Modul Kuliah
Keselamatan dan Kesehatan
Kerja
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3. SECARA PRAKTIS
Merupakan suatu upaya perlindungan agar tenaga kerja selalu dalam
keadaan selamat dan sehat selama melakukan pekerjaan ditempat kerja
serta bagi orang lain yang memasuki tempat kerja maupun sumber dan
proses produksi secara aman dan efisien dalam pemakaiannya.
Sejarah Peraturan K3
1. Raja Hamurabi tahun 1700 SM (Kerajaan Babylonia) dalam kitab Undang undangnya
menyatakan bahwa :
“ Bila seorang ahli bangunan membuat rumah untuk seseorang dan pembuatannya
tidak dilaksanakan dengan baik sehingga rumah itu roboh dan menimpa pemilik
rumah hingga mati, maka ahli bangunan tersebut dibunuh”
2. Zaman Mozai + 5 abad setelah Raja Hamurabi dinyatakan bahwa ahli bangunan
bertanggung jawab atas keselamatan para pelaksanaan dan pekerjanya dengan
menetapkan pemasangan pagar pengaman pada setiap sisi luar atap rumah
3. Plinius + 80 tahun sesudah Masehi ahli Ecyclopedia bangsa Roma mensyaratkan agar
para pekerja tambang diharuskan memakai tutup hidung
4. Dominico Fontana Tahun 1450 diserahi tugas untuk membangun obelisk ditengah
lapangan St. peter Roma. Ia lalu mensyaratkan agar para pekerja memakai topi baja.
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Tiap-tiap warga negara berhak atas pekerjaan dan PENGHIDUPAN YANG LAYAK
UUD 1945 bagi kemanusiaan (Pasal 27 (2))
Pekerja/buruh mempunyai hak untuk memperoleh perlindungan atas keselamatan dan kesehatan
UU No. 13 Tahun 2003 kerja, moral dan kesusilaan serta perlakuan yang sesuai dengan harkat dan martabat manusia
serta nilai-nilai agama (Pasal 86)
Pasal 86 & 87
Digantikan dengan Setiap perusahaan WAJIB menerapkan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan
UU Cipta Kerja Kerja yang terintegrasi pada manajemen perusahaan (Pasal 87)
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TUJUAN
1. Tenaga kerja berhak mendapatkan perlindungan atas
keselamatan dalam pekerjaannya
2. Orang lain yang berada di tempat kerja perlu
menjamin keselamatannya
3. Sumber-sumber produksi dapat dipakai secara aman
dan efisien
TEMPAT KERJA
ialah tiap ruangan atau lapangan,
tertutup atau terbuka, bergerak atau
tetap, dimana tenaga kerja bekerja,
atau yang sering dimasuki tenaga kerja
untuk keperluan suatu usaha dan
dimana terdapat sumber atau sumber-
sumber bahaya
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DAFTAR ISI
BAB I - Tentang Istilah-Istilah
BAB II - Ruang Lingkup
BAB III - Syarat-syarat Keselamatan Kerja
BAB IV - Pengawasan
BAB V - Pembinaan
BAB VI - Panitia Pembina Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (P2K3)
BAB VII - Kecelakaan
BAB VIII - Kewajiban dan Hak Tenaga Kerja
BAB IX - Kewajiban Bila Memasuki Tempat Kerja
BAB X - Kewajiban Pengurus
BAB XI - Ketentuan Penutup
PENGUSAHA
a. Orang atau badan hukum yang menjalankan sesuatu usaha milik sendiri dan untuk
keperluan itu mempergunakan tempat kerja;
b. Orang atau badan hukum yang secara berdiri sendiri menjalankan sesuatu usaha
bukan miliknya dan untuk keperluan itu mempergunakan tempat kerja;
c. Orang atau badan hukum, yang di Indonesia mewakili orang atau badan hukum
termaksud pada (a) dan (b), jikalau yang diwakili berkedudukan di luar Indonesia.
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Pasal 3
1. Peraturan perundangan akan menetapkan syarat-syarat agar sasaran
serta arahan keselamatan kerja tercapai.
2. Dapat dirubahnya perincian sasaran dan arahan sesuai dengan
perkembangan IPTEK.
