Pengalaman pekerjaan
• Dokter Spesialis Anak Konsultan Neonatologi RSAB Harapan Kita 2008-11
• Dokter Pendidik Klinis Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, sejak 2010
• Dosen tidak tetap FKUI (RS Jejaring)
• TOT (Trainer of Trainee) program PONED/PONEK 2005
• TOT (Trainer of trainee) NRP PERINASIA, sejak 2012
• “Registered Lead Instructor” S.T.A.B.L.E Program sejak 2013
• TOT (Trainer of Trainee) Program Resusitasi Neonatus IDAI sejak 2017
• Ketua Birth Defects Integrated Centre, RSAB Harapan Kita sejak 2013 – sekarang
• Wakil Ketua Forum Koordinasi Surveilans Kelainan Bawaan Berbasis RS, sejak 2014
Pengenalan Dini
Kelainan Bawaan Prioritas
pada bayi baru lahir ?
Johanes Edy Siswanto
Birth Defects Integrated Centre
Neonatology Working Group, Pediatric Department
Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital
National Centre for Women and Children’s Health
JAKARTA
Definisi
Normal → Abnormal
A birth defect
is an abnormality of structure, function
or metabolism (body chemistry) present
at birth that results in physical or mental
disabilities or death
BDs → Penting ?? → Dasar Penetapan Prioritas
AKB, AKN, AKB/AK5 MORBIDITAS QUALITY OF LIFE
NBBD
3 kelompok Prevalensi KBL 7 KBL Prioritas WHO/SEARO:
Tertinggi di Dunia Nasional AKB & Goal-
“BDs Burden” (WHO) Target
FAKTA DATA
Penyebab Kematian Anak Di Bawah Lima Tahun, 2017
Sumber: Global Health Observatory Data, 2017, diunduh dari
https://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/causes
Penyebab Kematian Anak Di Bawah Lima Tahun, 2017
Sumber: Global Health Observatory Data, 2017, diunduh dari
https://www.who.int/gho/child_health/mortality/causes
2016
PENYEBAB KEMATIAN NEONATAL, BAYI DAN
BALITA
Penyebab Kematian 0-59 bulan 2007
Tetanus, 1.5 %
Unknown cause, 5.5 %
Meningtis, 5.1 % Penyebab Kematian 0-28 hari
Congenital
abnormalities
4.9 %
Neonatal
problems
36 % Pneumonia, 13.2 %
Diare, 17.2 %
Meningtis,
4.5 %
Unknown cause,
3.7 % Congenital
abnormalities, 5.7 %
Neonatal Problems :
Pneumonia, - Asfiksia
Neonatal Problems 12.7 % - BBLR/prematuritas
46,2 %
- Infeksi, dll
Diare, 15 %
Lahir mati
Jumlah Lahir Hidup
20.930
Kematian
4.804.270
usia 0-6 hari
KN Neonatus
KN1
16.841 BBLR Lengkap komplikasi
Kematian
35.67
%
97.48% 91.51% 68.94% *)
usia 7-28 4.683.022 4.396.297 496.783
Kel. bawaan
hari
11.43%
Asfiksia
4.254 Sepsis
3.53% 25.42% Jumlah PKM Pelayanan Neonatal Esensial
21.095
www.komdatkesga.kemkes.go.id *) Neonatal Komplikasi = 15% dari jumlah lahir hidup
BDs burden
BDs cases
Stillbirths
(post natal)
ETOPFA
(Early Termination of
Pregnancy of Fetal Anomaly)
Birth Defects annually
(2001 WHO data)
1. A congenital birth defect is a structural abnormality of the baby present at birth. Some
common examples include cleft lip and palate, club foot and spina bifida.
2. Birth defects complicate 3% to 5% of all pregnancies, which our maternal fetal medicine
doctors specialize in. The cause can sometimes be genetic or environmental. However,
sometimes the cause is unknown.
