Pengertian Conjunction

Conjunction adalah kata atau kelompok kata yang berfungsi menghubungkan dua kata, phrase
(frasa), clause (klausa), atau paragraph (paragraf). Kata ini merupakan satu dari delapan part of
speech.

Macam dan Contoh Kalimat Conjunction

Adapun macam dan contoh kalimat conjunction antara lain sebagai berikut.

Macam Contoh Contoh Kalimat

Penjelasan Singkat
Conjunction Conjunction Conjunction
Kata hubung ini digunakan untuk I love
Coordinate menghubungkan dua konstruksi running and swimming.
and, or, for
Conjunction gramatikal yang sama yaitu: (Saya suka lari dan
kata, phrase atau clause. berenang.)
Diana
Kata hubung ini digunakan
as… as, both… is as beautiful as her
Correlative berpasangan untuk menunjukkan
and…, either… sister.
Conjunction hubungan antara dua kata, phrase ,
or… (Diana secantik
atau clause.
saudaranya.)
Nobody
Kata hubung ini digunakan untuk knows where she lives
where, although,
Subordinate membangun hubungan ide now.
so that,
Conjunction antara dependent (Tak seorangpun tau
otherwise
clause  dengan main clause. dimana dia tinggal
sekarang.)
Kata hubung berfungsi pula
Adverbial
sebagai adverb. Sebagai kata She’s not bad; rather,
Conjunction /
hubung, kata ini berfungsi untuk she’s very kind.
Conjunctive also, however,
menghubungkan dengan logis (Dia tidak jahat;
Adverb / rather, thus
dua independent clause, sedangkan sebaliknya, dia sangat
Connecting
sebagai adverb, untuk baik.)
Adverb
menerangkan clause kedua.

Soal Conjunction
Pengertian Coordinate Conjunction
Coordinate conjunction adalah kata hubung yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua
konstruksi gramatikal yang sama yaitu: kata, phrase (frasa), atau clause (klausa). Elemen yang
dihubungkan tersebut biasanya bersifat paralel (kedudukannya sejajar) secara struktur
gramatikal. Kata hubung ini sering digunakan pada compound sentence (menghubungkan
dua independent clause).

Punctuation (Tanda Baca) pada Coordinate Conjunction

Jika coordinate conjunction digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua independent clause di dalam
suatu compound sentence, maka tanda baca koma ditempatkan tepat sebelum kata hubung

tersebut.

Contoh Punctuation pada Coordinate Conjunction:

 I love running and swimming. (antar verb)

 Rita and I arrived this morning, and we just left 10 minutes ago. (antar independent clause)

Contoh Coordinate Conjunction

Contoh kalimat dengan coordinate conjunction (FANBOYS) dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai
berikut.

Coordinate
Hubungan Contoh Kalimat Coordinate Conjunction
Conjunction

Cause & Effect

For He didn’t come last night, for he fell asleep.
(sebab &
(karena) (Dia tidak datang semalam, karena dia tertidur.)
akibat)

And Addition The trainees laughed and cried simultaneously.

(dan) (penambahan) (Siswa latihan tertawa dan menangis secara bersamaan.)

Vina and Amel wake up at 5:00 am, and they go to school at 6:30

am.
 (Vina dan Amel bangun jam 5 pagi dan mereka pergi ke sekolah
jam setengah tujuh pagi.)

Nor Addition She didn’t come to the ceremony, nor did her friends.
(tidak) (penambahan) (Dia tidak datang ke perayaan, tidak juga teman-temannya.)

The man helped in sincerity, but many people thought negatively

But Contrast about him.
(tapi, namun) (pertentangan) (Pria itu membantu dengan tulus, namun banyak orang berpikir
negatif.)

What do you prefer to stay at home or go to the cinema on this

Or Alternative weekend?
(atau) (pilihan) (Apa yang lebih kamu suka, diam di rumah atau pergi ke bioskop
akhir minggu ini?)

Yet Contrast The book is thick, yet the text is large.

(tapi, namun) (pertentangan) (Buku itu tebal, tapi tulisannya besar.)

Please reconsider, so you will not regret oneday.

So Result
(Tolong pertimbangkan kembali, agar kamu tidak menyesal suatu
(agar, sehingga) (hasil, akibat)
hari nanti.)

