Gejala DBD:
Demam akut (2-7 hari)
Sakit kepala
Nyeri otot
Nyeri tulang
Ruam (kemerahan) di-kulit
Tanda perdarahan Pemeriksaan darah
Lekosit < 5000/mm3
Trombosit < 100.000/mm3
Tanda perdarahan:
Tes tourniquet
Darah lebih pekat
Bintik kemerahan dikulit, /hemokonsentrasi, ditandai
warna kebiruan dikulit dengan Hematokrit ↑
Mimisan, perdarahan gusi, Tes serologi DBD
saluran cerna
Reaksi Sistem Kekebalan Tubuh
CAPILLARY
ENDOTHELIUM
Hydrostatic pressure > Oncotic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure < Oncotic pressure
Nature Reviews Nephrology 6, 361-370 (June 2010)
Hematokrit ↑
→
→
→
Petekie
Diagnosis Dengue
Kapankah kita curiga kalau seseorang
sedang menderita penyakit Demam
Berdarah Dengue ?
** Demam mendadak tinggi disertai dengan dua atau lebih
keadaan berikut:
• Sakit kepala
• Nyeri di belakang mata
• Pegal
• Nyeri tulang
• Ruam di kulit
• Perdarahan
• Leukopenia (sel darah putih ≤ 5000 sel/mm3)
• Trombositopenia (trombosit ≤ 150 000 sel/mm3)
• Hematokrit meningkat 5-10%
PPV = 70 - 80%
Bagaimanakah perjalanan penyakitnya?
Bagaimanakah pengobatannya ?
Memberikan cairan pengganti
Istirahat
Obat penurun panas
Monitor tekanan darah, tingkat kesadaran,
kadar hematokrit, trombosit
Guidelines WHO 2011
PROTOCOL 2
Fluid Replacement on Probable Dengue Infection in Wards
Suspect DHF
Spontaneous and Massive Bleeding( - )
Shock (-)
- Hb, Ht (n)
- Hb, Ht increase 10-20% - Hb, Ht increase > 20%
- Platelets< 100.000
- Platelets< 100.000 - Platelets< 100.000
- Crystalloid infusion *
- Crystalloid Infusion *
- Hb, Ht, Plt every 24 hours
- Hb, Ht, Plt every 12 hours **
Protocol – Fluid Replacement
DHF with increased Ht > 20%
Condition Action
Hb < 10 g/dL PRC Transfusion
Crystalloid 7 mL/kg BW in 1 h
Crystalloid 20-30 mL/kg BW loading for 20-30 min
Response
Not Response
Crystalloid 5 mL/kg BW in 1 h
Ht increase Ht decrease
Response
Colloid 10-20 mL/kg BW loading for 10-15 min Blood transfusion 10 mL/kg
BW can be repeated if
Crystalloid 3 mL/kg BW in 1 h
necessary
CVP
Hypovolemic Normovolemi
c
Not Response
Response:
Monitoring Acid-base &
1. Systolic BP 100 mmHg crystalloid electrolyte
2. PP > 20 mmHg for 10-15 min disturbance,
3. Heart Rate < 100 x/mnt, adequate vol hypoglycemi
a, anemia,
4. Warm extremities secondary
5. Diuresis 0,5-1 cc/kgBW/hour infection
correction
Inotropic,
Vasopressor,
drug
Departemen Kesehatan RI, IDAI, PAPDI, PDS PATKLIN, PERDICI & PPNI.2005. Pedoman
Tatalaksana Klinis Infeksi Dengue di Sarana Pelayanan Kesehatan. 2005. Jakarta : Depkes.
KESIMPULAN