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memunculkan nuansa terapeutik atau nuansa yang “menyembuhkan” yang
meningkatkan keefektifkan proses konseling. Lebih jauh lagi, penelitan Bertolino
& O’Hanlon (2002, dalam Mulawarman, 2014) menjelaskan bahwa relasi
terapeutik antara konselor dan konseli, yang dimunculkan karena pribadi
terapeutik konselor mempengaruhi hingga 30% prosentase perbaikan konseli,
lebih tinggi dari penerapan model atau teknik konseling. Dari penelitian tersebut,
dapat dipahami bahwa begitu kuatnya dampak dari kualitas pribadi terapeutik
konselor yang dimunculkan dalam relasi konseling bagi tercapainya perubahan
dalam diri konseli. Hal senada juga diungkapkan dari beberapa penelitian yang
dilakukan oleh para ahli (dalam Corey, 2009:18), seperti Norcross (2002);
Lambert & Barley (2002) yang mengungkapkan bahwa relasi terapeutik yang
dimunculan dari pribadi terapeutik terapis secara kuat dan konsisten menjadi
faktor utama yang menunjang tercapaianya tujuan terapi dari klien. Berikut akan
dipaparkan ciri-ciri pribadi terapeutik berdasarkan kajian teoritik, dalam rangka
menyusun sejumlah kriteria tentang ciri pribadi terapeutik Guru bimbingan dan
konseling/Konselor.
Rogers, peletak pendekatan Person Centererd Therapy (dalam Corey,
2009:173; Jones, 2011:162; Neukrug, 2012:18) mengemukan pendapat mengenai
3 kondisi yang dibutuhan untuk memfasilitasi, mencukupi, dan memunculkan
perubahan kepribadian terapeutik adalah sikap yang selaras dan keaslian
(congruence or genuineness), penerimaan tanpa syarat (unconditional positive
regard), dan pemahaman empati yang tepat (accurate emphatic understanding).
Kongruensi ditunjukkan melalui diri terapis yang sebenarnya, tidak berpura-pura,
tulus, terbuka, dan secara sadar menghadirkan dirinya selama proses konseling
berlangsung. Penerimaan tanpa syarat ditunjukkan dengan sikap kehangatan,
perhatian, penghargaan, penerimaan, dan penghormatan postive konseli tanpa
syarat apapun kondisi dan masalah yang dibawa konseli. Sedangkan pemahaman
empati yang tepat ditunjukkan ketika konselor mampu mensejajarkan dirinya pada
internal frame of reference yang dirasakan konseli.
Dalam dunia konseling, pada dasarnya seorang konselor bekerja atas dasar
dan melalui proses empati. Pada proses konseling, baik konselor maupun konseli
dibawa keluar dari dalam dirinya dan bergabung dalam kesatuan psikis yang
sama. Emosi dan keinginan keduanya menjadi bagian dari kesatuan psikis yang
baru ini. Sebagai konsekuensinya, masalah-masalah konseli akan ditimpakan
kepada seorang ”manusia baru”, dan dalam hal ini konselor menanggung
setengahnya. Stabilitas psikologis dari kejelasan pikiran, keberanian dan kekuatan
keinginan yang dimilki konselor akan menyusup kedalam diri konseli, dan
memberikan bantuan yang besar dalam perjuangan kepribadiannya. Untuk itu
seorang konselor harus mempunyai empati.
Selanjutnya Corey (2009:18) mengemukan pendapatnya tentang
karaktersistik personal dari konselor yang efektif dari beberapa hasil penelitan
adalah sebagai berikut:
Effective therapists have an identity. They know who they are, what
they are capable of becoming, what they want out of life, and what is
essential.
Effective therapists respect and appreciate themselves. They can give
and receive help and love out of their own sense of self-worth and
strength. They feel adequate with others and allow others to feel
powerful with them.
Effective therapists are open to change. They exhibit a willingness and
courage to leave the security of the known if they are not satisfi ed with
the way they are. They make decisions about how they would like to
change, and they work toward becoming the person they want to
become.
Effective therapists make choices that are life oriented. They are aware
of early decisions they made about themselves, others, and the world.
They are not the victims of these early decisions, and they are willing to
revise them if necessary. They are committed to living fully rather than
settling for mere existence.
Effective therapists are authentic, sincere, and honest. They do not hide
behind masks, defenses, sterile roles, or facades.
Effective therapists have a sense of humor. They are able to put the
events of life in perspective. They have not forgotten how to laugh,
especially at their own foibles and contradictions.
Effective therapists make mistakes and are willing to admit them. They
do not dismiss their errors lightly, yet they do not choose to dwell on
misery.
Effective therapists generally live in the present. They are not riveted to
the past, nor are they fi xated on the future. They are able to experience
and be present with others in the “now.
Effective therapists appreciate the influence of culture. They are aware
of the ways in which their own culture affects them, and they respect
the diversity of values espoused by other cultures. They are also
sensitive to the unique differences arising out of social class, race,
sexual orientation, and gender.
Effective therapists have a sincere interest in the welfare of others. This
concern is based on respect, care, trust, and a real valuing of others.
Effective therapists possess effective interpersonal skills. They are
capable of entering the world of others without getting lost in this
world, and they strive to create collaborative relationships with others.
They do not present themselves as polished salespersons, yet they have
the capacity to take another person’s position and work together toward
consensual goals (Norcross, 2002b).
Effective therapists become deeply involved in their work and derive
meaning from it. They can accept the rewards fl owing from their work,
yet they are not slaves to their work.
Effective therapists are passionate. They have the courage to pursue
their passions, and they are passionate about life and their work
(Skovholt & Jennings, 2004).
Effective therapists are able to maintain healthy boundaries. Although
they strive to be fully present for their clients, they don’t carry the
problems of their clients around with them during leisure hours. They
know how to say no, which enables them to maintain balance in their
lives.
DAFTAR REFERENSI
Brammer, L. M. 1979. The Helping Rerlathionsip Process and Skills. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall.
Corey, Gerald. 2009. Theory and Practice Counseling and Psychotherapy. United
States: Brook/Cole.
Jones, Richard Nelson. 2011. Teori dan Praktik Konseling dan Terapi.
Yogya:Pustaka Pelajar.
Sutoyo, Anwar. 2009. Bimbingan dan Konseling Islami: Teori & Praktik. Widya
Karya:Semarang.
Wilis, Soyan. 2004. Konseling Indvidual Teori dan Praktek. Bandung: Alfabeta