Soal Conj

Tentang Coordinate vs Adverbial Conjunction

Adverbial conjunction / conjunctive adverb / connecting adverb merupakan kata hubung yang
lebih memberi penekanan dengan cara penggunaan punctuation (tanda baca) daripada
coordinate conjunction. Dalam formal english, clause yang diawali dengan adverbial
conjunction biasanya dipisahkan dengan clause sebelumnya dengan comma (koma)
atau semicolon (titik koma). Penjelasan dan contoh lebih lengkap dapat dilihat di modifikasi
tanda baca pada adverbial conjunction.

Makna Coordinate = Adverbial Conjunction

Beberapa coordinate conjunction memiliki padanan makna dengan adverbial conjunction.
Contohnya antara lain sebagai berikut.

Coordinate Adverbial
Contoh
Conj. Conj.
also The chef will bake bread and turkey for the dinner.
besides
and furthermore The scientists found that the question is difficult; besides,
likewise they need to work hard to solved it.
moreover
however I would love to join but I’m afraid I don’t have time.
nevertheless
but The man wearing glasses seems so serious, nevertheless,
nonetheless
he often laughs out loud with his friends.
still
accordingly Please reconsider, so you will not regret oneday.
consequently
so hence Ferarri cars are very sophisticated; accordingly; I want to
therefore buy one someday.
thus

Pengertian Correlative Conjunction

Correlative conjunction adalah kata hubung yang digunakan berpasangan untuk menunjukkan
hubungan antara dua kata, phrase (frasa), atau clause (klausa). Elemen kalimat yang
dihubungkan biasanya bersifat paralel (kedudukannya sejajar) secara struktur gramatikal. Kata
hubung ini disebut juga paired conjunction.

Contoh Kalimat Correlative Conjunction

Beberapa contoh kalimat dengan correlative conjunction serta macam hubungannya dapat dilihat
pada tabel sebagai berikut.

Contoh Kalimat
Correlative Conjunction
Correlative Conjunction
as … as Diana is as beautiful as her sister.
(se-) (Diana secantik saudara perempuannya.)
between … and … There are no difference beetwen you and him.
(diantara … dan …) (Tidak ada perbedaan antara dirimu dan dirinya.)
both … and … She loves both swimming and running.
(baik … maupun) (Dia suka baik renang maupun lari.)
either … or … The man is neither handsome nor faithful.
(baik … ataupun) (Pria itu tidak tampan ataupun setia.)
neither … nor Either Nisa or her mother is a scientist.
(baik … ataupun … tidak) (Baik Nisa ataupun ibunya adalah ilmuwan.)
I travelled from England to Rome in three days.
from … to …
(Saya bepergian dari Inggris ke Roma dalam tiga hari.)
Hardly had you left the restaurant when the party was started.
(Kamu hampir telah meninggalkan restoran ketika pesta
dimulai.)
hardly … when / no sooner …
No sooner did I send the email than the reply came.
than / scarcely … when
(Tidak lama dari saya mengirimkan e-mail balasannya datang.)
Scarcely had I finished my work when I went to bed.
(Tak lama setelah saya menyelesaikan pekerjaan, saya tidur.)
If you help him now, then he’ll repay oneday.
if … then (Jika kamu menolongnya sekarang, kemudian dia akan
membalasnya suatu hari nanti.)
not … but Yuni is not his girl friend but his cousin.
(tidak … tapi) (Yuni bukan pacarnya melainkan sepupunya.)
not only … but also … He can drive not only a car but also a helicopter.
(tak hanya … tapi juga) (Dia tidak hanya bisa mengemudi mobil tapi juga helikopter.)
My parents would rather have lunch in a traditional restaurant
than have lunch in a fast food restaurant.
rather … than
(Orangtua saya lebih suka makan siang di restoran tradisional
daripada di makan siang di restoran cepat saji.)
the more … the less The more we learn grammar, the less we face the difficulty in
(semakin banyak …, semakin writing.
 (Semakin banyak kita mempelajari grammar, semakin sedikit
sedikit …) kita menghadapi kesulitan didalam menulis.)
the more … the more The more you give alms to others, the more you get rewards
(semakin banyak …, semakin from God.
banyak) (Semakin banyak kamu memberi sedekah kepada orang lain,
semakin banyak kamu mendapat imbalan dari Tuhan.)
I’m confused whether to live in Jakarta or to live in Bandung.
whether … or … (Saya bingung apakah tinggal di Jakarta atau tinggal di
Bandung.)

