Deret elektrokimia - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas https://id.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Deret_elektrokimia

Deret elektrokimia
Deret elektrokimia atau deret Volta adalah urutan logam-logam (ditambah hidrogen)
berdasarkan kenaikan potensial elektrode standarnya.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

Umumnya deret volta yang sering dipakai adalah adalah:

Li K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt Au

Pada Deret Volta, unsur logam dengan potensial elektrode lebih negatif ditempatkan di bagian
kiri, sedangkan unsur dengan potensial elektrode yang lebih positif ditempatkan di bagian
kanan.

Semakin ke kiri kedudukan suatu logam dalam deret tersebut, maka

Logam semakin reaktif (semakin mudah melepas elektron)

Logam merupakan reduktor yang semakin kuat (semakin mudah mengalami oksidasi)
Sebaliknya, semakin ke kanan kedudukan suatu logam dalam deret tersebut, maka

Logam semakin kurang reaktif (semakin sulit melepas elektron)

Logam merupakan oksidator yang semakin kuat (semakin mudah mengalami reduksi)
Salah satu metode untuk mencegah korosi antara lain dengan menghubungkan logam
(misalnya besi) dengan logam yang letaknya lebih kiri dari logam tersebut dalam deret volta
(misalnya magnesium) sehingga logam yang mempunyai potensial elektrode yang lebih negatif
lah yang akan mengalami oksidasi. Metode pencegahan karat seperti ini disebut perlindungan
katodik. Contoh lain dari perlindungan katodik adalah pipa besi, tiang telepon, dan berbagai
barang lain yang dilapisi dengan zink, atau disebut Galvanisasi. Zink dapat melindungi besi dari
korosi sekalipun lapisannya tidak utuh. Oleh karena potensial reduksi besi lebih positif
daripada zink (posisinya dalam deret Volta lebih ke kanan), maka besi yang kontak dengan zink
akan membentuk sel elektrokimia dengan besi sebagai katode. Dengan demikian besi
terlindungi dan zink yang mengalami oksidasi. Badan mobil-mobil baru pada umumnya telah
digalvanisasi, sehingga tahan karat.

Larutan garam suatu logam yang berada di bagian kiri dapat bereaksi dengan logam yang
berada di bagian kanan. Contohnya larutan FeCl3 (feri chloride) boleh mengikis Cu (copper /
tembaga).

Berikut adalah deret elektrokimia lengkap, diukur pada 298,15 K (25 °C):

Legenda: (s) – padat; (l) – cair; (g) – gas; (aq) – larutan; (Hg) – amalgam.

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Setengah reaksi E° (V) Ref.

3⁄ +  H+ +  e− [4]
2 N2(g) HN3(aq) −3.09

Li+ +  e− Li(s) −3.0401 [2]

N2(g) + 4 H2O + 2 e− 2 NH2OH(aq) + 2 OH− −3.04 [4]

Cs+ +  e− Cs(s) −3.026 [2]

Rb+ +  e− Rb(s) −2.98 [2]

K+ +  e− K(s) −2.931 [2]

Ba2+ + 2 e− Ba(s) −2.912 [2]

La(OH)3(s) + 3 e− La(s) + 3 OH− −2.90 [2]

Sr2+ + 2 e− Sr(s) −2.899 [2]

Ca2+ + 2 e− Ca(s) −2.868 [2]

Eu2+ + 2 e− Eu(s) −2.812 [2]

Ra2+ + 2 e− Ra(s) −2.8 [2]

Na+ +  e− Na(s) −2.71 [2][7]

La3+ + 3 e− La(s) −2.379 [2]

Y3+ + 3 e− Y(s) −2.372 [2]

Mg2+ + 2 e− Mg(s) −2.372 [2]

ZrO(OH)2(s) +  H2O + 4 e− Zr(s) + 4 OH− −2.36 [2]

Al(OH)4− + 3 e− Al(s) + 4 OH− −2.33

Al(OH)3(s) + 3 e− Al(s) + 3 OH− −2.31

H2(g) + 2 e− 2 H− −2.25

Ac3+ + 3 e− Ac(s) −2.20

Be2+ + 2 e− Be(s) −1.85

U3+ + 3 e− U(s) −1.66 [5]

