Mathematics Course (Perumnas Panji Permai K4 Situbondo)

MODUL MATEMATIKA KELAS VII SMP

MATERI “PERBANDINGAN”

A. PERBANDINGAN SENILAI
Perbandingan senilai berkaitan dengan perbandingan dua buah besaran, di mana
jika besaran yang satu berubah naik/turun, maka besaran yang lain juga berunah
naik/turun.
Contoh masalah yang berkaitan dengan perbandingan senilai adalah :
 Jumlah barang yang dibeli dengan harga yang harus di bayar
 Jumlah konsumsi bahan bakar dan jarak yang ditempuh
 Jumlah kaleng cat dan luas permukaan yang bisa di cat
 dan lain-lain
Cara menyelesaikan masalah perbandingan senilai adalah dengan :
a. Menentukan Nilai Satuan
Dilakukan dengan menentukan nilai satuan dari besaran yang dibandingkan, baru
kemudian dikalikan dengan besaran yang ditanyakan.

b. Menuliskan Pebandingan Senilai

Dilakukan dengan perbandingan langsung antara dua keadaan atau lebih
Misalkan diketahui dua besaran A dan B

Karena berlaku perbandingan senilai maka :

Berdasarkan hubungan tersebut diperoleh :

Contoh :
Sebuah kendaraan dapat menempuh jarak 24 km dengan mengkonsumsi bensin 2 liter.
Berapa liter bensin yang diperlukan untuk menempuh jarak 60 km ?
Jawab :
24 km ¿ 2 liter bensin
60 km ¿ x liter bensin
Maka,
24 2
¿
60 x
24 x ¿ 2 ×60
 Mathematics Course (Perumnas Panji Permai K4 Situbondo)

2× 60
x¿
24
x ¿ 5 liter
Jadi untuk menempuh jarak 60 km diperlukan bensin sebanyak 5 liter

Soal – Soal !
1. Harga 1 lusin buku tulis adalah Rp. 48.000,00. Berapa harga 6 buku tulis?
Jawab :
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2. Sebuah konveksi dapat menjahit 150 potong pakaian selama 6 hari. Berapa banyak
pakaian yang dapat dijahit selama 21 hari?
Jawab :
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3. Seorang pedagang mampu menjual 28 botol sirup dengan harga Rp. 184.800,00. Pada
minggu berikutnya sirup yang terjual 2 lusin. Hitung jumlah uang hasil penjualan sirup
tersebut.
Jawab :
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 Mathematics Course (Perumnas Panji Permai K4 Situbondo)

4. Biaya penginapan di suatu hotel untuk 3 hari adalah Rp. 52.500,00. Jika pak Amir
mengeluarkan biaya sebanyak Rp. 1.575.000,00, berapa lama ia menginap di hotel?
Jawab :
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5. Jika ani membeli 2 buah buku dengan harga Rp 6.500,00. Maka jika ani membutuhkan lagi
2,5 lusin buku tulis, berapa uang yang ani butuhkan?
Jawab :
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B. PERBANDINGAN BERBALIK NILAI

Perbandingan berbalik nilai berkaitan dengan membandingkan dua buah
keadaan di mana jika besaran yang satu bertambah/berkurang maka besaran yang lain
berkurang/bertambah.
Masalah yang berkaitan dengan perbandingan berbalik nilai antara lain :
 Banyaknya pekerja dengan waktu yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan
(untuk pekerjaan yang sama)
 Kecepatan dengan waktu tempuh (untuk jarak yang sama)
 Banyaknya ternak dan waktu untuk menghabiskan makanan tersebut (untuk jumlah
makanan ternak yang sama)
 Dan sebagainya

Misalkan diketahui dua besaran A dan B

Berdasarkan hubungan tersebut diperoleh :

 Mathematics Course (Perumnas Panji Permai K4 Situbondo)

Contoh :
Suatu pekerjaan akan selesai dalam waktu 42 hari jika dikerjakan oleh 12 orang. Berapa
lama pekerjaan yang sama akan selesai jika dikerjakan oleh 14 orang ?
Jawab :
42 hari ¿ 12 orang
x hari ¿ 14 orang
Maka,
42 ×12 ¿ x × 14
42 ×12
¿x
14
36 hari = x
Jadi jika pekerjaan tersebut dikerjakan oleh 14 pekerja akan selesai dalam waktu 36 hari.

Soal – Soal !
1. Jarak kota A ke kota B sama dengan jarak kota B ke kota C. Jika AB dapat ditempuh
dengan kecepatan 40 km/jam selama 10 jam, berapakah kecepatan yang harus
ditambahkan jika jarak BC akan ditempuh selama 8 jam ?
Jawab :
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2. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk membaca 300 kata adalah 1 menit. Untuk membaca 1 buah
buku cerita ialah membutuhkan waktu 4 jam. Andi mempunyai kecepatan membaca 400
kata per menit, berupa waktu yang dibutuhkan Andi untuk membaca cerita yang sama?
Jawab :
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 Mathematics Course (Perumnas Panji Permai K4 Situbondo)

3. Dengan kecepatan 54 putaran per menit (rpm), sebuah piringan hitam, mampu berputar
selama 18 menit. Jika piringan hitam itu berputar selama 12 menit, berapa kecepatannya?
Jawab :
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4. Seorang peternak mempunyai persediaan makanan untuk 20 ekor kambing selama 18

hari. Kemudian peternak membeli 4 ekor lagi, berapa lama persediaan itu akan habis?
Jawab :
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5. Seorang ibu membagikan kue kepada 28 anak, masing-masing anak mendapat 4 potong
kue. Jika kue itu dibagikan kepada 16 anak, berapa banyak kue yang diterima masing-
masing anak?
Jawab :
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