1. Quality terms
Barang yang dipesan kepada seller umumnya sesuai dengan
kehendak pembeli. Sudah mengikat atau mengikuti kualitas dari pembeli dalam
bentuk :
- Penjualan sesuai contoh
- Penjualan sesuai ketentuan pembeli
i. Penjualan sesuai merk dagang
ii. Penjualan sesuai kualitas dari pembeli
iii. Penjualan sesuai spesifikasi pembeli
iv. Penjualan sesuai standar yang berlaku terutama produksi
agricultural
Dimana kualitas itu sendiri diperiksa pada saat pemberangkatan dan
pemeriksaan kembali pada saat tempat tujuan
2. Price Terms
Sesuai dengan uraian barang, harga ditentukan dalam satuan dan jumlah
keseluruhan, dengan ketentuan harga di pabrik (exwork) di kapal (FOB) atau
CIF. Beberapa parameter mengenai harga perlu dimengerti karena
menyangkut biaya angkutan dan asuransi dimana ketentuan internasional
berlaku pada angkutan (incoterms) dan Marine Insurance, mana yang dicover
atau yang tidak bisa ditanggung.
2.3 INCOTERMS
2.4 Asuransi
Suatu dokumen yang dikeluarkan oleh Maskapai Asuransi atau Underwriter
yang berisikan suatu perjanjian pertanggungan antara tertanggung dan
penanggung. Dalam setiap polis harus mencantumkan :
1. Tanggal ditutupnya pertanggungan
2. Nama dan alamat tertanggung
3. Uraian yang cukup jelas mengenai objek pertanggungan
4. Jumlah nilai pertanggungan
5. Bahaya atau risiko dan kondisi pertanggungan yang diminta tertanggung
6. Jangka waktu pertanggungan
7. Semua keadaan atau keterangan lain yang penting diketahui penanggung
dan syarat-syarat yang diperjanjikan antar kedua belah pihak.
Good description
Uraian atas barang memakai bermacam satuan yang masih tetap
digunakan dalam perdagangan internasional seperti satuan metric maupun ponds.
Dianjurkan untuk menyederhanakan istilah ataupun keterangan untuk menghindari
salah pengertian
Singkat
Goods Description sesingkat mungkin sesuai UCP 500 article 5
Uraian berlebihan
Goods description jangan terlalu berlebihan (co excessive detail)
Kurang proteksi
Permintaan memasukkan uraian berlebihan sering membuat pendapat
keliru bahwa applicant justru melindungi dirinya
Mass is mess
Kenyataannya, setiap bertambah komplikasi L/C, akan lebih cenderung
menimbulkan masalah. Jalan untuk menghindari penipuan adalah
menghindari kesepakatan dengan kelicikan yang mencoba membuat uraian
yang bersifat amat luas.
Dasar Pikiran Sehat (Common Sense)
Secara bersama-sama dengan bank untuk menghindari L/C dari hal yagn
mengganggu semua pihak atau hal yang tidak berguna bagi beneficiary
karena L/C meminta dokumen yang tidak dapat diperoleh atau uraian yang
tidak dapat dipenuhi dalam dokumen yang diterapkan
Ketentuan UCP 500 Article 39 yang mengatur :
10% kelonggaran (leeway), jika ada kata “about”, “approximately”, “circa”
atau ungkapan yang sama artinya dalam hubungan dengan quantity dan
atau unit price. Kata-kata di atas dapat juga berlkau atas “amount”.
5% kelonggaran, pada quantity akan diperbolehkan, kecuali L/C
mensyaratkan lain kecuali quantity ditetapkan dalam satuan unit kemasan
(misalnya kolli) atau sebutan satuan barang (misalnya unit, pallet) namun
jumlah penarikan tidak diperbolehkan melampaui nilai L/C
Article 8
(1) For the purpose of this convention statements made by and other conduct
of a party are to be interpreted according to this intent where the other party
knew of could not have been unaware what that intent was.
(2) If the preceding paragraph is not applicable, statements made by and other
conduct of a party are to interpreted according to the understanding that a
reasonable person of the same kind as the other party would have had in
the same circumstances.
(3) In determining the intent of a party or the understanding a reasonable
person would have had, due consideration is to be given to all relevant
circumstances of the case including the negotiations, any practices which
the parties have established between themselves, usages and any
subsequent conduct of the parties.