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Pasal 4
1. Penerapan syarat-syarat K3 mulai dari tahap perencanaan s/d
pemeliharaan;
2. Dimuatnya prinsip-prinsip teknik ilmiah tentang bahan dan produksi
teknis pada syarat-syarat diatas;
3. Perincian pada ayat (1) dan (2) dapat dirubah sesuai perkembangan
IPTEK dapat ditetapkan lebih lanjut
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2 Manfaat K3 pada
Bisnis Usaha
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KEUANGAN /
AKUTANSI
KEGIATAN
STRATEGI OPERASIONAL
K3
MARKETING / MANAJEMEN /
KOMUNIKASI PERILAKU
RISIKO ORGANISASI
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Mampu Menaikkan
Bersaing Reputasi
Akses di Pengurangan
Global Markets
K3 Biaya dan Risiko
Moral Meningkatkan
Karyawan Kualitas
Meningkatkan Meningkatkan
efisiensi Produktifitas
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Model K3 Unggul
Komitmen
Manajemen
Keterlibatan
Sistim Manajemen
Pekerja
K3
Leadership K3
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Langkah-Langkap
Integrasi
• Komitmen dan keterlibatan
manajemen senior
• Partisipasi aktif karyawan
• K3 dijadikan tujuan dan
akuntabilitas bersama
• Ditentukannya peran dan
Nilai tanggung jawab Prinsip-prinsip
K3
Bisnis • K3 merupakan Bahasa
umum
• Komunikasi yang efektif
• Sumber daya yang tepat
• Pengukuran kinerja
• Berbagi pengetahuan dan
transfer informasi
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Terlalu sering:
1. Manajemen memiliki fokus reaktif daripada proaktif
2. Kurangnya pemahaman (K3 bukan common language)
3. Kurangnya keterlibatan dan partisipasi karyawan
4. Risiko & bahaya tidak dikomunikasikan ke pihak terkait
5. Keselamatan dianggap sebagai biaya dan bukan investasi
6. Analisis biaya/manfaat K3 jarang diterapkan atau
disosialisasikan
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Attitudes
(set up conditions, Program Physical Behavior Incident
behavior) Elements conditions (action)
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Quote Penerapan K3
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3 Sistem Manajemen
K3 (SMK3)
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ISO45001 vs SMK3
ISO45001 SMK3
Sistim Manajemen K3 Sistim Manajemen K3
Sukarela Wajib (UU No 13/2003 & PP50/2012)
Berlaku secara Internasional Berlaku Lokal
Diaudit oleh Badan Sertifikasi yang Diaudit oleh PJK3 (Perusahaan Jasa
telah diakui oleh Badan Akreditasi K3) yang ditunjuk oleh Pemerintah
Struktur - Annex SL (10 Elemen) 12 Elemen (166 Kriteria)
Sertifikat akan diberikan setelah Sertifikat dan Bendera diberikan
“Lolos Diaudit” setelah “Lolos Audit”
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Do Plan Do
Menerapkan proses seperti yang
INTENDED
direncanakan untuk memasukkan partisipasi INTERNAL &
LEADER & OUTCOMES
EXTERNAL ISSUES
pekerja, identifikasi bahaya dan PLANNIN WORKER PERFORMANCE OF THE
(4.1)
kesiapsiagaan darurat. (6) PARTICIPATION EVALUATION OH&S MS
(5) (9)
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Penerapan SMK3
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Penerapan SMK3
GEOGRAPHICAL
REGULATORS SUPPLIERS
LOCATION
INSURERS
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Penerapan SMK3
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 5: Leadership
Critical to the success of the OH&S management system is leadership and commitment from ‘Top Management’. The expectation
on leaders within an organization is to become champions of the system and provide the necessary resources to protect workers
from harm.
This section provides the tone and expectation on senior leadership to take an active part
in the OH&S system and generation of a positive health and safety culture within the
organization.
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 5: Leadership
OH&S Policy
An OH&S Policy is a ‘Statement of Intent’ or ‘Mission Statement’ which sets out the framework to manage the Occupational Health and
Safety Management System. The OH&S policy is approved by senior leadership and will drive the controls that are in place and the actions
that are carried out to improve it.
The standard specifically requires that the OH&S policy should include commitments to:
o Provide a framework for setting objectives
o Provide safe and healthy working conditions for the prevention of work related injury and / or ill health
o Eliminate hazards and reduce OH&S risks
o Continual improvement of the OH&S system
o Consultation and participation of workers and where they exist worker representatives
o Fulfilment of legal and other requirements
Once the OH&S policy has been approved it must be communicated to stakeholders including workers. The policy must be available to
interested parties, which will include customers and external providers on request.
In addition, periodically the OH&S policy must be reviewed by senior leadership to ensure it remains applicable to the context of your
organization.
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 5: Leadership
Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities
This section requires the organization to define clear roles, responsibilities and authorities throughout the organization. It is recognised
that overall responsibility for the OH&S management system falls to ‘Top Management’ however individuals must take account of their
own health and safety and that of others.
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SECTION 5: Leadership
Here is a selection of suggested methods of promoting consultation and participation of workers:
o Periodic meetings with senior leadership to discuss processes including OH&S issues
o Safety committee with worker representatives (where required)
o Identification and elimination of hazards (risk assessments)
o Development of training Tool Box Talks and presentations (This may include training tools for workers outside of your
organization such as visiting contractors)
o Development of Safe Systems of Work and Work Instructions
o Cross communication between sites within the organization
o Near miss reporting schemes with follow up actions including root cause analysis
o Site tours
o Open door policy to talk to a safety or HR representative
o OH&S suggestion boxes
o Communication – Notice boards, newsletters, email, blogs, health promotion campaigns
Once a selection of methods of consultation and participation of workers has been chosen, consider documenting the
methodologies within a process. This will enable the organization to periodically check the process within your audit
programme to ensure any identified requirements have been fullfilled
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 6: Planning
Planning is one of the key components of any management system. ISO 45001 is based on the ‘Plan-Do-Check-Act’
cycle, where planning is used to set the actions in motion for how the system will work.
