fanning Friction Factor untuk aliran turbulen, diperoleh dari


Figure 2.10-3 (geankoplis,1997)
ΔL = 30 m = 98,42517 ft
Gc = 32,174 ft/s2 = 32,174 lbm.ft/lbf.s2
98,42517 4,04402
FF = 4 x 0,004 x x = 1,3537 lbf. ft/lbm
0,295655 2 x 32,174
 Friksi pada Fitting dan Valve (hf)
Tabel Friction Losses Aliran Turbulen yang Melewati Fitting dan Valve
Equipment Jumlah (n) Kf n.Kf
Elbow 90o 2 0,75 1,5
Union 4 0,04 0,16
Gate Valve (wide 1 0,17 0,17
open)
Total 1,83
(Sumber : Geankoplis, 1993 : Tabel. 2.10-1)
𝑣2
hf = 𝑛. 𝐾𝑓 2𝑔 (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2-10-17)
𝑐

4,04402
= (1,83) 2(32,174)

= 0,4651 lbf.ft/lbm

 Friksi yang Disebabkan Konstraksi Pipa (hc)


𝑣2 𝐴2
hc = 𝐾𝑐 2𝛼𝑔 ; dimana Kc = 0,55 (1 − 𝐴1)
𝑐

Untuk aliran turbulen, α = 1. Diasumsikan A2 < A1, maka A2/A1 = 0 (Geankoplis,


1993).
Kc = 0,55(1 − 0) = 0,55
𝑣2
hc = 𝐾𝑐 2𝛼𝑔 (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.10-16)
𝑐

4,04402
= 0,55 2(1)(32,174)

= 0,1397 lbf.ft/lbm

 Friksi yang Disebabkan Ekspansi Pipa (hex)


v2 A2
hex = Kex 2αg ; dimana Kex = (1 − A1)
c

Untuk aliran turbulen, α = 1. Diasumsikan A2 < A1, maka A2/A1 = 0 (Geankoplis,


1993).
Kex = (1 − 0) = 1
v2
hex = 𝐾𝑒𝑥 2αg (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.10-15)
c
4,04402
= 1 2(1)(32,174)

= 0,2541 lbf.ft/lbm
Total Friksi (ΣF) = Ff +hf + hc+ hex [Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.10-18]
= (1,3537) + (0,4651) + (0,1397) + (0,2541)
= 2,2128 lbf.ft/lbm

Daya ditentukan dengan Mechanical Energy Balance Equation :


1 𝑝2 − 𝑝1
(𝑣22 − 𝑣12 ) + 𝑔(𝑧2 − 𝑧1) + + ⅀𝐹 + 𝑊𝑠 = 0
2𝛼 𝜌
Diasumsikan :
v1 = v2 = 4,0440 ft/s
P1 = 49,35 atm
P2 = 29,61 atm
z1 = 0
z2 = 1 m = 3,28084 ft
g = 9.806 m/s2 = 32.174 ft/s2,
maka:
-Ws = 107,3756 lbf ft/lbm = 320,9458 J/kg
m= 756,0648 lb/min = 12,60 lb/s

Range efisiensi expander adalah 85-90% (Wallas,65)


η = 85%

−𝑊𝑠 𝑥 𝑚
𝐵𝐻𝑃 =
η 𝑥 550
107,3756𝑥 12,60
𝐵𝐻𝑃 =
0,85 𝑥 550
BHP = 2,89 Hp
Dari Gambar 14.38 (Peters & Timmerhaus, 2003) dengan daya pompa, BHP =
2,89 hp maka diperoleh efesiensi motor (ηm) = 83%
BHP 2,89
𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 = = = 3,48 Hp = 2595,036 watt
ηm 0,83
LEMBAR PERHITUNGAN
Nama Alat Expander 2 Kode Alat
Menurunkan Tekanan Aliran Output Reaktor
Fungsi
Metanol yang diumpankan ke Separator E-301
Tipe Turbin