Al3+ + 3 e− Al(s) −1.66 [7]

Ti2+ + 2 e− Ti(s) −1.63 [7]

ZrO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Zr(s) + 2 H2O −1.553 [2]

Zr4+ + 4 e− Zr(s) −1.45 [2]

Ti3+ + 3 e− Ti(s) −1.37 [8]

TiO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Ti(s) +  H2O −1.31

Ti2O3(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 TiO(s) +  H2O −1.23

Zn(OH)42− + 2 e− Zn(s) + 4 OH− −1.199 [2]

Mn2+ + 2 e− Mn(s) −1.185 [2]

Fe(CN)64− + 6 H+ + 2  e− Fe(s) + 4HCN(aq) −1.16 [9]

Te(s) + 2 e− Te2− −1.143 [1]

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Setengah reaksi E° (V) Ref.

V2+ + 2 e− V(s) −1.13 [1]

Nb3+ + 3 e− Nb(s) −1.099

Sn(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− SnH4(g) −1.07

SiO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Si(s) + 2 H2O −0.91

B(OH)3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e− B(s) + 3 H2O −0.89

Fe(OH)2(s) + 2 e− Fe(s) + 2 OH− −0.89 [9]

Fe2O3(s) + 3 H2O + 2 e− 2Fe(OH)2(s) + 2 OH− −0.86 [9]

TiO2+ + 2 H+ + 4 e− Ti(s) +  H2O −0.86

2  H2O + 2 e− H2(g) + 2 OH− −0.8277 [2]

Bi(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e− BiH3 −0.8 [2]

Zn2+ + 2 e− Zn(Hg) −0.7628 [2]

Zn2+ + 2 e− Zn(s) −0.7618 [2]

Ta2O5(s) + 10 H+ + 10 e− 2 Ta(s) + 5 H2O −0.75

Cr3+ + 3 e− Cr(s) −0.74

[Au(CN)2]− +  e− Au(s) + 2 CN− −0.60

Ta3+ + 3 e− Ta(s) −0.6

PbO(s) +  H2O + 2 e− Pb(s) + 2 OH− −0.58

2 TiO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Ti2O3(s) +  H2O −0.56

Ga3+ + 3 e− Ga(s) −0.53

U4+ +  e− U3+ −0.52 [5]

H3PO2(aq) +  H+ +  e− P(white)[note 1] + 2 H2O −0.508 [2]

H3PO3(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H3PO2(aq) +  H2O −0.499 [2]

H3PO3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e− P(red)[note 1] + 3 H2O −0.454 [2]

Fe2+ + 2 e− Fe(s) −0.44 [7]

2 CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HOOCCOOH(aq) −0.43

Cr3+ +  e− Cr2+ −0.42

Cd2+ + 2 e− Cd(s) −0.40 [7]

GeO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− GeO(s) +  H2O −0.37

Cu2O(s) +  H2O + 2 e− 2 Cu(s) + 2 OH− −0.360 [2]

PbSO4(s) + 2 e− Pb(s) + SO42− −0.3588 [2]

PbSO4(s) + 2 e− Pb(Hg) + SO42− −0.3505 [2]

Eu3+ +  e− Eu2+ −0.35 [5]

In3+ + 3 e− In(s) −0.34 [1]

Tl+ +  e− Tl(s) −0.34 [1]

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Setengah reaksi E° (V) Ref.