Planning occurs at several points in the framework for OH&S management system. In order to set out the management
system planning is required using information gathered in clause 4. At various points in time there will be the need to
‘plan’ again; this includes the periodic planning for achieving objectives that are set and reviewed, and also in the event of
a ‘change’ which could arise from a planned or unplanned event.
The requirements are to:
o Plan the actions based on risk assessment to manage risks and opportunities in the prevention of undesired effects
including work related injury or ill health
o Manage events and continually determine risk and opportunities for both workers and the OH&S system
o Establish and manage objectives
o Plan and manage changes to the system and re-evaluate once change has been made
o Consider relationships and interactions between activities
o Define a methodology for hazard identification
o Define the methodology for identification and management of legal and other requirements
o Understand the knowledge within the organization to manage activities safely
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SECTION 6: Planning
Hazard Identification
Hazard identification is fundamental in the planning process to prioritise actions to address risks and opportunities. Using
the ‘Hierarchy of Controls’ (see illustration opposite) the standard requires the organization to conduct risk assessment
based on internal and external activities. Hazard identification will enable the organization to recognise and understand
hazards in the workplace. It will also allow workers to assess, prioritise and eliminate hazards or to reduce OH&S risks.
Hazards can appear in many different circumstances and conditions including physical, chemical, biological, psychosocial,
physiological, mechanical, electrical, or those based on movement and energy.
Following the initial assessment of compliance obligations, the organization may consider placing the relevant
information in a document. A spreadsheet may be useful for this purpose.
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 6: Planning
Consideration must also be given to the types of activity including the following:
o Groups of workers exposed to the hazard
o Shift work, hours of activity, lone working, supervision
o Human factors including demanding physical activities
o Design of the workplace, for example segregation of traffic and pedestrian routes
o Changes in work pattern including increase or decrease in productivity
o Noise, cold, heat
o Legal requirements and mechanism to adapt to changes in legal requirements
o How the risk assessment will be communicated and subsequent worker training of
control measures
o Emergency situations such as unplanned events including fire and loss of power
o Availability of resources to ensure hierarchy of controls can be applied to risk
assessment findings
Using the hierarchy of controls, the organization needs to determine the methodology in which the findings are recorded
as documented information and communicated to workers and other interested parties. Typically, the competent person
would conduct a risk assessment and score the findings based on the likelihood of the event based on the severity of harm
with an applied risk score. This methodology would be consistently applied and be based on the legal / regulatory
requirement, type and circumstances of the activity, I.e. noise, fire, vibration, height risk assessment etc.
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 6: Planning
Determination of legal and other requirements
The organization needs to be confident that during the risk assessment process it is adhering to the latest applicable legal and other
requirements. The legal and other requirements process of assessment will vary depending on the complexity of the business.
Sources of information may be gathered in many ways including:
o Subscription to publisher legal update newsletters
o Membership of trade associations
o Research via reputable government websites
o Use of competent consultants
o Competent employee membership of occupational health and safety institutes
o Employee attendance of occupational health and safety training courses
Following the initial assessment of compliance obligations, the organization may consider placing the relevant information in a document. A
spreadsheet may be useful for this purpose.
A live document may include the following information and be referenced within individual risk assessments:
o Name and reference number of regulation / requirement
o Revision status
o Date the regulation was last reviewed
o Competent person responsible for reviewing the requirement
o Area of the organization the requirement impacts including a short description of activity and associated documented information
o A hyperlink or description of the source of information
o Name and customer / external provider contact details if relevant to ‘other requirement’
o Next review date
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 6: Planning
Planning Action
Following the hazard identification process, the organization should plan actions in order of priority to reduce risk. These should consider
the consequences of these actions before the actions are introduced. Planning actions and including the introduction of control measures
must be within the framework of the OH&S management system.
Control measures may be either integrated into existing quality system work instructions or based on risk and developed into a dedicated
Safe Systems of Work. Tasks may be delegated by senior leadership individually or as a collective group.
Tasks will be allocated to persons based on competency with consideration as to how any training will be delivered to different groups of
workers.
Objectives
It is a requirement of the standard to set achievable OH&S objectives with the means to periodically measure progress, demonstrating
continuous improvement. Often objectives are set and reviewed at management review (see clause 9.3) or locally at departmental or
committee meetings. Once set, there must be the means to communicate objectives throughout the organization to support and generate a
positive OH&S culture.
If many requirements have been identified the organization may consider developing a documented Occupational Health and Safety
Strategic Plan. The plan should be agreed by senior leadership and include risk rating tasks, in order of priority, and the alignment with
senior leadership responsible for overseeing the task.
A strategic OH&S plan is a live document and periodically should be reviewed to monitor progress to achieving objectives and continuous
improvement.
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 6: Planning
The document may include:
o Strategic prioritised topic
o Action, this could be conducting assessments according to compliance obligations such as a noise assessment
o Method in which the action can be achieved
o Resources required to achieve the action. For example human, equipment, financial and external provider expertise
o The key performance indicator to demonstrate achievement of the action
o General responsibility
o Top Management responsibility
o Timescale
o Risk rating (order of priority)
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 7: Support
This section looks at the requirements which underpin the OH&S management system to ensure it runs effectively.