Pengertian Subordinate Conjunction

Subordinate conjunction adalah kata hubung yang mengawali suatu subordinate
clause (berupa adverbial clause) yang berfungsi membangun hubungan ide antara
dependent clause dengan main clause. Adapun gabungan antara dependent dan main clause
menghasilkan complex sentence.

Subordinate conjunction digunakan pada subordinate clause, yaitu bagian yang idenya kurang
penting dibanding pada main clause. Conjunction ini memiliki antara lain hubungan waktu
(time), tempat (place), pertentangan (contrast), sebab akibat (cause-effect), syarat (condition),
tujuan (reason), dan cara (manner).

Contoh Kalimat Subordinate Conjunction

Contoh kalimat dengan subordinate conjunction dengan hubungan waktu (time), tempat (place),
dan pertentangan (contrast) adalah sebagai berikut.

Subordinate
Hubungan Contoh Kalimat Subordinate Conjunction (Complex Sentence)
Conjunction
after After I changed the APN, I unpluged my modem and waited for 5
(setelah), minutes.
as (Setelah saya merubah APN, saya mencabut modem dan menunggu
(ketika, selama 5 menit.)
sementara), As soon as/once they finish filling the questionnaire, I will process
as soon as the data.
(segera (Segera setelah mereka selesai mengisi kuesioner, saya akan
setelah), memproses data tersebut.)
before Anna found so much expired food when she was cleaning the
(sebelum), kitchen.
once (Anna menemukan begitu banyak makanan basi ketika
(segera dia membersihkan dapur.)
Time setelah), Before she went to Jakarta, she got her flowers watered.
(waktu) since (Sebelum dia pergi ke Jakarta, dia meminta bunga-bunganya
(sejak), disirami.)
until/till
Since the boy bought a PS3, he forgot to study.
(sampai), (Sejak anak laki-laki itu membeli PS3, dia lupa belajar.)
when
The students focused on the test until/till the time was over.
(ketika),
(Para siswa fokus pada ujian hingga waktu berakhir.)
whenever
(kapan saja, You can come to my house whenever you want.
sewaktu- (Kamu bisa datang ke rumahku kapanpun kamu mau.)
waktu), While I was studying in my room, I didn’t let someone else to
while disturb.
(ketika, (Ketika saya sedang belajar di ruangan saya, saya tidak akan
sementara) membiarkan orang lain mengganggu.)
where Nobody knows where she lives now.
Place (dimana), (Tidak ada yang tau dimana dia tinggal sekarang.)
(tempat) wherever We should be polite and pleasant wherever we live.
(dimanapun) (Kita sebaiknya sopan dan menyenangkan dimanapun kita tinggal.)
 She goes forward such a tank although/even though/though/while
although, many friends confronts her ambition.
even though, (Meskipun banyak teman menentang ambisinya, dia maju terus
though seperti tank.)
(meskipun),
Although/even though/while I’m annoyed, I try to think positively.
whereas
Contrast (Meskipun saya terganggu, saya mencoba untuk berpikir positif.)
(sebaliknya,
(pertentangan) Even if Bima is not qualified enough to enter the top university,
sedangkan),
he’ll try again next year.
while
(Kalaupun Bima tidak cukup berkualifikasi untuk masuk universitas
(meskipun),
top tersebut, dia akan mencoba lagi tahun depan.)
even if
(kalaupun) I like doing execise whereas my brother like sleeping.
(Saya suka berolahraga sedangkan saudara laki-laki saya suka tidur.)

Contoh Subordinate Conjunction

Contoh kalimat dengan subordinate conjunction dengan hubungan sebab akibat (cause-effect),
syarat (condition), tujuan (reason), dan cara (manner) adalah sebagai berikut. 

