LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA

DIDIK MATEMATIKA

PELUANG
EMPIRIK DAN
PELUANG
TEORITIK

NAMA : ..............................................
KELAS / NO.ABSEN : ....................... /.....................
MATA PELAJARAN : ..............................................

KOMPETENSI DASAR

3.1 Menjelaskan peluang empirik dan

teoretik suatu kejadian dari suatu

percobaan

4.1 Menyelesaikan masalah yang berkaitan

dengan peluang empirik dan teoretik

suatu kejadian dari suatu percobaan

 STIMULATI
ON
Pernahkah kamu mengikuti undian berhadiah dalam acara Jalan Sehat ? Biasanya
undian akan diberikan berupa kupon dan kupon-kupon inilah yang nantinya akan
diundi. Semakin banyak kupon yang dikumpulkan oleh peserta maka semakin
besar harapan konsumen tersebut untuk memenangkan hadiah. Harapan suatu
kejadian dapat terjadi dalam matematika biasa disebut dengan peluang empirik.
Bagaimana cara menghitung peluang empirik? Mari ikuti kegiatan dibawah ini
untuk lebih mengetahuinya.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Pada percobaan pelambungan dadu sebanyak 100 kali,

mata dadu 4 muncul sebanyak 25 kali. Tentukanlah :

a. Jika A menyatakan pelambungan mata dadu 4

muncul, maka banyaknya kejadian A

n(A) = .....

b. Jika M menyatakan banyaknya percobaan

pelambungan dadu, maka M = ..... kali.

c. Jika fA menyatakan perbandingan banyaknya

kejadian A dan banyaknya percobaan, maka

… ..
fA =
..…
 DATA COLLECTING

Dyah dan Lorenza sedang melakukan suatu percobaan dengan menggunakan 2 buah
uang koin. Mereka melemparkan dua buah koin tersebut sebanyak 40 kali, kemudian
mereka mencatat hasilnya seperti tabel berikut ini.

N Koin 1 Koin 2 Keterangan Frekuensi

o
1 Angka Angka (A , A) 12
2 Angka Gambar (A , G) 8
3 Gambar Angka (G , A) 5
4 Gambar Gambar (G , G) 15
Jumlah 40

Dari tabel di atas, tuliskan informasi yang kalian dapat :

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Lalu tentukanlah :

a. Peluang munculnya ke2 koin itu sama

b. Peluang munculnya koin ke1 angka dan koin ke2 gambar
c. Peluang munculnya koin ke1 gambar dan koin ke2 angka
 PENYELESAIAN

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 DATA PROCESSING

Setelah kegitan di atas, coba kerjakan soal berikut ini menggunakan rumus
yang sama.
Sheila memiliki sebuah kantong berisi bola yang terdiri dari 5 bola merah, 7
bola biru dan 6 bola hijau. Sheila ingin mengambil sebuah bola dalam kantong
tersebut secara acak.
Tentukanlah:
a. Peluang terambilnya bola berwarna merah
b. Peluang terambilnya bola berwarna hijau
c. Jika Sheila mengambil bola sebanyak 4 kali pengambilan. Tentukan
peluang terambilnya bola berwarna merah.

PENYELESAIAN
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VERIFICATION

Dari kegiatan yang telah dilakukan, apabila ada suatu kejadian A yang dilakukan
sebanyak M kali, maka suatu frekuensi relatif suatu kejadian tersebut fA dapat
dihitung dengan perbandingan banyaknya kejadian A terhadap banyaknya
percobaan yang dilakukan, dapat ditulis yaitu:

… ..
fA= … ..
 STIMULATI
ON
Sebelum kita menemukan cara menghitung peluang teoritik, mari kita ingat
kembali cara menentukan ruang sampel dan titik sampel. Ruang sampel adalah
himpunan dari semua hasil yang mungkin pada suatu percobaan/kejadian. Titik
sampel adalah anggota-angota dari ruang sampel atau kemungkinan-
kemungkinan yang muncul.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Pada percobaan pelemparan sebuah dadu, maka :

Ruang sampelnya adalah S = {.... , .... , .... , .... , .... , ....}

Titik sampelnya adalah : (....),(....),(....),(....),(....),(....)

Materi ruang sampel ini sangat berguna sekali pada peluang teoritik, karena
materi ruang sampel merupakan dasar untuk menentukan peluang teoritik.

DATA COLLECTING

Deo dan Tio sedang bermain ludo dengan menggunakan sebuah

dadu. Dalam sekali pelambungan dadu nilai yang akan ditunjukkan
adalah 1 sampai 6. Pion Deo berada di belakang pion Tio sejauh 4
kotak. Agar posisi pion Deo berada di depan pion Tio, maka
pelambungan dadu Deo haruslah menunjukkan nilai mata dadu
minimal 5. Tentukanlah :

a. Ruang sampel percobaan (S)

b. Banyak anggota ruang sampel (n(S))
c. Jika A menyatakan kejadian pelambungan dadu Deo agar berada
di depan pion Tio. Tentukan ruang sampelnya (A)
d. Banyak anggota A (n(A))
n(A)
e. Perbandingan banyak anggota (A) dan (S). ( )
n ( S)
 PENYELESAIAN
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 DATA PROCESSING

Dengan menggunakan rumus perbandingan banyaknya anggota

kejadian terhadap banyaknya anggota ruang sampel, carilah peluang
pada percobaan berikut ini.

Annisa dan Andri sedang bermain sut batu-

gunting-kertas, di mana pemain yang
mengeluarkan bentuk batu akan menang dari
gunting, pemain yang mengeluarkan bentuk
gunting akan menang dari kertas dan pemain
yang mengeluarkan bantuk kertas akan
menang dari batu. Untuk lebih jelas,
perhatikan gambar di samping dan tentukan
peluang nilai seri dari permainan tersebut!

PENYELESAIAN
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 VERIFICATION

Dengan mendata ruang sampel dan titik sampel dari kegiatan yang telah dilakukan,
maka didapatkan cara untuk menghitung peluang teoritik suatu percobaan yaitu:

… ..
P(A) =
… ..
 Generalization
Ayo buat kesimpulan mengenai peluang empirik dan teoritik berdasarkan kegiatan
yang telah dilakukan!

KESIMPULAN

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 LATIHAN
SOAL

1. Sebuah huruf dipilih secara acak dari huruf-huruf dalam kata

“MATEMATIKA”. Tentukanlah:
a. Ruang sampelnya.
b. Titik sampel kejadian terpilihnya huruf A.

2. Dalam sebuah kantong terdapat 8 buah bola yang diberi nomor 1

sampai 8. Azka ingin mengambil bola secara acak. Tentukanlah:
a. Ruang sampelnya.
b. Titik sampel kejadian terambil bola dengan nomor ganjil.

3. Dalam sebuah permainan diharuskan kita melambungkan sebuah

dadu sebanyak 20 kali. Tentukan berapa frekuensi harapan muncul
mata dadu bilangan prima !

4. Dalam sebuah permainan monopoli, 3 pemain menggunakan 2 dadu

yang dilempar sekaligus. Sepanjang permaian, setiap pemain
melempar dadu sebanyak 30 kali. Tentukanlah frekuensi harapan
munculnya mata dadu kembar sepanjang permaian !

SELAMAT MENGERJAKAN