Resources
Resources will be required to fulfil the requirements identified during the planning stages of the system to maintain continuous
improvement. These include human, natural, infrastructure (buildings, plant, equipment, utilities, emergency containment systems)
technological and financial resources.
It is essential that allocation of resources has the full support from Top Management, under the requirements of Clause 5, to drive the
maintenance of a safe and healthy work environment. As part of identifying resources, the organization needs to look at the information
produced in Section 6 to acknowledge the risk, opportunities and resulting objectives. They then need to allocate sufficient resources to
mitigate or manage them.
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 7: Support
Resources
An organization working effectively and efficiently must have competent workers. In terms of OH&S it is essential that workers have access
to information and have been suitably trained to prevent accidents or ill health to themselves and others. Competence can include
consideration for:
Capability to fulfil the task based on defined job roles and clear understanding of the required OH&S aspects
Defined methods of recruitment with consideration for temporary or agency workers
Awareness of hazards associated with the environment and processes
Legal requirements
Individual capabilities including experience, language skills, literacy and diversity
The diversity of activities within the organization will determine the level of training required to fulfil competence. Training gaps are usually
identified with the development of new processes, for example the introduction of new machinery or in achieving compliance with
regulatory requirements.
No matter how big or small the organization is, training records are essential as reference and evidence of the fulfilment of competence.
Consider an overview training matrix identifying fulfilled training gaps including refresher training dates. In addition, consider individual
training records with signatory evidence from the worker to acknowledge completion and understanding of training including hazard
awareness. The organization must also consider the competence of external providers including the procurement of contractors conducting
tasks on site. The organization’s procurement process may provide the structure for management of external providers; including evidence
of capability, competence and on site, this may be supported with site induction training.
Either internally or externally, the organization’s Top Management must be confident that mechanisms are in place to provide workers with
suitable and sufficient competency based OH&S training.
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 7: Support
Awareness
Awareness of the requirements of the OH&S system is critical to both internal and external workers. There must be a clear
understanding of the organization’s H&S Policy including the requirement for individuals to protect themselves and others
from exposure to hazards. Awareness training starts before work commencement for both internal and external workers
and may include:
o OH&S Policy and requirements
o Hazards associated with the environment and processes
o Means to report incidents and receive information following investigation
o Means to report near misses or safety critical defects
o Structure of supervision
o Provision of information including Safe Systems of Work or Work Instructions
o Clear understanding that there are no recriminations for reporting hazards or precautionary removal of individuals from
exposure to harm which is life threatening. This must be actively encouraged as part of a positive safety culture
It is recommended there is evidence of awareness training.
This is outlined within the ‘competence’ section of Section 7.
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 7: Support
Communication
– internal and external
Defined channels of communication is key for the success of the OH&S management system. It is recommended that
there is clear policy on communication endorsed by Top Management identifying the process of communication. The
organization will need to determine:
Question Examples
What will be communicated? OH&S Policy, site rules including personal responsibilities,
hazards, risk assessments, Work Instructions, minutes
from committee meetings, investigation results,
organizational structure, performance
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 7: Support
Documented information
As with all management systems the extent of documented information will vary depending on the size, scope and
complexity of processes within the organization. A practical approach to development and control of documented
information will assist in business protection as well as providing sources of information for workers relating to hazard
identification. Consider a risk-based approach to the level of documented information required including consideration
for literacy and language. Documented information is not restricted to hard copy and will appear in a variety of media
including electronic format, emails and web based. Below is a selection of the variety of documented information:
Internal / External Sources Type Use
External Regulatory Government website instructions and leaflets, codes of practice
External Information External Provider material safety data sheets, certificates of conformity
External Information External Provider machinery installation instructions and technical specifications
External Information Risk assessments and method statements
External Certificates Fire system, fixed wiring service records, liability insurance documents
External Training Certificates of competence (Fork Lift Truck, OH&S awareness)
Internal Training Induction presentations, tool box talks
Internal Training Individual training records
Internal Work Safe Systems of Work Work Instructions
Internal Inspections Evidence of maintenance and routine inspections
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SECTION 7: Support
Methods of controlling Documented Information
It’s essential to have a robust but simple system of control for documented information. This will ensure workers are
always aware of the latest requirements relating to OH&S. In support of the latest revision of documented information
there must be the means to communicate the latest policies, practices and work instructions. As previously indicated
documented information will come from internal and external sources.
Below are suggested means of controlling both internal and external documented information.
Internal
o Develop a document reference system within the header or footer e.g. Maintenance Procedure No. 1 – MP01, Maintenance Form 01 –
MF01 etc
o Identify the revision status, revision date and author within the document footer
o Use the same document control methodology for electronic documents and data Develop a spread sheet identifying the reasons why
previous revisions have been updated
o Determine the method of issue for documented information with consideration for recovery of pre-modified documented information and
communication
o Archive in electronic format previous revisions of documents based on risk ensuring there is a means of backing up and recovering data
o Determine and identify in the spread sheet the intended document retention timescale. This may be based on legal requirements such as
insurance documentation
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SECTION 7: Support
External
o Determine what should be communicated and retained based on risk
o Consider scanning to reduce reliance on paper
o Maintain the integrity of archived documentation
Remember to create a simple system to use for all to understand and access accordingly. Consider supporting the chosen
method with an instructional procedure with applicable training.
