ASPECT NEUROLOGICAL
ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)
Agung Budi Setyawan
Psychiatry Department
Lecturer Faculty of Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya
Abstract
Until now there is no theory that says the exact cause of ADHD, but some theories say there are various
contributing factors, including: genetic, minimal brain damage, neurobiology, neuro-chemistry, psychosocial,
food, et cetera. In the last decade considerable amount of research that proves that neurological factors have a
role and a significant influence on the development of ADHD. That's why understanding the neurological aspect
of ADHD is needed to be done as early handling and holisticaly possible so that it can reduce the negative
impacts that can occur both in children with ADHD, parents, schools, and communities.
* Short Acting
2,5 – 25 mg 4 – 6 jam 1 x/hari
Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine *tab. @ 5mg
- Tablet/spansul *spansul @
5mg, 10mg, 15mg
2,5 – 25mg *Elixir: 2x/hari
4 – 6 jam
- Elixir 5mg/5cc
18,75 – 112,5 mg tablet @
6 – 10 jam
* Pemoline (Cylert) 18,75 mg
37,5 mg
75 mg
Efek samping psikostimulan yang tersering adalah : genetik, minimal brain damage,
adalah insomnia, berkurangnya nafsu makan neurobilogi, neurokimiawi, psikososial,
sampai berat badan menurun, kadang-kadang makanan, dan lain sebagainya. Dalam dekade
sakit kepala. Bila sebelum dan saat pengobatan terakhir cukup banyak penelitian yang
anak ADHD menunjukkan gejala sukar makan, membuktikan bahwa faktor neurologi memiliki
maka perlu diberikan vitamin untuk nafsu peran dan pengaruh yang cukup signifikan
makan misalnya curcuma plus, atau terhadap perkembangan ADHD. Itulah
cyproheptidine tablet serta pemberian obat sebabnya pemahaman aspek neurologis
stimulansia bersama dengan makan. Bila terhadap ADHD diperlukan agar dapat
timbul gejala efek samping sukar tidur, dilakukan penanganan sedini dan seholistik
sebaiknya pemberian malam hari tak mungkin sehingga bisa mengurangi berbagai
dilakukan, dilakukan membaca lebih dahulu dampak negatif yang dapat terjadi baik pada
sebelum tidur (bedtime reading), dapat anak ADHD, orang tua, sekolah, maupun
diberikan obat tidur bila sangat diperlukan masyarakat.
(adjunctive agent). Hal penting lain yang perlu diperhatikan dalam
penegakan diagnosa ADHD adalah adanya
IX. RINGKASAN gangguan-gangguan komorbid yang
ADHD atau gangguan pemusatan menyertai pasien-pasien ADHD, diantaranya
perhatian/ hiperaktivitas adalah suatu ialah developmental, learning, and medical
gangguan psikiatrik yang cukup banyak problems (developmental language
ditemukan dengan gejala utama inatensi, problems, learning disabilities, motor
hiperaktivitas dan impulsivitas yang tidak coordination weaknesses, sleep disorders,
konsisten dengan tingkat perkembangan anak, tic disorder, etc); dan behavioral and
remaja, atau orang dewasa. Belum ada tes yang emotional problems (oppositional bihavioral
spesifik untuk menetapkan diagnosa ADHD. disorder, explosive behavior, mood disorder,
Assesmen dilakukan secara multifaktorial baik conduct or anti-social problem, substance
psikiatrik, biologik, maupun lingkungan. abuse, etc). Penanganan pasien ADHD perlu
Sampai saat ini belum ada teori yang dilakukan secara individual dan eklektik
menyebutkan penyebab pasti dari ADHD, holistik baik terapi perilaku, terapi
namun beberapa teori menyebutkan adanya medikamentosa, edukasi keluarga, edukasi
berbagai faktor yang ikut berperan, diantaranya lingkungan sekolah, maupun kombinasinya.
treatment of attention deficit
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