POTENSI DAN PEMANFAATAN SDG

MANGGIS DAN KERABATNYA

Dr. Ir. ELLINA MANSYAH

Bincang-Bincang Buah Tropika , 28 Septtember 2021

 OUTLINE

1. PENDAHULUAN
2. KERAGAMAN Garcinia sp
3. POTENSI PEMANFAATAN Garcinia sp
4. MASALAH DALAM PEMANFAATAN Carcia sp dan
KERABATNYA.
5. KESIMPULAN
 PENDAHULUAN
 Indonesia memiliki keragaman SDG buah tropis yang
besar, baik yang dibudidayakan maupun yang liar.

 Buah tropis juga merupakan bagian dari budaya

Indonesia, seperti untuk acara keagamaan, upacara
pernikahan, dan bumbu makanan tradisional.

 Konservasi jenis buah tropis budidaya dan liar sangat

diperlukan karena akan memberikan manfaat
langsung bagi kehidupan manusia, pengembangan
produk baru serta menjaga ekosistem alam.
 MANFAAT Garcinia sp
 Dikenal sebagai super fruits (high of anti-oxidant)
 Potensial untuk bioindustry :
1. MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN
2. PANGAN FUNGSIONAL:
 Berfungsi untuk diet
 Sumber nutrisi dan energi
 Bermanfaat mengontrol/modifikasi satu atau beberapa
fungsi target dalam tubuh melalui peningkatan respon
fisiologi dan atau mengurangi resiko penyakit
3. KOSMETIKA
4. INDUSTRI LAINNYA
 KERAGAMAN Garcinia sp
Di Indonesia tercatat 78 species Garcinia , 22 di antaranya terdapat
di Sumatera. Terdiri dari spesies budidaya dan wild spesies.
1. Manggis (Garcinia mangostana )
2. Asam gelugur (G. atroviridis)
3. Asam kandis (G. xanthocymus),
4. Kandis gajah (G. nervosa)
5. Manggis (G. macrophylla)
6. Garcinia forbesii
7. Garcinia porecta
8. Garcinia celebica
9. G. Sizigifolia
10. Garcinia latissima
11. Garcinia dulcis
12. Garcinia bancana
13. Garcinia tinctoria
14. Garcinia prainiana
 1. MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana)
Komponen Kulit buah manggis Daging buah manggis
Karbohidrat (mg/100 g) 102,0
Protein (mg/100 g) 3,48 3,00
Lemak (mg/100 g) 2,02
Xanthone (mg/100 g) 123,97 3,56
Vitamin B1 (mg/100 g) 20,66 14,36
Vitamin B2 (mg/100 g) 1,79 1,30
Vitamin B6 (mg/100 g) 0,948 0,24
Vitamin C (mg/100 g) 17,92 35,00
Vitamin E (mg/100 g) 0,56 0,83
Kalsium (mg/100 g) 21,72 20,29
Besi (mg/100 g) 3,68 2,49
Fosfor (mg/100 g) 8,0 9,10
Energi (k kal/100 g ) 121 121,00
ASPEK KESEHATAN:

Analgesic Cardiovasculer Anti-parasitic

Katarak anti viral Fibromyalgia
Anti-pathogenic Anti-aging Arthritis
Anti-fungal Diet Maag
Anti-diabetic Parkinson Kurang energi
Osteoporosis Hypertensi Diare
Infeksi kulit Migrain Anti-lipidemic
Cardiovasculer Anti-Tumor Anti-Inflammatory
Iritasi usus besar Pengerasan arteri Stimulasi pertumbuhan
sel darah merah
PRODUK OLAHAN MAKANAN / MINUMAN
PRODUK OLAHAN MAKANAN / MINUMAN
PRODUK KESEHATAN
KOSMETIK
KANDIS (G. Xanthocymus)
Asam Kandis (G. xanthocymus)