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 8: Operation
Once processes within the organization have been identified (see clause 4.4) and planned, the method in which the
business will operate (see Clause 6.0), the company needs to plan and control each process within the OH&S
management system.
Operational Planning and Control is the method in which the organization determines what is required for each process and the method
in which requirements are controlled to ensure workers are protected from harm. Operational Planning and Control is achieved by
identifying the criteria for each process which may include:
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SECTION 8: Operation
Eliminating hazards and reducing OH&S risks
Having chosen the methodology for risk assessment determined in clause 6.0, the organization will use the ‘Hierarchy of
Controls’ outlined in section 6 to eliminate or reduce hazards to the lowest practicable risk. It is essential that when
conducting risk assessment workers, including external providers, are competent. On completion of risk assessment results
should be communicated with those workers directly affected within the operation and to aid the development of control
measures. Workers need to be included in the process of assessment and other system elements.
Management of Change
It is recognised that accidents can occur when processes deviate from defined established control measures. This may
include changes in competent supervision and workers or the introduction of new materials, machinery and processes.
The organization must define and implement a process which considers change throughout the business. This may be a
written policy which accounts for different scenarios based on risk and opportunity. The change process may be supported
by a documented system to acknowledge issue and receipt of the notification to ensure it is communicated and
understood. Notification of change may be supported by training and competence requirements. Change process could
incorporate a mechanism to assess and prevent the introduction of new hazards. Examples of events where management
of change might be necessary include but this is not exhaustive:
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 8: Operation
Management of Change
It is recognised that accidents can occur when processes deviate from defined established control measures. This may
include changes in competent supervision and workers or the introduction of new materials, machinery and processes.
The organization must define and implement a process which considers change throughout the business. This may be a
written policy which accounts for different scenarios based on risk and opportunity. The change process may be supported
by a documented system to acknowledge issue and receipt of the notification to ensure it is communicated and
understood. Notification of change may be supported by training and competence requirements. Change process could
incorporate a mechanism to assess and prevent the introduction of new hazards. Examples of events where management
of change might be necessary include but this is not exhaustive:
Change event Method of management
Loss of knowledgeable competent
Organization of re-training of existing member of staff supported with an external provider until the employee is competent.
member of staff
First aider absent Temporarily train staff in alternative means of receiving first aid treatment including neighbouring businesses and emergency services.
Appoint a Project Manager to coordinate implementation including risk assessment, instruction, training,
Introduction of a new piece of
supervision. Provision of risk assessment and installation method statement
machinery
from external provider. Development of control documents based on manufacturers recommendations.
Flood within a building Appointed competent representative to conduct risk assessment and coordinate relocation of staff to a safe environment.
Introduction of new software Project management coordination, presentations and toolbox talks, competence and awareness training.
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Penerapan SMK3
SECTION 8: Operation
General
The purchase of goods and services is a requirement for any business to function. The standard requires the organization to put controls
in place to ensure those purchased goods and
services do not introduce hazards and expose workers to harm including contractors.
Procurement
A robust procurement process is essential to control product and services inputs into an organization. Inputs may include raw materials
for products, equipment including machinery, consumables such as cleaning products and workers conducting maintenance as part of a
service agreement. The organization is required to develop a process which should include an assessment of the impact on safety of
products and services prior to purchase. This may include obtaining product or material safety data from an external provider or by
conducting a risk assessment. Risk assessment with an external provider may be considered during activities such as the purchase and
installation of machinery. The assessment
would identify potential hazards and suitable control measures to protect both organizational workers and contractors.
Within the process, consider the delivery of products to ensure they are inspected against specified requirements prior to release.
Consideration must also be made to ensure those products and services are legally compliant. This may be through the assessment of
material safety data sheets, declarations of conformity or business registration with trade associations. Personnel who are responsible for
procurement must ensure they utilise competent workers to assist with
assessments and to communicate safety information relating to product or service. Health and safety information may include material
safety data sheets, training, competence requirements and instructions for use.
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SECTION 8: Operation
Contractors and Outsourcing
Many businesses use the services of contractors (external providers) to fulfil gaps in processes and to complete tasks
requiring specialist knowledge. The standard requires the organization to conduct an assessment on those contractors
including due diligence competency checks. The organization may consider the use of contractor selection criteria to
ensure services are within scope of the task.
The organization must be satisfied there is a process to protect contractors (workers) and other workers who may be
exposed to hazards due to their activities. During the procurement process written agreements may be established
between
the organization and contractor specifying the organizations rules. This may be supported by risk assessments and
method statements conducted by both parties with communication of results.
It is key that necessary checks have been made to ensure contractors are competent and may, in some circumstances,
require confirmation of compliance to legal requirements. For example, certification to work on electrical switch gear or to
work on a gas boiler.
Once the procurement process has been completed it is good practice to support site activities with an induction
programme.
This will provide contractor workers with an understanding of the rules including any specific requirements, for example,
site hazards, authorised areas, near miss reporting processes, safe walking routes, emergency action plans, supervision
and required permits to work.