Ge(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− GeH4(g) −0.29

Co2+ + 2 e− Co(s) −0.28 [2]

H3PO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H3PO3(aq) +  H2O −0.276 [2]

V3+ +  e− V2+ −0.26 [7]

Ni2+ + 2 e− Ni(s) −0.25

As(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e− AsH3(g) −0.23 [1]

AgI(s) +  e− Ag(s) + I− −0.15224 [2]

MoO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Mo(s) + 2 H2O −0.15

Si(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− SiH4(g) −0.14

Sn2+ + 2 e− Sn(s) −0.13

O2(g) +  H+ +  e− HO2•(aq) −0.13

Pb2+ + 2 e− Pb(s) −0.13 [7]

WO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− W(s) + 2 H2O −0.12

P(red) + 3 H+ + 3 e− PH3(g) −0.111 [2]

CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HCOOH(aq) −0.11

Se(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H2Se(g) −0.11

CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− CO(g) +  H2O −0.11

SnO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Sn(s) +  H2O −0.10

SnO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− SnO(s) +  H2O −0.09

WO3(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e− W(s) + 3 H2O −0.09 [1]

P(white) + 3 H+ + 3 e− PH3(g) −0.063 [2]

Fe3+ + 3 e− Fe(s) −0.04 [9]

HCOOH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HCHO(aq) +  H2O −0.03

2 H+ + 2 e− H2(g) 0.0000 ≡0

AgBr(s) +  e− Ag(s) + Br− +0.07133 [2]

S4O62− + 2 e− 2 S2O32− +0.08

Fe3O4(s) + 8 H+ + 8 e− 3 Fe(s) + 4 H2O +0.085 [6]

N2(g) + 2 H2O + 6 H+ + 6 e− 2 NH4OH(aq) +0.092

HgO(s) +  H2O + 2 e− Hg(l) + 2 OH− +0.0977

Cu(NH3)42+ +  e− Cu(NH3)2+ + 2 NH3 +0.10 [1]

Ru(NH3)63+ +  e− Ru(NH3)62+ +0.10 [5]

N2H4(aq) + 4 H2O + 2 e− 2 NH4+ + 4 OH− +0.11 [4]

H2MoO4(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e− Mo(s) + 4 H2O +0.11

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Setengah reaksi E° (V) Ref.

Ge4+ + 4 e− Ge(s) +0.12

C(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− CH4(g) +0.13 [1]

HCHO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− CH3OH(aq) +0.13

S(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H2S(g) +0.14

Sn4+ + 2 e− Sn2+ +0.15

Cu2+ +  e− Cu+ +0.159 [1]

HSO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e− SO2(aq) + 2 H2O +0.16

UO22+ +  e− UO2+ +0.163 [5]

SO42− + 4 H+ + 2 e− SO2(aq) + 2 H2O +0.17

TiO2+ + 2 H+ +  e− Ti3+ +  H2O +0.19

SbO+ + 2 H+ + 3 e− Sb(s) +  H2O +0.20

AgCl(s) +  e− Ag(s) + Cl− +0.22233 [2]

H3AsO3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e− As(s) + 3 H2O +0.24

GeO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Ge(s) +  H2O +0.26

UO2+ + 4 H+ +  e− U4+ + 2 H2O +0.273 [5]

Re3+ + 3 e− Re(s) +0.300

Bi3+ + 3 e− Bi(s) +0.308 [2]

VO2+ + 2 H+ +  e− V3+ +  H2O +0.34

Cu2+ + 2 e− Cu(s) +0.340 [1]

[Fe(CN)6]3− +  e− [Fe(CN)6]4− +0.36

O2(g) + 2 H2O + 4 e− 4 OH−(aq) +0.40 [7]

H2MoO4 + 6 H+ + 3 e− Mo3+ + 2 H2O +0.43

CH3OH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− CH4(g) +  H2O +0.50

SO2(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e− S(s) + 2 H2O +0.50

Cu+ +  e− Cu(s) +0.520 [1]

CO(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− C(s) +  H2O +0.52

I3− + 2 e− 3 I− +0.53 [7]

I2(s) + 2 e− 2 I− +0.54 [7]

[AuI4]− + 3 e− Au(s) + 4 I− +0.56

H3AsO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H3AsO3(aq) +  H2O +0.56

[AuI2]− +  e− Au(s) + 2 I− +0.58

MnO4− + 2 H2O + 3 e− MnO2(s) + 4 OH− +0.59

S2O32 − + 6 H+ + 4 e− 2 S(s) + 3 H2O +0.60

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Setengah reaksi E° (V) Ref.