3. The most common type of birth defect is congenital heart disease, affecting nearly 1 out
of every 100 births.
4. Some birth defects have a genetic cause, which means there is a problem with the DNA.
Our genetic counselors can help you understand what this means for your family. This
type of defect can be inherited from the parents or caused by new changes only present in
the baby.
5. Regular prenatal care and ultrasound can help detect some birth defects early in
pregnancy. Prenatal care should start in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
6. Some birth defects can be treated surgically with an operation, while the baby is still
inside the uterus.
7. At the Colorado Fetal Care Center we are at the forefront of new treatments for some
birth defects.
8. Healthy habits prior to pregnancy can prevent some birth defects and improve pregnancy
outcomes. This includes a balanced diet, stopping smoking and alcohol, and good control
of maternal health conditions, such as diabetes.
9. Vaccination before pregnancy can prevent some infections that can cause birth defects.
10. Folic acid, a common supplement found in prenatal vitamins, when taken prior to
pregnancy and through the first month of gestation, can reduce your risk of spina bifida,
and other brain and spinal defects.
Prevention and control of birth
defects in South-East Asia Region:
strategic framework (2013-2017)
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF BIRTH DEFECTS IN SOUTH-
EAST ASIA REGION: STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK (2013-2017)
JENIS DAN JUMLAH KELAINAN BAWAAN YANG DILAPORKAN
(SEPT 2014 - JUNI 2019)
993 cases
reported in
26 hospitals
N = 1125
RS yang dilatih = 35
Kelainan bawaan dan kode ICD-10
yang didukung oleh kegiatan surveilans
Detectable, Preventable, Correctable
Mudah Dapat Dapat
ICD-10* Kelainan bawaan
dikenali dicegah diperbaiki
1. Kelainan bawaan sistem saraf
Q 05 Spina bifida +++ +++ +/-
Q 00.0 Anencephaly +++ +++ -
Q 01 Meningo/Ensefalokel +++ +++ +/-
Q03 Hidrocephalus kongenital
2. Kelainan bawaan mata
Q 12.0 Congenital cataract +/- +++ +
3. Celah bibir dan langit-langit
Q 35 Cleft palate ++ + +++
Q 36 Cleft lip +++ + +++
Q 37 Cleft lip and palate ++ + +++
4. Kelainan bawaan genitalia dan saluran kemih
Q 54 Hipospadia +++ - +++
Q 64 Epispadia +++ - +++
Q 56.4 Ambigous genitalia
Q 64.10 Extrophy Bladder
Q 64.12 Extrophy Cloaca
5. Kelainan bawaan sistem musculoskeletal
Q 66 Talipes +++ - +++
Q 73.8 Reduction deformity +++ - -
D48.0 Teratoma sacrococcygeal?
Kelainan bawaan dan kode ICD-10
yang didukung oleh kegiatan surveilans
Gambar
Trias Sindroma
Rubella Bawaan
3. Katarak kongenital
Definisi : Pengapuran (tidak dapat tembus cahaya) pada
lensa yang timbul sebelum lahir
Kode ICD : Q12.0
Metode Diagnosis : Pemeriksaan fisik setelah persalinan,
Diagnosis pasti melalui ophthalmoscope yang dilakukan
oleh ophthalmologist
http://optometrist.com.au/children-cataracts/
3. Katarak Kongenital
2. Status Fe
3. Elektoforesis Hb
RUJUKAN 1. Diagnosis prenatal untuk pasangan dengan anak kelainan
bawaan
48-72
jam
for-CCHD.aspx
Telusur Birt Defects
sudah dimulai sejak lama –
via pendekatan ilmu genetika
Johann Gregor Mendel (1822 – 1884) : faktor hereditas iteruskan
kegenerasi berikutnya dengan suatu pola yang dapat dipastikan
(predictable).
Watson and Crick (1953): struktur DNA adalah double helix atau rantai
ganda.