Subordinate
Hubungan Contoh Subordinate Conjunction dalam Complex Sentence
Conjunction
Since Yunika had free time during last holiday, she rearranged
As her house.
(karena), (Karena Yunika punya waktu luang selama liburan lalu, dia
Cause & because menata ulang rumahnya.)
Effect (karena), Many animals died because the dry season was very extreme.
(sebab since (Banyak binatang mati karena musim kering sangat ekstrim.)
akibat) (karena), Palestine is in war, so many Palestinian children have been
so/so that killed.
(sehingga) (Palestina sedang dalam peperangan, sehingga banyak anak-
anak Palestina terbunuh.)
She cooks by herself so that her family gets the best nutrition.
in order that
(Dia memasak sendiri agar keluarganya mendapatkan gizi
Purpose (agar),
terbaik.)
(tujuan) so that
He drove fast in order that he could arrived on time.
(agar)
(Dia mengemudi dengan cepat agar dia dapat tiba tepat waktu.)
Condition as long as She’ll come to my party only if you accompany her.
(syarat) (jika, dengan (Dia akan datang ke pesta saya hanya jika kamu menemaninya.)
syarat), As long as you follow the traffic regulation, you won’t be
if ticketed.
(jika, dengan (Jika kamu mengikuti peraturan lalu lintas, kamu tidak akan
syarat), ditilang.)
only if The party would be completely fun, providing the woman were
(hanya jika), not angry with the poor waitress.
 (Pesta itu akan sangat menyenangkan jika wanita tersebut tidak
marah dengan pelayan yang malang.)
Supposing you’re accepted, what would you do?
(Anggap kamu diterima, apa yang akan kamu lakukan?)
Unless TV viewers gave her donations, she would not be able to
buy gold, rice field, and house.
(Jika pemirsa TV tidak memberikan dia sumbangan, dia tidak
akan dapat membeli emas, sawah, dan rumah.)
otherwise
If you do not sleep enough, you will be hard to study at school.
(jika tidak),
(Jika kamu tidak cukup tidur, kamu akan sulit belajar di
or else
sekolah.)
(jika tidak),
provided/providing Do not forget to bring your boots, otherwise your feets will
(that) probably blister.
(jika, dengan (Jangan lupa untuk membawa sepatu bot-mu, jika tidak kakimu
syarat), mungkin akan lecet.)
as if I wonder how I learnt grammar uneffectively for almost fifteen
(seperti), years.
as though (Saya membayangkan bagaimana saya mempelajari grammar
Manner (seperti), dengan tidak efektif selama hampir lima belas tahun.)
(cara) how We sometimes do not realize the way God help us.
(bagaimana), (Kita kadang tidak menyadari cara Tuhan menolong kita.)
the way The man drove as if he was an F-1 racer.
(cara) (Pria itu mengemudi seakan-akan dia pembalap F-1.)

Pengertian Adverbial Conjunction

Adverbial conjunction / conjunctive adverb / connecting adverb adalah kata yang berfungsi
baik sebagai adverb (kata keterangan) maupun conjunction (kata hubung). Sebagai kata hubung,
kata ini berfungsi untuk menghubungkan dengan logis dua independent clause menjadi
compound sentence (kalimat majemuk), sedangkan sebagai adverb, berfungsi untuk
menerangkan clause yang kedua.
Adverbial conjunction dapat menempati posisi awal, tengah, atau akhir kalimat dan  memiliki
antara lain hubungan addition (penambahan), contrast (pertentangan), result (akibat/hasil), dan
time (waktu).

Contoh Kalimat Adverbial Conjunction

Contoh kalimat dengan adverbial conjunction dengan hubungan penambahan dan pertentangan
adalah sebagai berikut.

Hubungan Conjunction Contoh Kalimat Adverbial Conjunction

Atiek was my classmate in senior high school; also, she’s my
best friend until now.
(Atiek adalah teman sekelas saya di SMU. Selain itu dia teman
terbaik sampai sekarang.)
The scientists found that the question is difficult; besides, they
also,
needed to work hard to solved it.
besides,
Addition (Para ilmuan menemukan bahwa pertanyaan itu sulit. Tambahan
furthermore,
(penambahan) lagi, mereka butuh bekerja keras untuk memecahkannya.)
moreover
(tambahan lagi) Both gold and green kiwifruits are widely cultivated in New
Zealand; furthermore/moreover, they’re distributed to our
country.
(Baik kiwi emas maupun hijau dibudidayakan secara luas di
New Zealand. Tambahan lagi, mereka didistribusikan ke negara
kita.)
Natural resources of Indonesia spread from Sabang to marauke;
however/yet, they’re not utilized properly.
however, yet (Sumber daya alam di Indonesia tersebar dari Sabang sampai
(tapi, namun) Marauke. Namun mereka tidak dieksplorasi dengan benar.)
despite that, She looks tomboyish; despite that/in spite of that; she’s good
in spite of that at cooking.
nevertheless (Dia tampak tomboy. Meskipun demikian, dia pandai
nonetheless memasak.)
notwithstanding
The man wearing glasses seems serious and stiff;
(meskipun
Contrast nevertheless/nonetheless/notwithstanding/still, he sometimes
demikian)
(pertentangan) laughs out loud with his friends.
on the other
(Pria yang memakai kacamata itu tampak serius dan kaku.
hand
Meskipun demikian dia kadang-kadang tertawa keras dengan
still
teman-temannya.)
otherwise
(jika tidak) If the sun shines tomorrow, I’ll go swimming; otherwise,
rather maybe I’ll try the new recipe in the kitchen.
(sebaliknya, (Jika matahari bersinar besok, saya akan berenang; jika tidak,
malahan) mungkin saya akan mencoba resep baru di dapur.)
She’s not bad; rather, she’s very kind.
(Dia tidak jahat. Malahan dia sangat baik.)
Contoh Adverbial Conjunction (Result & Time)
Contoh kalimat dengan adverbial conjunction dengan hubungan akibat/hasil (result) dan waktu
(time) dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.