Article 11
A contract of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing and is not
subject to any other requirement as to form. It may proved by any means, including
witnesses
Article 12
Any provision of article 11, article 29 or Part II of this Convention that allows a
contract of sale or its modification or termination by agreement of any offer,
acceptance or other indication of intention to be made in any form other than in
writing does not apply where any party has his place of business in a Contracting
State which has made a declaration under article 96 of this Convention. The
parties many not derogate from or vary the effect of this article
Article 25
A breach of contract commited by one of the parties is fundamental if it results in
such detriment to the other party as substantially to deprive him of what he is
entitled to expect under the contract, unless the party in breach did not foresee
and reasonable person of the same kind in the same circumstances would not
have foreseen such a result
Article 30
The seller must deliver the goods, hand over any documents relating to them and
transfer the property in the goods, as required by the contract and this convention
Article 33
The seller must deliver the goods :
(a) if a date is fixed by on determinable from the contract,
on that data;
(b) if a period of time is fixed by or determinable from the
contract, at any time within that period unless circumstances indicate that the
buyer is to choose a date; or
(c) in any other case, within a reasonable time after the
conclusion of the contract
Article 35
(1) The seller must deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality and
description required by the contract and which are contained or packaged in
the manner required by the contract
(2) Except where the parties have agreed otherwise, the goods do not confirm
with the contact unless they :
(a) are fit for the purpose for which goods of the same description would
ordinarily be used
(b) are fit for any particular purpose expressly or impliedly made known
to the seller at the time of conclusion of the contract, except where the
circumstances show that the buyer did not rely , or that it was
unreasonable for him to rely, on the seleer’s skill and judgement
(c) are contained or package in the manner usual for such goods or,
where there is not such manner, in a manner adequate to preserve and
protect the goods
(3) The seller is not liable under subparagraphs (a) to (d) of the preceding
paragraph for any lack of conformity of the goods if at the time of the
conclusion of the contract the buyer knew or could not have been unaware
of such lack conformity
Article 41
The seller must deliver goods which are free from any right or clain of a third
party, unless the buyer agreed to take the goods subject to that right or claim.
However, if such right or claim is based on industrial property or other
intellectual property, the seller’s obligation is governed by article 42
Article 46
(1) The buyer may require performance by the seller of this obligation unless
the buyer has resorted to a remedy which is inconsistent with this
requirement
(2) If the goods do not confirm with the contract, the buyer may require delivery
of substitute goods only if the lack or conformity constitutes a fundamental
breach of contract and a request for substitute goods is made either in
conjunction with notice given under article 39 or within a reasonable time
thereafter
(3) If the goods do not confirm with the contract, the buyer may require the
seller to remedy the lack of conformity by repair, unless this is unreasonable
having regard to all circumstances. A request for repair must be made
either in conjunction with notice given under article 39 or within a
reasonable time thereafter
Pengepakan :
No. 1 Tiap mobil dibungkus dalam kotak karton gelombang
10 kotak dimasukkan dalam sebuah peti kayu
1. Pengapalan
1.1Tanggal pengapalan : paling lambat 31 Desember 20..
1.2 Pengepakan sebagian :DILARANG
1.3 Pindah kapal : DILARANG
1.4 Tujuan : Yokohama-Japan
1.5 Merek pengapalan : DKK
Order No.
L/C No.
Yokohama-Japan
2. Pembayaran : dengan pembukaan satu “Irrevocable Letter of Credit” atas
nama Penjual pada Bank Mandiri Cabang Jepara selambatnya tanggal 15
Desember 20..
3. Syarat khusus : Dokumen berikut ini wajib diserahkan Penjual dalam rangkap
tiga ditambah copy yang harus dikirimkan dengan pos udara kepada Pembeli :
1. Seperangkat lengkap konosemen “muat” ( On Board) yang
bersih
2. Faktur niaga yang ditandatangani
3. Sertifikat Pemeriksaan yang diterbitkan oleh PT. Sucofindo
4. Surat Keterangan Negara Asal yang diterbitkan oleh
Depperindag
4. Syarat lainnya : Pengapalan selain dari peti kemas tidak diperbolehkan
5. Rujukan : Surat Anda No. 039/Ind/20..
Surat kami No. 01/Exp/IX/20..