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SECTION 8: Operation
Emergency preparedness and response
The standard requires the organization to maintain documented information relating to the procurement of products
and services including contractor arrangements. Below is a list of examples of documented information considered for
retention:
o Risk assessment and method statements between the organization and contractor
o Material safety data sheets
o Email exchanges relating to safety aspects
o Certificates of conformity – Harnesses, guarding, emergency stops, PPE
o Contractor permits and licences
o Completed external provider questionnaires
o Worker training records
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SECTION 8: Operation
Documented Information
Planning for unexpected events is a good all-round organizational discipline. The risk assessment process, for ISO 45001 identification of
hazards, may have highlighted potential emergency situations with possible catastrophic consequences. Therefore, it is necessary to put
control measures in place to mitigate for these potential events.
Once emergency situations have been identified, which may involve workers at every level of the organization, a plan needs to be
formulated and tested. Check that emergency preparedness and response have been tested within the internal audit plan.
Testing emergency response plans are critical to raise awareness of potential events and ensure control measures function including
supervision, individual responsibilities, suitability of training and communication. Below are some examples of when emergency plans will
be required:
Event Recommendation
Provision of first aid Testing of first aid response, consider shift patterns, availability of equipment and competent staff etc.
Evacuation drill Method of raising the alarm, contacting the emergency services, accountability of workers, staged evacuation, changes in
building layout etc.
Bomb threat Raising the alarm, what to do with workers – stay put or evacuate to a safe area, keeping away from windows, controlled
method of raising the alarm.
Chemical spillage Raising the alarm, evacuation, containment, availability of Material Safety Data Sheets.
Once the plan has been tested it is important to provide workers with feedback to learn from experience. Again, there is a
requirement to have suitable information and records as documented information.
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Penerapan SMK3
Monitoring Appointed person to weekly inspect airflow of an LEV system to safely remove fumes from a process.
Measurement Use of a calibrated meter to check the airflow at two inspection locations of the system according to a specified Work Instruction. (Employee is trained and
competent to use the equipment).
Analysis Review of recorded data determining the airflow efficiency of the system to ensure workers are safe. This may include trends. This would be in compliance with
manufacturers specifications and regulatory requirements.
Evaluation The trend analysis indicates a reduction in airflow therefore maintenance is triggered to isolate and inspect the LEV system.
Monitoring Appointed person daily site inspection of safe walking routes to ensure they are in a condition to prevent slips, trips and falls.
Measurement Visual inspection to ensure there are no obstructions outside of defined safe walking routes. (Usually measurement is associated with measurement
equipment to obtain data).
Analysis Examination of results from inspections. In this case there may be a trend of equipment repeatedly left in the same location of a Safe Walking Route.
Evaluation Determination of root cause of why equipment is repeatedly left in the safe walking route. Resulting in allocation of designated safe place for equipment away from
the safe walking route.
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Penerapan SMK3
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Penerapan SMK3
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Penerapan SMK3
Several different methods of capturing improvement opportunities may be designed in the system based on the structure, activities and risk
within the business discussed in section 4 and 6. The chosen methods must consider the following:
o Means of reporting including incidents to the right groups of workers and interested parties
o The timescale of reporting
o How the information is going to be recorded as documented information for example near miss report cards, accident
reports, defect reports, reports to senior leadership
o Using workers to participate in investigations to determine root cause analysis
o A structured system to prevent reoccurrence
o Hierarchy of control measures to reduce risk as far as is reasonably practicable
o Assessment of OH&S risks prior to the introduction of a corrective action to prevent the introduction of new hazards
o Training and competence for workers and interested parties on the means of reporting OH&S hazards, incidents and
opportunities for improvement
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Penerapan SMK3
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4 Keselamatan
Peralatan Mekanik
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1. Dasar Hukum
a. Permenaker 38 tahun 2016 - K3 Pesawat Tenaga dan
Produksi
b. Pemenaker 8 tahun 2020 - K3 Pesawat Angkat dan Angkut
Peraturan diatas menjelaskan tentang:
o Tujuan dan Syarat-Syarat K3 yang WAJIB dipatuhi oleh
Pengusaha/Pengurus;
o Ruang Lingkup Penerapan K3;
o Jenis - Jenis Pesawat Tenaga & produksi; Pesawat Angkat & Angkut
o Kompetensi Personil dan Lisensi;
o Pemeriksaan dan Pengujian;
o Pengawasan, Sanksi
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Mesin Bubut
Mesin CNC
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Furnace
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Name Plate
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Pedal Switch
Light Beam Sensor
Emergency Button
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Pemasangan
Cerobong
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Pagar Pengaman
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Safety Guard
Cover Pelindung
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101
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105
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Roll Table
