Etimologi
Menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Agama
adalah sistem yang mengatur tata keimanan
(kepercayaan) dan peribadatan kepada Tuhan
Yang Mahakuasa serta tata kaidah yang
berhubungan dengan pergaulan manusia dan
manusia serta lingkungannya. Kata "Agama"
berasal dari bahasa Sanskerta, āgama (आगम)
yang berarti "tradisi".[10]. Kata lain untuk
menyatakan konsep ini adalah religi yang
berasal dari bahasa Latin religio dan berakar
pada kata kerja re-ligare yang berarti "mengikat
kembali". Maksudnya dengan berreligi,
seseorang mengikat dirinya kepada Tuhan.
Definisi
Jenis agama
Peta tentang persebaran dan populasi agama di dunia
Kategori
Cara Beragama
Berdasarkan cara beragamanya:
Unsur-unsur
Menurut Leight, Keller dan Calhoun, agama
terdiri dari beberapa unsur pokok:
Fungsi
Sumber pedoman hidup bagi individu maupun
kelompok
Mengatur tata cara hubungan manusia
dengan Tuhan, makhlukh hidup, dan serta
hubungan manusia dengan manusia.
Merupakan tuntunan tentang prinsip benar
atau salah
Pedoman mengungkapkan rasa kebersamaan
Pedoman perasaan keyakinan
Pedoman dalam membentuk nilai-nilai
kehidupan
Pengungkapan estetika (keindahan)
Pedoman rekreasi dan hiburan
Memberikan identitas kepada manusia
sebagai umat dari suatu agama.
Agama di Indonesia
Kelompok agama
Daftar gerakan-gerakan keagamaan yang masih
aktif yang diberikan di sini merupakan upaya
untuk meringkas pengaruh regional dan filosofis
yang paling penting pada masyarakat lokal,
tetapi tidak berarti keterangan lengkap dari
setiap umat beragama, juga tidak menjelaskan
elemen yang paling penting dari religiusitas
individu.
2,000 - 2,200
Kekristenan
miliar[34]
1,570 - 1,650
Islam
miliar[35][36][37]
Non-Adherent
(Sekuler/Ateis/Tidak 1,1 miliar[38]
Beragama/Agnostik)
450 juta - 1
Buddhisme
miliar[40][41][42]
7,6 - 7,9
Baha'i
juta [45][46]
Iran
India
Tradisional Afrika
Afrika Utara:
Afrika Barat:
Afrika Tengah:
Afrika Tenggara:
Afrika Selatan:
Diaspora:
Santeria ( Kuba )
Candomble ( Brasil )
Vodun ( Haiti, Amerika Serikat )
Lucumi ( Karibia )
Umbanda ( Brasil )
Macumba ( Brasil )
Tradisional
Dupa dibakar di China
Kesehatan
Kekerasan
Sains
Hewan kurban
Kritik agama
Sumber
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Selected Work Marcus Tullius Cicero
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Lihat pula
Agama asli Nusantara
Kebudayaan
Masyarakat
Nilai sosial
Norma sosial
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Catatan
1. ^ Sementara agama susah untuk
didefinisikan, sebuah model standar dari
agama, digunakan dalam perkuliahan
religious studies, diajukan oleh Clifford
Geertz, yang dengan sederhana
menyebutnya sebagai sebuah "sistem
kultural" (Clifford Geertz, Religion as a
Cultural System, 1973). Sebuah kritikan
untuk model Geertz oleh Talal Asad
mengategorikan agama sebagai "sebuah
kategori antropologikal." (Talal Asad, The
Construction of Religion as an
Anthropological Category, 1982.)
2. ^ Hinduisme didefinisikan sebagai "agama"
dengan berbagai cara, "kumpulan dari
berbagai kepercayaan dan praktik religius",
"tradisi religius", dan sebagainya. Untuk
diskusi topik ini, lihat: "Establishing the
boundaries" oleh Gavin Flood (2003),
halaman 1-17. René Guénon dalam bukunya
Introduction to the Study of the Hindu
Doctrines (edisi 1921), Sophia Perennis,
ISBN 0-900588-74-8, mengajukan sebuah
definisi dari istilah "agama" dan sebuah
diskusi yang berkaitan dengan (meskipun
tidak ditunjang pengetahuan yang
mendalam mengenai) doktrin-doktrin Hindu
(bagian II, bab 4, halaman 58).
3. ^ The ‘side roll’ is a ritual performed during
a Hindu festival in which large numbers of
male devotees lie prostrate on the ground
and roll sideways around the temple
premises in fulfilment of vows taken at the
temple. Because the men’s upper bodies
are usually bare during this ritual, their skin
comes into contact with the parasitic
larvae that infest the soil or sand on the
ground, resulting in the Cutaneous larva
migrans (CLM) skin disease.
Catatan penjelas
1. ^ a b Jumlah orang yang menganggap diri
mereka sebagai anggota dari sebuah
"kepercayaan tradisional" tidak mungkin
ditentukan.
2. ^ Jumlah penganut Jainisme tidak pasti,
yaitu antara lebih dari enam juta hingga
dua belas juta jiwa, karena penganut
Jainisme sulit diidentifikasikan, terutama
karena pada beberapa wilayah Jainisme
dianggap sebagai sebuah sekte Hindu.
Banyak penganut Jainisme pada saat
disensus tidak menyebut Jainisme sebagai
agama mereka karena berbagai alasan,
misalnya beberapa kasta Jain menganggap
diri mereka sebagai penganut Hindu dan
Jain. Setelah sebuah kampanye mendesak
penganut Jainisme untuk mengisi data yang
sebenarnya, sensus India pada tahun 1981
memperoleh data sebanyak 3.19 juta
penganut Jainisme. Pada masa itu, data
yang diperoleh masih diperkirakan baru
memunculkan sekitar separuh jumlah
sebenarnya dari keseluruhan populasi
penganut Jainisme. Sensus India pada
tahun 2001 mendata sebanyak 8.4 juta
penganut Jainisme.
Bacaan lanjutan
MH, Amin Jaiz, Pokok-pokok Ajaran Islam,
Korpri Unit PT. Asuransi Jasa Indonesia
Jakarta, 1980
Monier Williams, 1899, A Sanskrit English
Dictionary. Oxford University Pressa
Pranala luar
(Indonesia) Kementerian Agama (Kemenag)
Indonesia
(Inggris) Religion and Science. Lev Regelson