13

E-301
14

S-301

Data Perancangan :
Tekanan 1 (P1) = 50 bar
Tekanan 2 (P2) = 20 bar
Temperature In (T1) = 250oC
= 523 K
Laju alir massa = 37288,22 kg/jam
= 1368,478 lb/min
Densitas campuran = 193,204 kg/m3
Viskositas campuran = 0.015991 cP = 0.038684749 lb/ft.jam
Faktor Keamanan = 10%
Laju Alir Total
Ftotal = Laju alir massa x (1+ faktor keamanan)
= 37288,22 x (1+10%) = 41017,04 kg/jam
Laju Volumetrik (Q) :
𝐹
Q =𝜌
41017,04 𝑘𝑔/𝑗𝑎𝑚
Q =
193,204 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
Q = 212,2991 m3/jam
Q = 125,04 cfm = 2,08407 ft3/s
Heat Capacity Ratio (k)
Nilai heat capacity masing-masing komponen :
Komponen A B C D E
CH3OH 40.046 -0.0383 0.000245 -2.2E-07 5.99E-11
H2 25.399 0.020178 -3.9E-05 3.19E-08 -8.8E-12
H2O 33.933 -0.00842 2.99E-05 -1.8E-08 3.69E-12
CO 29.556 -0.00658 2.01E-05 -1.2E-08 2.26E-12
CO2 27.437 0.042315 -2E-05 4E-09 -3E-13
CH4 34.942 -0.03996 0.000192 -1.5E-07 3.93E-11
N2 29.342 -0.00354 1.01E-05 -4.3E-09 2.59E-13

Cp = a + bT + cT2 + dT3 + eT4 (Yaws, 1999)


Nilai heat capacity yang didapat adalah 30,40342 J/mol.K.

Cp = 52,3285 J/mol.K.

Cp-Cv = R

R = 8,314 J/mol.K

Cv = 52,3285 J/mol.K - 8,314 J/mol.K = 44,01458 J/mol.K

Cp 52,3285
k= = = 1,188
Cv 44,01458

Temperatur yang keluar dari ekspander


Pout (K−1)/K
T2 = Tin ( )
Pin
20 (1,188−1)/1,188
T2 = 523 ( ) = 311,144
50

Menghitung Diameter Optimum Pipa


Dioptimum = 3,9 Q0,45ρ0,13 (Peters & Timmerhaus, 2003 : Pers. 45)
= 3,9 (2,084070,45) (12,061340,13)
= 7,50164 in
Digunakan data steel pipe, nominal pipe size 8 in (Geankoplis, 1993 : Appendix
A.5-1) dengan spesifikasi :
Schedule Number = 40
Outside Diameter (OD) = 8,625 in = 0,7187 ft
Inside Diameter (ID) = 7,981 in = 0,6650 ft

Flow Area (At) = 0,03227 m2 = 0,3474 ft2’

 Kecepatan Linear Aliran (v)


𝑄
v = At
2,08407
= 0,3474

= 5,999 ft/s
 Reynold Number (NRe)
𝐼𝐷 𝑥 𝑣 𝑥 𝜌
NRe = (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.5-1)
µ
(0,665057) 𝑥 (5,999) 𝑥 (12,06134)
= 1,07458 x 10−5

= 4478158 (aliran turbulen > 2100)

Menghitung Friction Losses Aliran Fluida


 Friksi Pada Pipa Lurus (Ff)
∆L v 2
FF = 4 x f x x
ID 2gc
Dimana :
ε = 4,6 x10-5 m (commercial steel pipe)
ID = 0,202717 m,

sehingga

ε/ID = 0,000227 (Geankoplis, 1997)

f = 0,0035 (Fanning Friction Factor untuk aliran turbulen, diperoleh dari


Figure 2.10-3 (geankoplis,1997)
ΔL = 33 m = 108,2677 ft
Gc = 32,174 ft/s2 = 32,174 lbm.ft/lbf.s2
108,2677 5,9992
FF = 4 x 0,0035 x x = 1,27467 lbf. ft/lbm
0,665057 2 x 32,174
 Friksi pada Fitting dan Valve (hf)
Tabel Friction Losses Aliran Turbulen yang Melewati Fitting dan Valve
Equipment Jumlah (n) Kf n.Kf
Elbow 90o 3 0,75 2,25
Union 5 0,04 0,2
Gate Valve (wide 1 0,17 0,17
open)
Total 2,62
(Sumber : Geankoplis, 1993 : Tabel. 2.10-1)
𝑣2
hf = 𝑛. 𝐾𝑓 2𝑔 (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2-10-17)
𝑐

5,9992
= (2,62) 2(32,174)

= 1,4653 lbf.ft/lbm

 Friksi yang Disebabkan Konstraksi Pipa (hc)


𝑣2 𝐴2
hc = 𝐾𝑐 2𝛼𝑔 ; dimana Kc = 0,55 (1 − 𝐴1)
𝑐

Untuk aliran turbulen, α = 1. Diasumsikan A2 < A1, maka A2/A1 = 0 (Geankoplis,


1993).
Kc = 0,55(1 − 0) = 0,55
𝑣2
hc = 𝐾𝑐 2𝛼𝑔 (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.10-16)
𝑐