1. Buah
Mengandung Senyawa rubraxanthone and isocowanol:
Mencegah stroke

2. Daun mengandung
 parvifoliquinone, parvifoliols B, C, E,
 garcidepsidone B, A
 mangostinone nigrolineaisoflavone, anti-bacterial
penyebab pneumonia, meningitis, and infeksi saluran
urin
3. Kulit batang :
• Senyawa tetrapreniltoluquinol, sebagai antikanker dan
tidak mengganggu pertumbuhan sel tubuh lainnya.
• Mencegah stroke, infeksi saluran kemih, hingga
radang selaput otak.
4. Kulit dan buah
• Kuning cerah, kaya antioksidan, penangkal radikal
bebas.
• fraksi heksan dan etil asetat kulit buah mampu
menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker payudara T47D
secara signifikan pada konsentrasi 10 dan 100 µg/ml.
5. Akar, kulit batang dan daun serta buah
• Bermanfaat anti malaria, anti oksidan serta bersifat
sitotostik terhadap bakteri
Traditional knowledge asam kandis antara lain
1. Sebagai pengawet
Ikan dan bahan makanan lain (Senyawa flavonoid sebagai
anti mikroba).
2. Bumbu masak
Masakan Minang, dibuat acar. Dalam bentuk utuh
ataupun dihaluskan bersama bumbu masak lain.
3. Air rebusan asam kandis
Dicampur gula jawa, panaskan hingga mendidih,
dinginkan dan diminum 2x sehari mengobati bisul.
4. Untuk kosmetika
Air rendaman asam kandis sebagai pembersih wajah)
5. Sebagai pewarna makanan
Untuk menghasilkan warna makanan yang hitam pekat
GELUGUR (G. atroviridis)
Mengandung substansi komersial (-)-hydroxy- citric
acid (HCA),
Menghambat ATP dependent citrate lyase,
Mengubah karbohidrat jadi asam lemak,
dan sintesis cholesterol.
Khasiat utama populer adalah
1. Menyerap kelebihan lemak (melangsingkan atau
menurunkan berat badan)
2. Mengurangi kolesterol darah
3. Melebarkan pembuluh darah
4. Menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi
Manfaat diluar bidang kesehatan:
1. Membersihkan piring dan panci dan perhiasan
2. Menghilangkan bau amis , bumbu masak
3. Mempercantik kuku dan kaki.
 PENGGUNAAN ASAM KANDIS DAN GELUGUR

 Merupakan sumber Asam kandis

penting pendapatan dan asam
gelugur di
keluarga di daerah
pasar
tempat tumbuhnya tradisional
 Digunakan sebagai
obat batuk dan
bumbu masak
tradisional
(Minangkabau)

Asam padeh ikan

Pangek Ikan
Processing Garcinia atroviridis dan Garcinia xanthocymus
Garci-tea
PERKEMBANGAN KEGIATAN SAMPAI 2020

EKSPOR SAUDI ARABIA

UMKM
DIVERSITY FAIR SIJUNJUNG (15 January 2014)
PROCESSING PRODUCT of Garcinia and Nephelium sp
Supervising for improving value added
PELUANG PENGEMBANGAN BIOINDUSTRI

1. Sebagai bahan baku untuk membuat permen asam.

2. Selain dikeringkan menjadi bumbu masakan, asam
kandis juga banyak dibuat menjadi selai.
3. Bahan baku kosmetika
4. Obat herbal
Manggis Jepang (G. macrophylla)

G. macrophylla
(Potential as fungtional food)
KANDIS GAJAH (G. nervosa)
Ekstrak etanol daun ditemukan isoflavon baru:
1. nervosin
2. dua isoflavon
 Irigenin (5,7,3’-trihidroksi-6,4’,5’- trimetoksiisofla-von)
 7- metilektorigenin (5,4’- dihidroksi-6,7-dimetoksiisoflavon)
3. Dua senyawa xanton
 dulxanton G (1)
 dulxanton J (2). berpotensi untuk kesehatan.
Pengujian sangat diperlukan
4. mengandung banyak biji (2 sampai 5 biji perbuah,
dengan ukuran relatif besar. Berpotensi digunakan sebagai
bahan pangan baru
Garcinia cellebica

