Definisi
Tamponade jantung adalah kompresi jantung yang terjadi ketika darah atau cairan mengisi antara
myocardium dan pericardium.
Diagnosis
Tanda-tanda tamponade jantung:
Tekanan darah turun ketika penderita bernapas dalam (Pulsus paradoksikal).
Takipneu (napas >12 kali/menit pada dewasa)
Nadi >100 kali/ menit (normal: 60-100 kali/menit)
Suara jantung melemah ketika pemeriksaan dengan stetoskop
Pelebaran abnormal Vena jugularis, tetapi tekanan darah rendah.
Pulsasi perifer lemah atau tidak ada.
Pemeriksaan penunjang tamponade jantung :
CT scan thorax
MRI thorax
Chest x-ray
Angiografi koroner
EKG
Ekokardiogram adalah pilihan pertama untuk membantu menegakkan diagnosis.
Tidak ada pemeriksaan laboratorium spesifik untuk diagnosis tamponade jantung.
Tatalaksana
Tamponade jantung adalah kondisi emergensi yang membutuhkan pentalaksanaan di rumah
sakit. Tujuan penatalaksanaan :
- Menyelamatkan nyawa/kehidupan pasien
- Memperbaiki fungsi kerja jantung
- Meredakan gejala
- Mengobati tamponade
Penatalaksanaan tamponade jantung:
- Pericardiocentesis
- Operasi pericardiectomy atau pericardial window.
Fluids are given to maintain normal blood pressure until pericardiocentesis can be performed.
Medications that increase blood pressure may also help sustain the patient's life until the fluid is
drained.
The patient may be given oxygen. This reduces the workload on the heart by decreasing tissue
demands for blood flow.
The cause of the tamponade must be identified and treated. Treatment of the cause may include
medications such as antibiotics, and surgery to repair the injury.
Prognosis
Tamponade is life-threatening if untreated. The outcome is often good if the condition is treated
promptly, but tamponade may recur.
Komplikasi
Heart failure
Pulmonary edema
Calling your health care provider
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if symptoms
develop. Cardiac tamponade is an emergency condition requiring immediate attention.
Pencegahan
Many cases are not preventable. Awareness of your personal risk factors may allow early
diagnosis and treatment.