5,9992
= 0,55 2(1)(32,174)

= 0,3076 lbf.ft/lbm

 Friksi yang Disebabkan Ekspansi Pipa (hex)


v2 A2
hex = Kex 2αg ; dimana Kex = (1 − A1)
c

Untuk aliran turbulen, α = 1. Diasumsikan A2 < A1, maka A2/A1 = 0 (Geankoplis,


1993).
Kex = (1 − 0) = 1
v2
hex = 𝐾𝑒𝑥 2αg (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.10-15)
c

5,9992
= 1 2(1)(32,174)

= 0,559 lbf.ft/lbm
Total Friksi (ΣF) = Ff +hf + hc+ hex [Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.10-18]
= (1,27467) + (1,4653) + (0,3076) + (0,559)
= 3,60687 lbf.ft/lbm

Daya ditentukan dengan Mechanical Energy Balance Equation :


1 𝑝2 − 𝑝1
(𝑣22 − 𝑣12 ) + 𝑔(𝑧2 − 𝑧1) + + ⅀𝐹 + 𝑊𝑠 = 0
2𝛼 𝜌
Diasumsikan :
v1 = v2 = 5,999 ft/s
P1 = 49,35 atm
P2 = 19,74 atm
z1 = 0
z2 = 3 m = 9,84252 ft
g = 9.806 m/s2 = 32.174 ft/s2,
maka:
-Ws = 307,3916 lbf ft/lbm = 918,7935 J/kg
m= 1368,478 lb/min = 22,80797 lb/s
Range efisiensi expander adalah 85-90% (Wallas,65)
η = 85%

−Ws x m
BHP =
η x 550
307,3916 x 22,80797
BHP =
0,85 x 550
BHP = 14,99 Hp
Dari Gambar 14.38 (Peters & Timmerhaus, 2003) dengan daya pompa, BHP =
14,99 hp maka diperoleh efesiensi motor (ηm) = 87%
BHP 14,99
𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 = = = 17,23 Hp = 12,85 kW
ηm 0,87
LEMBAR PERHITUNGAN
Nama Alat Expander 3 Kode Alat
Menurunkan Tekanan Aliran Produk Bawah
Fungsi
Separator yang diumpankan ke Distilator E-401
Tipe Turbin

18

E-91

D-401

17

16

E-401

Data Perancangan :
Tekanan 1 (P1) = 20 bar
Tekanan 2 (P2) = 1 bar
Temperature In (T1) = 38oC
= 311 K
Laju alir massa = 26169,37 kg/jam
= 960,4157 lb/min
Densitas campuran = 783.8011 kg/m3
Viskositas campuran = 0.005541 cP = 0.013403339 lb/ft.jam
Faktor Keamanan = 10%
Laju Alir Total
Ftotal = Laju alir massa x (1+ faktor keamanan)
= 26169,37 x (1+10%) = 28786,3 kg/jam
Laju Volumetrik (Q) :
𝐹
Q =𝜌
28786,3 𝑘𝑔/𝑗𝑎𝑚
Q = 783.8011 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

Q = 36,7266 m3/jam
Q = 21,632 cfm = 0,36053 ft3/s

Heat Capacity Ratio (k)


Nilai heat capacity masing-masing komponen :
Komponen A B C D
CH3OH 40.152 0.31 -0.001 1.5E-06
H2O 92.053 -0.04 -0.0002 5.3E-07

Cp = a + bT + cT2 + dT3 (Yaws, 1999)


Nilai heat capacity yang didapat adalah 30,40342 J/mol.K.

Cp = 80,7491 J/mol.K.

Cp-Cv = R

R = 8,314 J/mol.K

Cv = 80,7491J/mol.K - 8,314 J/mol.K = 72,4351 J/mol.K

Cp 80,7491
k= = = 1,1147
Cv 72,4351

Temperatur yang keluar dari ekspander


Pout (K−1)/K
T2 = Tin ( )
Pin
1 (1,1147−1)/1,1147
T2 = 311 ( ) = 281,16 K
20
Menghitung Diameter Optimum Pipa
Dioptimum = 3,9 Q0,45ρ0,13 (Peters & Timmerhaus, 2003 : Pers. 45)
= 3,9 (0,360530,45) (48,93110,13)
= 4,08635 in
Digunakan data steel pipe, nominal pipe size 4 in (Geankoplis, 1993 : Appendix
A.5-1) dengan spesifikasi :
Schedule Number = 40
Outside Diameter (OD) = 4,5 in = 0,37499 ft
Inside Diameter (ID) = 4,026 in = 0,33549 ft

