ILMUGIZI DASAR

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan yang Maha Esa yang telah
banyak memberikan kenikmatan yang tiada bandingannya karena berkat limpahan
rahmatnya maka penyusun akhirnya dapat menyelesaikan penyusun modul
metabolisme zat gizi .

Modul Metabolisme Zat Gizi ini dipersiapkan dalam rangka membantu

pengadaan sarana pendidikan terutama dalam Metaboliame Zat Gizi . Secara garis
besar bertujuan untuk melatih calon Gizi (S-1) dan mengabdikan ilmu dan
kehaliannya di masyarakat. Oleh karena itu setelah mengikuti materi Metabolisme
Zat Gizi dan menyelesaikan materi ini, mahasiswa diharapkan dapat dengan
terampil mengetahui tentang gizi dasar.

Penyusun menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa petunjuk materi Metabolisme Zat

Gizi. ini masih banyak kekurangannya dan jauh dari sempurna, sehingga saran
dan kritik yang konstruktif sangat penyusun butuhkan demi perbaikan buku
petunjuk Metabolisme Zat Gizi ini. Semoga modul petunjuk ini dapat bermanfaat
sebelum melakukan materi Metabolisme Zat Gizi.

Lubuk Pakam, Oktober 2014

Dosen Matakuliah

PROGRAM STUDI GIZI (S-1) INSTITUT KESEHATAN MEDISTRA i

LUBUK PAKAM
 ILMUGIZI DASAR

DAFTAR ISI

Judul Halaman

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. i

KATA PENGANTAR.................................................................................... ii

BAB I PENGANTAR METABOLISME ZAT GIZI.................................. 1

A. Latar Belakang........................................................................................ 1

B. Pengertian Metabolisme Gizi................................................................. 1

C. Peranan Mineral dalam Metabolisme...................................................... 2

D. Makanan Sumber Iodium........................................................................ 3

E. Akibat dan Kelebihan Iodium................................................................. 3

F. Pengaruh zat gizi lain terhadap Iodium................................................... 4

G. Metabolisme Iodium Dalam Tubuh....................................................... 5

BAB II METABOLISME KARBOHIDRAT............................................... 7

A. Latar Belakang ....................................................................................... 8

PROGRAM STUDI GIZI (S-1) INSTITUT KESEHATAN MEDISTRA ii

LUBUK PAKAM
 ILMUGIZI DASAR

B. Pengertian Metabolisme.......................................................................... 8
C. Pembagian Karbohidrat........................................................................... 9
D. Fungsi Karbohidrat.................................................................................. 9
E. Proses Siklus Asam Sitrat....................................................................... 17

BAB III METABOLISME GIZI SARAF..................................................... 20

A. Latar Belakang........................................................................................ 20
B. Kasus Terkait Metabolisme Tubuh......................................................... 20
C. Mekanisme Gerak................................................................................... 24
BAB IV METABOLISME LEMAK ............................................................ 27
A. Latar Belakang........................................................................................ 27
B. Definisi Metabolisme Lipid.................................................................... 30
C. Transport Lipid........................................................................................ 32
D. Metabolisme Jaringan Lemak................................................................. 34
BAB V METABOLISME PROTEIN........................................................... 38
A. Latar Belakang........................................................................................ 38
B. Ciri-ciri Molekul Protein......................................................................... 39
C. Metabolisme protein................................................................................ 39
D. Sintesis Protein........................................................................................ 40
E. Translasi Protein...................................................................................... 41
F. Transkripsi Protein.................................................................................. 41
G. Funsi Protein........................................................................................... 42

BAB VI VITAMIN LARUT AIR.................................................................. 43

A. Definisi Vitamin...................................................................................... 43
B. Klasifikasi Vitamin larut dalam air......................................................... 43
C. Pencernaan Vitamin Larut Air................................................................ 49
D. Metabolisme Vitamin Larut Air.............................................................. 49

BAB VII KARAKTERISTIK VITAMIN LARUT LEMAK ..................... 51

A. Latar Belakang........................................................................................ 51

PROGRAM STUDI GIZI (S-1) INSTITUT KESEHATAN MEDISTRA iii

LUBUK PAKAM
 ILMUGIZI DASAR

B. Definisi Vitamin larut dalam lemak ....................................................... 51

C. Jenis-jenis Vitamin.................................................................................. 52
BAB VIII MINERAL .................................................................................... 56
A. Pengertian Mineral ................................................................................. 56
B. Jenis-jenis Mineral ................................................................................. 57

BAB IX ZAT GIZI MAKRO......................................................................... 60

A. Latar Belakang........................................................................................ 60
B. Definisi Karbohidrat................................................................................ 60
C. Jenis-jenis Zat Makro.............................................................................. 62
BAB X ZAT GIZI MIKRO............................................................................ 63
A. Definisi Mineral Mikro........................................................................... 63
B. Jenis-jenis Mineral Mikro....................................................................... 63
BAB XI INTELERANSI METABOLISME GIZI....................................... 67
A. Latar Belakang........................................................................................ 67
B. Pengertian Kelainan Metabolik .............................................................. 67
C. Klasifikasi................................................................................................ 67
D. Kelainan Metabolik................................................................................. 67
E. Kelainan Metabolik Asan Amino............................................................ 70
F. Kelainan Metabolik Lemak..................................................................... 72
BAB XII KONSEP GIZI................................................................................ 74
A. Latar Belakang........................................................................................ 74
B. Bahan Zat Gizi........................................................................................ 76
C. Zat Gizi ................................................................................................... 79
BAB XIII ZAT GIZI NABATI...................................................................... 83
A. Latar Belakang ....................................................................................... 83
BAB XIV ZAT GIZI HEWANI..................................................................... 84
A. Latar Belakang ....................................................................................... 84
B. Jenis-jenis Gizi Nabati............................................................................ 85

DAFTAR PUSTAKA...................................................................................... 88

PROGRAM STUDI GIZI (S-1) INSTITUT KESEHATAN MEDISTRA iv

LUBUK PAKAM
 ILMUGIZI DASAR

PROGRAM STUDI GIZI (S-1) INSTITUT KESEHATAN MEDISTRA v

LUBUK PAKAM