Ekstrak, fraksi hingga isolat mempunyai

aktivitas sitoktosik menghambat
pertumbuhan berbagai sel kanker :
• MCF-7 (kanker payudara),
• A549 (kanker paru),
• Hela (kanker servik),
• KB (karsinoma epidermoid),
B16F10 (melanoma),
• DBTRG (glioma). Komang Suma Triyasa
(2020)
Garcinia porecta

Metanol extract kulit batang of Garcinia

porrecta stem bark contains flavonoids,
tannins, glycosides, anthraquinone,
alkaloids, and saponins.
penghambatan aktivitas enzim
amilase dan glukosidase dalam
terapi diabetes melitus yaitu
menurunkan kadar glukosa darah
melalui penghambatan enzim α-
glukosidase.
 Garcinia intermedia

No known medicinal uses, the bark of the tree

is rich in tannin, and its wood is valued for
construction.[6
Mangosteens are known for their delicious fruits, and the
African mangosteen is no exception to this. Despite the
sticky yellow juice, the fruits of this tree are well worth
seeking out. The tree is used in traditional medicine, and
in particular the powdered root is used as an aphrodisiac.
Coates Palgrave (2002) reports that the fruits can be
fermented into a 'pleasant alcoholic beverage'; almost
any book on English country wines will give half-a-dozen
recipes which could be adapted to make use of these
fruits. The wood is susceptible to borers, but has been
used as a general-purpose timbe
Garcinia prainiana
Garcinia latissimia Miq
Mengandung tannin, saponin,
flavonoid, and alkaloid
Menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba

Telah digunakan dalam pengobatan

tradisional
 Garcinia forbesi (mundar)

Dapat diolah menjadi sirup.

Kulit buah kering sebagai bumbu masak
Pengganti asam Jawa atau jeruk asam
untuk memasak.
telah digunakan sebagai rempah-rempah,
sebagai pengobatan dan kosmetik.
mengandung senyawa anti mikroba, anti
kanker, anti oksidan dan pelangsing (Burkill,
1996).
ekstrak kulit Mundar dapat dijadikan sebagai
minuman fungsional yang kaya anti
oksidan.
Garcinia dulcis
 LOCATION ACTIVITY

Latang
Kampung Dalam

The location was selected based on previous survey of Garcinia

species diversity in 8 locations in West Sumatera and Jambi
 Habitat
 Wild species found mostly in
the natural forest around the
village or buffer zone
 Cultivated spec in back
yard/orchards
 Present status
 Deforestation or cutting down the
Garcinia sp in the forest
 Threaten the existence of this species
and other tropical fruit trees diversity
in the area
 causing loss of genetic diversity,
especially woody species and wild
relatives
 ON-FARM CONSERVATION OF Garcinia sp

 On-farm conservation to mantain and sustainable

use of the Garcinia sp is the right solution and
urgent to be implemented

 This method is practical way in mantainining,

utilizing and promoting local genetic resources for
sustainable livelihood and ecosystem services.

 On-farm conservation is an effective method to

increase public awareness of local genetic
resources diversity.
COMMUNITY BASED BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT
(CBM)

 CBM is a community-driven participatory approach

to onfarm conservation of agricultural biodiversity.

 Community is the main actor in conservation and

sustainable use actictivities
IMPLEMENTATION OF CBM IN CONSERVATION AND
USE OF Garcinia sp
1.Document the agreed procedures for managing local
genetic resources among key stakeholders
2.Identify local community-based organization (CBOs)
3.Conducting Diversity Fair
4.Developing Community nursery
5.Training on Multiplication of Planting materials Propagation
6.Community based register (CBR) of Garcinia sp
7.Seedlings distribution and planting Garcinia sp in the field,
8.Developing Community catalogue of Garcinia
9.Supervising for Improving value added
10.Marketting products for domestic and international
market.
1. Document the agreed procedures for managing local
genetic resources among key stakeholders
2. Identify local community-based organization (CBOs)