Flow Area (At) = 0,00821 m2 = 0,0884 ft2’

 Kecepatan Linear Aliran (v)


𝑄
v = At
0,36053
= 0,0884

= 4,07842 ft/s
 Reynold Number (NRe)
𝐼𝐷 𝑥 𝑣 𝑥 𝜌
NRe = (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.5-1)
µ
(0,33549) 𝑥 (4,07842) 𝑥 (48,93114)
= 3,7231 x 10−6

= 17982178 (aliran turbulen > 2100)

Menghitung Friction Losses Aliran Fluida


 Friksi Pada Pipa Lurus (Ff)
∆L v 2
FF = 4 x f x x
ID 2gc
Dimana :
ε = 4,6 x10-5 m (commercial steel pipe)
ID = 0,10226 m,

sehingga

ε/ID = 0,00044 (Geankoplis, 1997)

f = 0,0035 (Fanning Friction Factor untuk aliran turbulen, diperoleh dari


Figure 2.10-3 (geankoplis,1997)
ΔL = 45 m = 147,638 ft
Gc = 32,174 ft/s2 = 32,174 lbm.ft/lbf.s2
147,638 4,078422
FF = 4 x 0,0035 x x = 1,5925 lbf. ft/lbm
0,33549 2 x 32,174
 Friksi pada Fitting dan Valve (hf)
Tabel Friction Losses Aliran Turbulen yang Melewati Fitting dan Valve
Equipment Jumlah (n) Kf n.Kf
Elbow 90o 3 0,75 2,25
Union 7 0,04 0,28
Gate Valve (wide 1 0,17 0,17
open)
Total 2,7
(Sumber : Geankoplis, 1993 : Tabel. 2.10-1)
𝑣2
hf = 𝑛. 𝐾𝑓 2𝑔 (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2-10-17)
𝑐

4,078422
= (2,7) 2 x 32,174

= 0,6979 lbf.ft/lbm
 Friksi yang Disebabkan Konstraksi Pipa (hc)
𝑣2 𝐴2
hc = 𝐾𝑐 2𝛼𝑔 ; dimana Kc = 0,55 (1 − 𝐴1)
𝑐

Untuk aliran turbulen, α = 1. Diasumsikan A2 < A1, maka A2/A1 = 0 (Geankoplis,


1993).
Kc = 0,55(1 − 0) = 0,55
𝑣2
hc = 𝐾𝑐 2𝛼𝑔 (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.10-16)
𝑐

4,078422
= 0,55 2 x1 x 32,174

= 0,1421 lbf.ft/lbm

 Friksi yang Disebabkan Ekspansi Pipa (hex)


v2 A2
hex = Kex 2αg ; dimana Kex = (1 − A1)
c

Untuk aliran turbulen, α = 1. Diasumsikan A2 < A1, maka A2/A1 = 0 (Geankoplis,


1993).
Kex = (1 − 0) = 1
v2
hex = 𝐾𝑒𝑥 2αg (Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.10-15)
c

4,078422
= 1 2 x1 x 32,174

= 0,2584 lbf.ft/lbm
Total Friksi (ΣF) = Ff +hf + hc+ hex [Geankoplis, 1993 : Pers. 2.10-18]
= (1,5925) + (0,6979) + (0,1421) + (0,2584)
= 2,6911 lbf.ft/lbm

Daya ditentukan dengan Mechanical Energy Balance Equation :


1 𝑝2 − 𝑝1
(𝑣22 − 𝑣12 ) + 𝑔(𝑧2 − 𝑧1) + + ⅀𝐹 + 𝑊𝑠 = 0
2𝛼 𝜌
Diasumsikan :
v1 = v2 = 4,07842 ft/s
P1 = 19,74 atm
P2 = 0,987 atm
z1 = 0
z2 = 3 m = 9,8425 ft
g = 9.806 m/s2 = 32.174 ft/s2,
maka:
-Ws = 318,981 lbf ft/lbm = 953,435 J/kg
m= 960,4157 lb/min = 16,0069 lb/s

Range efisiensi expander adalah 85-90% (Wallas,65)


η = 85%

−𝑊𝑠 𝑥 𝑚
𝐵𝐻𝑃 =
η 𝑥 550
318,981 𝑥 16,0069
𝐵𝐻𝑃 =
0,85 𝑥 550
BHP = 10,92 Hp
Dari Gambar 14.38 (Peters & Timmerhaus, 2003) dengan daya pompa, BHP =
10,92 hp maka diperoleh efesiensi motor (ηm) = 86%
BHP 10,92
𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 = = = 12,69 Hp = 9,47 kW
ηm 0,86

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