Takel (Kait/Winch)
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Lori
Lokomotif
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Name Plate
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Safety Inspection
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125
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5 Keselamatan
Bejana Tekan dan
Tangki Timbun
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1. Dasar Hukum
a. Permenaker 37 tahun 2016 - K3 Bejana Tekan dan Tangki
Timbun
Peraturan diatas menjelaskan tentang:
o Tujuan dan Syarat-Syarat K3 yang WAJIB dipatuhi oleh
Pengusaha/Pengurus;
o Ruang Lingkup Penerapan K3;
o Jenis - Jenis Bejana Tekan dan Tangki Timbun;
o Kompetensi Personil dan Lisensi;
o Pemeriksaan dan Pengujian;
o Pengawasan, Sanksi
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Tangki LPG
Tabung/botol Gas
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Tangki Tansport
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Label Name
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HARUS mempunyai volume > 200 liter atau memiliki volume > 450 liter
dan/atau temperatur > 99 °C (item c)
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Name Plate
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Sistem Grounding
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6 Keselamatan Listrik
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Keselamatan Listrik
1. Dasar Hukum
a. Permenaker 12/Men/2015 - K3 Listrik di Tempat Kerja
b. Permenaker 33/Men/2015 - Perubahan atas Permenaker
12/Men/2015
c. Permenaker 2/Men/1989 - Penyalur Petir
d. Permenaker 31/Men/2015 - Perubahan atas Permenaker
2/Men/1989
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Keselamatan Listrik
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Keselamatan Listrik
3. Jenis - Jenis
a. Instalasi Listrik
adalah jaringan perlengkapan listrik yang menghasilkan, memakai, mengubah, mengatur, mengalihkan
mengumpulkan atau membagikan tenaga listrik
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Keselamatan Listrik
3. Jenis - Jenis
b. Perlengkapan Listrik
adalah setiap benda yang digunakan untuk keperluan pembangkitan,
konversi, transmisi. distribusi atau pemanfaatan tenaga listrik
Stop Contact
Fitting
Breaker
Sakelar
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Keselamatan Listrik
3. Jenis - Jenis
c. Peralatan Listrik
adalah barang pemanfaatan listrik yang merupakan unit lengkap dan dapat mengubah
energi listrik menjadi energi bentuk lain
contoh: mesin bor, mesin las, lemari es, mesin gerinda, kipas angin, dan sejenisnya.
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Keselamatan Listrik
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
a. Setiap Pemasangan dan penggunaan instalasi,
perlengkapan dan peralatan listrik
WAJIB MENGACU PADA :
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
b. Dilengkapi dengan alat PERLINDUNGAN
Proteksi dengan Isolasi bagian yang aktif
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
c. Dilengkapi dengan alat PERLINDUNGAN
Proteksi dengan penghalang/selungkup
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
d. Dilengkapi dengan alat PERLINDUNGAN
Proteksi dengan rintangan atau pagar
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
e. Dilengkapi dengan alat PERLINDUNGAN
Proteksi dengan penempatan di luar jangkauan
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
f. Dilengkapi dengan alat PERLINDUNGAN
Proteksi dengan isolasi tidak konduktif
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
g. Dilengkapi dengan alat PENGAMAN
Proteksi dengan GPAS (Gawai Pengaman Arus Sisa)
ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) / RCCB (Residual Current Circuit Breaker)
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
h. Dilengkapi dengan alat PENGAMAN
Proteksi dengan pemasangan Grounding
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
i. Dilengkapi dengan alat PENGAMAN
Proteksi dengan ikatan penyama potensial lokal bebas bumi
(bonding)
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
j. Dilengkapi dengan alat PENGAMAN
Proteksi Pembebanan Berlebih (Hubung Pendek) secara
otomatis
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
b. Dioperasikan sesuai dengan SOP (Standard Operating Procedures)
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
b. Dioperasikan sesuai dengan SOP (Standard Operating Procedures)
Penggunaan Kabel sesuai dengan KHA (Kapasitas Hantar Arus)
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
b. Dioperasikan sesuai dengan SOP (Standard Operating Procedures)
Penggunaan Kabel sesuai peruntukannya
Kabel NYA
Kabel NYW
Kabel NYM
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
b. Dioperasikan sesuai dengan SOP (Standard Operating Procedures)
Penggunaan Perlengkapan dan Peralatan tidak berpotensi
menghasilkan busur listrik (arc)
Fireproof
Exhaust Fan
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
c. Setiap Sistem instalasi listrik wajib dilakukan
o Pemeriksaan secara berkala dilakukan
paling sedikit 1 tahun sekali (oleh
pengawas K3 dan Ahli K3 bidang Listrik)
o Pengujian secara berkala dilakukan
paling sedikit 5 tahun sekali (oleh
pengawas K3 dan Ahli K3 bidang Listrik)
o Hasil Pemeriksaan dan Pengujian dilaporkan
ke Dinas Tenaga Kerja setempat
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
a. Dilakukan perawatan dengan baik
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
a. Dilakukan perawatan dengan baik
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
f. Penggunaan alat pelindung diri
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Keselamatan Listrik
Syarat K3 Listrik
f. Penggunaan Alat Bantu/tool dengan nilai tahanan isolasi yang tinggi
(karet, kayu, kulit dll)
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7 Keselamatan
Lingkungan Kerja
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1. Dasar Hukum
a. Permenaker 5 tahun 2018 - K3 Lingkungan Kerja
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Apakah Terdapat Sumber Syarat K3 Lingkungan Kerja (Ps.3) mewujudkan Lingkungan Kerja
Bahaya Lingkungan Kerja 1. Pengendalian Faktor Fisika dan
yang aman, sehat, dan nyaman
Berupa, FAKTOR: Faktor Kimia agar berada di
bawah NAB; dalam rangka mencegah
1.FISIKA;
2. Pengendalian Faktor Biologi, kecelakaan kerja dan penyakit
2.KIMIA;
Faktor Ergonomi, dan Faktor
3.BIOLOGI; Psikologi Kerja agar
akibat kerja.