Fc+ +  e− Fc(s) +0.641 [10]

H2MoO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− MoO2(s) + 2 H2O +0.65

+ 2 H+ + 2 e− +0.6992 [2]

O2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−  H2O2(aq) +0.70

Tl3+ + 3 e− Tl(s) +0.72

PtCl62− + 2 e− PtCl42− + 2 Cl− +0.726 [5]

H2SeO3(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Se(s) + 3 H2O +0.74

PtCl42− + 2 e− Pt(s) + 4 Cl− +0.758 [5]

Fe3+ +  e− Fe2+ +0.77

Ag+ +  e− Ag(s) +0.7996 [2]

Hg22+ + 2 e− 2 Hg(l) +0.80

NO3−(aq) + 2 H+ +  e− NO2(g) +  H2O +0.80

FeO42− + 5 H2O + 6 e− Fe2O3(s) + 10  OH− +0.81 [9]

[AuBr4]− + 3 e− Au(s) + 4 Br− +0.85

Hg2+ + 2 e− Hg(l) +0.85

MnO4− +  H+ +  e− HMnO4− +0.90

2 Hg2+ + 2 e− Hg22+ +0.91 [1]

Pd2+ + 2 e− Pd(s) +0.915 [5]

[AuCl4]− + 3 e− Au(s) + 4 Cl− +0.93

MnO2(s) + 4 H+ +  e− Mn3+ + 2 H2O +0.95

[AuBr2]− +  e− Au(s) + 2 Br− +0.96

[HXeO6]3− + 2 H2O + 2 e− + [HXeO4]− + 4  OH− +0.99 [11]

H6TeO6(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− TeO2(s) + 4 H2O +1.02 [12]

Br2(l) + 2 e− 2 Br− +1.066 [2]

Br2(aq) + 2 e− 2 Br− +1.0873 [2]

IO3− + 5 H+ + 4 e− HIO(aq) + 2 H2O +1.13

[AuCl2]− +  e− Au(s) + 2 Cl− +1.15

HSeO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e− H2SeO3(aq) +  H2O +1.15

Ag2O(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 Ag(s) +  H2O +1.17

ClO3− + 2 H+ +  e− ClO2(g) +  H2O +1.18

[HXeO6]3− + 5 H2O + 8  e− Xe(g) + 11 OH− +1.18 [11]

Pt2+ + 2 e− Pt(s) +1.188 [5]

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Setengah reaksi E° (V) Ref.

ClO2(g) +  H+ +  e− HClO2(aq) +1.19

2 IO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e− I2(s) + 6 H2O +1.20

ClO4− + 2 H+ + 2 e− ClO3− +  H2O +1.20

O2(g) + 4 H+ + 4 e− 2 H2O +1.229 [7]

MnO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Mn2+ + 2 H2O +1.23

[HXeO4]− + 3 H2O + 6  e− Xe(g) + 7 OH− +1.24 [11]

Tl3+ + 2 e− Tl+ +1.25

Cr2O72− + 14 H+ + 6 e− 2 Cr3+ + 7 H2O +1.33

Cl2(g) + 2 e− 2 Cl− +1.36 [7]

CoO2(s) + 4 H+ +  e− Co3+ + 2 H2O +1.42

2 NH3O H+ +  H+ + 2 e− N2H5+ + 2 H2O +1.42 [4]

2 HIO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− I2(s) + 2 H2O +1.44

Ce4+ +  e− Ce3+ +1.44

BrO3− + 5 H+ + 4 e− HBrO(aq) + 2 H2O +1.45

β-PbO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Pb2+ + 2 H2O +1.460 [1]

α-PbO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Pb2+ + 2 H2O +1.468 [1]