Adverbial
Hubungan Contoh Adverbial Conjunction dalam Kalimat
Conjunction
Lamborghini cars are very sophisticated; accordingly, I want to
have one.
(Mobil-mobil Lamborghini sangat canggih; karenanya, saya ingin
punya satu.)
The worker came late; consequently, his salary for the next moth
accordingly,
will be cut.
consequently,
(Pekerja itu datang terlambat. Sebagai akibatnya, gajinya bulan
hence,
Result depan akan dipotong.)
so,
(akibat) She loves to read psychology books; hence, she is easy to
therefore,
understand other people.
thus,
(Dia suka membaca buku-buku psikologi. Karena itu dia mudah
(oleh karena itu)
mengerti orang lain.)
Yulia drinks fresh milk and does exercise regularly;
so/therefore/thus, her bones are dense and strong.
(Yulia minum susu segar dan berolahraga teratur. Oleh karena itu,
tulangnya padat dan kuat.)
The rich sleeps on the warm and comfortable bed; meanwhile,
the poor sleeps on the damp and cold sidewalk.
meanwhile
(Orang kaya tidur di tempat tidur yang hangat dan nyaman;
(sementara itu)
sementara itu, orang miskin tidur di trotoar yg lembab dan
dingin.)
Time sequence: He built a business for many years tirelessly; finally, he got
finally success.
(akhirnya) (Dia membangun usaha selama bertahun-tahun tanpa kenal lelah.
then(lalu, Akhirnya, dia sukses.)
Time
kemudian) Slice onion, garlic, and chili, then, stir-fry them on a non-stick
(waktu)
After all/at last pan.
(setelah itu) (Iris bawang merah, bawang putih, dan cabai. Selanjutnya tumis
first, second di panci anti lengket.)
(pertama, kedua)
last He built a business for many years tirelessly; after all/at
(terakhir) last/finally, he got success.
next (Dia membangun usaha selama bertahun-tahun tanpa kenal lelah.
(selanjutnya, Akhirnya dia sukses.)
berikutnya)

Posisi Adverbial Conjunction

Posisi dan contoh adverbial conjunction dalam suatu kalimat dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai
berikut di bawah ini. 

Posisi Contoh Adverbial Conjunction

Yulia drinks fresh milk and does exercise regularly; therefore(for that
di awal kalimat
reason), her bones is dense and strong.
di tengah kalimat Her bones, therefore, they are dense and strong.
di akhir kalimat Her bones is dense and strong, therefore.

Modifikasi Tanda Baca

Modifikasi tanda baca comma (,) dan semicolon (;) serta contoh adverbial conjunction dalam
kalimat adalah sebagai berikut.

Ilustrasi
Contoh Kalimat Keterangan
Tanda Baca
complete
I’m not hungry; however, I want
idea; X,
some cheese.
complete idea.
complete
I’m not hungry; however; I want
idea; X;
some cheese. [1]
Hanya A atau B yang merupakan complete
complete idea.
idea.[2]&[3]Semicolon tidak digunakan karena
I don’t, however, I want some
A, X, B.[1] kalimat hanya terdiri dari satu complete idea.X
cheese.
= Adverbial Conjunction
However, I don’t want some
X, complete
cheese
idea.[2]
Complete I don’t want some cheese,
idea, X.[3] however

Kinds of Conjunctions

There are two main kinds of conjunctions:

Coordinating conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions join two clauses or sentences of equal rank. Here both clauses are
capable of being principal clauses if they appear as such in separate sentences.