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

 CONDUCTING DIVERSITY FAIR

Kunjungan Bupati Sijunjung

Promotion and
reintroduced local
genetic resources
to communities
Developing 2 community Nurseries
Training Training on Multiplication of Planting materials
Propagation
 Community Based Biodiversity Register (CBR) of Garcinia sp

method to protect traditional

knowledge and genetic
materials, monitoring genetic
erosion, developing local
ownership for development
and conservation actions.
Publish Fruit catalog of Garcinia sp
Seedlings distribution and planting in the fields
Farmer Field Visit to Malaysia
 Garci-tea
WINNER OF CITY MICRO
ENTERPRENEURSHIP AWARD
(CMA) 2015
MARKETTING Garci-tea TO INTERNATIONAL MARKET

 Introducing Garci-tea to the market should be facilitated

with promotion activities such as
 Linking farmers to the markets,
 Introduced the Garci-tea to consumers through exhibitions
and following various competitions.
 After winning City Microentrepreneurship Award conducted
by the Faculty of Economics, University of Indonesia in
cooperation with Ministry of Industry Republic of
Indonesia, Garci-tea marketing continues to develop in
both domestic and international market. For the
international market Garci-tea start to promote to
Singapore and Japan.
PROBLEMS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSERVATION
AND UTILIZATION Garcinia sp AND ITS SOLUTIONS
Commodity:
 Garcinia sp found in the forest, difficult to monitor
flowering, fruiting and harvesting, and using.
 The crops are seasonal and the seeds for propagation is not
available throughout the year,
 The plants are long lived and takes up to two years to
prepare the seedlings,
 Competing with the animals in the forest to get fruit and
seed
 Plant architecture is very high and difficult to obtain fruits
and seeds,
 vegetative propagation method requires special expertise.
In managing the communities
PROBLEMS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSERVATION
AND UTILIZATION Garcinia sp AND ITS SOLUTIONS
Communities:

 Low public awareness on conservation,

 Lack of public knowledge on plant propagation,
conservation and use of local genetic resources,
and
 Lack of government intervention in the
conservation
 CBM IMPACTS ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Before activities After activities
The local community not known The local community known their local
their local genetic resources and genetic resources and their benefit
their benefit
The local community have not The local community start to use their
use their local genetic resources local genetic resources for economic
for economic purpose purpose

Cutting down of rare tropical Reduce of cutting down activity of rare

fruit trees occured tropical fruit trees
Number of Garcinia sp was Availlable about 2060 Garcinia sp
about 567 seedlings for conservation
Garcinia sp trees found in the Garcinia sp grows in the yard or
forest orchard
Lack of local government Local government start to participate
participation
 CONCLUSSIONS
1. On-farm conservation is an effective method to increase
public awareness on local genetic resources diversity.
This method is a practical way to mantain, enhance and
promote the utilization of local genetic resources in
sustainable.
2. CBM is very good in promoting forest genetic resources
that are not utilized to the international market.
3. Collaboration of local goverment, community, private
sector and other institution is needed in the management
and utilization local genetic resources for ecological,
economic and social benefit
4. CBM in Sijunjung West Sumatra could be used as a pilot
project on management of wild species of local gnenetic
tesources
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our special thanks to

 Bioversity International,
 Local Governmet of Sijunjung district-West Sumatra,
 Local communities of Nagari Latang and Kampung
Dalam, Lubuk Tarok sub district of Sijunjung for
paritcipation in this project.

THANK YOU
 Mapping of Garcinia species
Species Tree number Total
Nagari Nagari number of
Latang Kampung trees
dalam
Garcinia nervosa 96 8 104

Garcinia macrophylla 19 124 143

Garcinia atroviridis 55 29 84

Garcinia xanthocymus 23 213 236

Total 193 374 567

DIVERSITY OF GARCINIA SPECIES IN SIJUNJUNG

Kandis(G xanthocymus Gelugur (G. atroviridis)

Seasoning, cough medicine

G. macrophylla G. nervosa
(Potential as fungtional food)