2 BrO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e− Br2(l) + 6 H2O +1.48

2ClO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e− Cl2(g) + 6 H2O +1.49

MnO4− + 8 H+ + 5 e− Mn2+ + 4 H2O +1.51

HO2• +  H+ +  e−  H2O2(aq) +1.51

Au3+ + 3 e− Au(s) +1.52

NiO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Ni2+ + 2 OH− +1.59

2 HClO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Cl2(g) + 2 H2O +1.63

Ag2O3(s) + 6 H+ + 4 e− 2 Ag+ + 3 H2O +1.67

HClO2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HClO(aq) +  H2O +1.67

Pb4+ + 2 e− Pb2+ +1.69 [1]

MnO4− + 4 H+ + 3 e− MnO2(s) + 2 H2O +1.70

AgO(s) + 2 H+ +  e− Ag+ +  H2O +1.77

 H2O2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 H2O +1.78

Co3+ +  e− Co2+ +1.82

Au+ +  e− Au(s) +1.83 [1]

BrO4− + 2 H+ + 2 e− BrO3− +  H2O +1.85

Ag2+ +  e− Ag+ +1.98 [1]

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Setengah reaksi E° (V) Ref.

S2O82− + 2 e− 2 SO42− +2.010 [2]

O3(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− O2(g) +  H2O +2.075 [5]

HMnO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e− MnO2(s) + 2 H2O +2.09

XeO3(aq) + 6 H+ + 6  e− Xe(g) + 3 H2O +2.12 [11]

H4XeO6(aq) + 8 H+ + 8  e− Xe(g) + 6  H2O +2.18 [11]

FeO42− + 3 e− + 8 H+ Fe3+ + 4 H2O +2.20 [13]

XeF2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Xe(g) + 2HF(aq) +2.32 [11]

H4XeO6(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− XeO3(aq) +  H2O +2.42 [11]

F2(g) + 2 e− 2 F− +2.87 [1][7]

F2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 HF(aq) +3.05 [1]

1. ^ a b Not specified in the indicated reference, but assumed due to the difference between
the value −0.454 and that computed by (2×−0.499 + −0.508) ÷ 3 = −0.502 exactly matching
the difference between the values for white and red phosphorus in equilibrium with PH3.

Lihat pula
Proteksi katodik
Korosi galvanik
Karat
Pencegahan karat
Proses Sendzimir
Galvanisasi atau electroplating
Redoks

Referensi
1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Bard, A. J., Parsons, R., and Jordan, J. (1985). Standard
Potentials in Aqueous Solutions (Marcel Dekker, New York).
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq
Vanýsek, Petr (2007). “Electrochemical Series”, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics:
88th Edition (Chemical Rubber Company).
3. ^ Vanýsek, Petr (2009). “Electrochemical Series” (http://www.hbcpnetbase.com/articles/08_
08_90.pdf), in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 90th Edition (http://www.hbcpnetbase.c
om/) (Chemical Rubber Company).
4. ^ a b c d e Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997), Chemistry of the Elements (edisi
ke-2nd), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN 0-7506-3365-4
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Bard, A.J., Faulkner, L.R.(2001). Electrochemical Methods.
Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd edition (John Wiley and Sons Inc).
6. ^ a b Marcel Pourbaix (1966). Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions
(NACE International, Houston, Texas; Cebelcor, Brussels).

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Deret elektrokimia - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deret_elektrokimia

7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Peter Atkins (1997). Physical Chemistry, 6th edition (W.H. Freeman

and Company, New York).
8. ^ a b Gordon Aylward & Tristan Findlay (2008). "SI Chemical Data", 6th edition (John Wiley
& Sons, Australia), ISBN 978-0-470-81638-7.
9. ^ a b c d e WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Iron | compounds information (htt
p://www.webelements.com/iron/compounds.html)
10. ^ Connelly, Neil G. (1 January 1996). "Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic
Chemistry". Chemical Reviews. 96 (2): 877–910. doi:10.1021/cr940053x.
11. ^ a b c d e f g WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Xenon | compounds information
(http://www.webelements.com/xenon/compounds.html)
12. ^ Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred (1999),
Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (edisi ke-6th), New York: Wiley-Interscience,
ISBN 0-471-19957-5
13. ^ Redox Reactions, Western Oregon University website (http://www.wou.edu/las/physci/ch4
12/redox.htm)

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