A subordinating conjunction joins a principal or main clause and a subordinate clause. Note
that a subordinate clause cannot stand on its own and doesn’t make complete sense.

Coordinating conjunctions
The most common coordinating conjunctions are: and, but, or, nor, either…or, neither…nor,
yet, not only… but also…, both…and.

Coordinating conjunctions are of four kinds:

Additive (cumulative or copulative) conjunctions

An additive conjunction merely adds one statement to another. It doesn’t express ideas such as
contrast, choice or inference. Examples are: and, also, too, as well as, both…and, not only…
but also…

He walked into the room and sat on the sofa. (Here the additive conjunction and merely adds the
clauses ‘he walked into the room’ and ‘he sat on the sofa’.)
He was not only abused but also beaten. (Here the additive conjunction not only…but also…
joins the two clauses ‘he was abused’ and ‘he was beaten’.)
These lessons are both free and useful.

Adversative coordinating conjunctions

They express a contrast between two statements in a sentence. Examples are: but, nevertheless,
however, whereas, only, still etc.

He is poor but he is honest.

Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it.
The captain was annoyed, still he kept quiet.
She was late, still she was not punished.

Alternative conjunctions

Alternative conjunctions express a choice between two alternatives. Examples are: or, nor,
either…or, neither…nor, otherwise, else etc.

He is either a fool or a rogue.

You must leave this place at once or you will have to face the consequences.
Neither a borrower, nor a lender be.
He knows nothing about this work, neither does he try to learn anything about it.

Inferential or illative conjunctions

These conjunctions introduce some inference. Examples are: therefore, for, so etc.

Work hard, for nobody can succeed without hard work.

He was lazy, therefore, he failed.

Read more at http://www.englishpractice.com/improve/kinds-conjunctions/#5Kc01OXXUpFmOjRT.99

CONJUNCTIONS

Conjunctions are words used as joiners.

Different kinds of conjunctions join different kinds of grammatical structures.

The following are the kinds of conjunctions:

       

A. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS (FANBOYS)

for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

Coordinating conjunctions join equals to one another:

            words to words,          phrases to phrases,          clauses to clauses.

         

Coordinating conjunctions usually form looser connections than other conjunctions do.

Coordinating conjunctions go in between items joined, not at the beginning or end.

       

Punctuation with coordinating conjunctions:

When a coordinating conjunction joins two words, phrases, or subordinate clauses, no

comma should be placed before the conjunction.
           

A coordinating conjunction joining three or more words, phrases, or subordinate

clauses creates a series and requires commas between the elements.

           

A coordinating conjunction joining two independent clauses creates a compound

sentence and requires a comma before the coordinating conjunction

          

   

        

B. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

either. . .or both. . . and

neither. . . nor not only. . . but also

             

These pairs of conjunctions require equal (parallel) structures after each one.
 

C. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

These conjunctions join independent clauses together.

The following are frequently used conjunctive adverbs:

after all in addition next

also incidentally nonetheless
as a result indeed on the contrary
besides in fact on the other hand
consequently in other words otherwise
finally instead still
for example likewise then
furthermore meanwhile therefore
hence moreover thus
however nevertheless  

Punctuation Place a semicolon before the conjunctive adverb and a comma after the
: conjunctive adverb.

     

D. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

These words are commonly used as subordinating conjunctions

 
 after in order (that) unless
although insofar as until
as in that when
as far as lest whenever
as soon as no matter how where
as if now that wherever
as though once whether
because provided (that) while
before since why
even if so that
even though supposing (that)
how than
if that
inasmuch as though
in case (that) till

Subordinating conjunctions also join two clauses together, but in doing so, they make
one clause dependent (or "subordinate") upon the other.

A subordinating conjunction may appear at a sentence beginning or between two

clauses in a sentence.

   
A subordinate conjunction usually provides a tighter connection between clauses than a
coordinating conjunctions does.

Loose: It is raining, so we have an umbrella.

Tight: Because it is raining, we have an umbrella.

Punctuation Note:

When the dependent clause is placed first in a sentence, use a comma between the two clauses. 
When the independent clause is placed first and the dependent clause second, do not separate the
two clauses with a comma.