4.ERGONOMI; memenuhi standar;
5.PSIKOLOGI 3. Penyediaan fasilitas Kebersihan
dan sarana Higiene di Tempat
Kerja yang bersih dan sehat; dan
4. Penyediaan personil K3 yang
memiliki kompetensi dan
kewenangan K3 di bidang
Lingkungan Kerja
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o Kimia;
o Biologi;
o Ergonomi; dan
o Psikologi
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6. Personil
Pengukuran dan pengendalian Lingkungan Kerja harus dilakukan
oleh personil K3 bidang Lingkungan Kerja, meliputi:
Ahli K3 Muda Lingkungan Kerja;
Ahli K3 Madya Lingkungan Kerja; dan
Ahli K3 Utama Lingkungan Kerja.
Personil K3 harus memiliki kompetensi sesuai Standar
Kompetensi Kerja Nasional Indonesia yang ditetapkan oleh
Menteri dan kewenangan K3 bidang lingkungan kerja.
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8 Pencegahan dan
Perlindungan
Kebakaran
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
1. Dasar Hukum
a. Kepmenaker No. 186/1999 - Unit penanggulangan kebakaran
di tempat kerja
Pengurus atau pengusaha wajib mencegah, mengurangi dan
memadamkan kebakaran, latihan penanggulangan kebakaran di
tempat kerja. (pasal 2 (1))
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
Tindakan Pengendalian
Resiko
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
3. Bahaya Kebakaran
Kebakaran kecil :
• Tempat sampah kantor kebakaran
• Kompor kebakaran
• Celana terbakar knalpot motor
• Dll
Kebakaran besar :
• Rumah kebakaran
• POM Bensin kebakaran
• Pabrik textil kebakaran
• Dll
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
3. Bahaya Kebakaran
FENOMENA KEBAKARAN
• Tidak terduga sebelumnya
• Bermula dari api kecil
• Ada faktor pemicu
• Kecepatan api meluas
• Kegagalan pemadaman awal
• Sarana dan prasarana tidak memadai
• Kurangnya faktor penunjang
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
3. Bahaya Kebakaran
Dampak Akibat Kebakaran
1. Cidera bahkan Korban jiwa
4. Pencemaran Lingkungan
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
Syarat K3 Kebakaran
a. Pengendalian setiap bentuk energi
o Pengontrolan Bahaya Listrik di Tempat Kerja
o Pemasangan Instalasi Penyalur Petir
o Pengendalian Bahan Kimia Mudah Terbakar di
tempat Kerja
o Pekerjaan Panas (welding, cutting, Grinding dll)
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
Syarat K3 Kebakaran
b. Penyediaan sarana Proteksi Kebakaran dan Evakuasi
o Penyediaan dan Pemasangan APAR (Alat Pemadam Api Ringan)
Dry Powder Busa
CO2
Air
Referensi
Permenaker 04/80 – Pemasangan dan Pemeliharaan APAR
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
Syarat K3 Kebakaran
b. Penyediaan sarana Proteksi Kebakaran dan Evakuasi
o Penyediaan Sistim Hidran (Gedung atau Pilar)
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
Syarat K3 Kebakaran
b. Penyediaan sarana Proteksi Kebakaran dan Evakuasi
o Penyediaan Sistim Sprinkler
REFLECTOR
GLASS BULB
SEAL/CUP
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
Syarat K3 Kebakaran
b. Penyediaan sarana Proteksi Kebakaran dan Evakuasi
o Penyediaan Instalasi Alarm Kebakaran Otomatis
Referensi :
Permenaker 02/83
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
Syarat K3 Kebakaran
b. Penyediaan sarana Proteksi Kebakaran dan Evakuasi
o Inspeksi Peralatan dan Fasilitas Penanggulangan Kebakaran
Pemeliharaan dan pengujian berkala dilakukan secara mingguan,
bulanan dan tahunan.
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
Syarat K3 Kebakaran
b. Penyediaan sarana Proteksi Kebakaran dan Evakuasi
o Penyediaan Rute / Peta Evakuasi dan Muster/Assembly point
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
Syarat K3 Kebakaran
c. Pengendalian penyebaran asap, panas dan gas;
Dinding Pengambat panas/api
Penggunaan Bahan
Fire Proofing
Pengambat Asap
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
Syarat K3 Kebakaran
c. Pengendalian penyebaran asap, panas dan gas;
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
Syarat K3 Kebakaran
d. Pembentukan Unit Penanggulangan Kebakaran di tempat
kerja (ERT)
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
Syarat K3 Kebakaran
e. Latihan dan gladi penanggulangan kebakaran (Fire Drill)
secara berkala
Pelatihan Penanggulangan Kebakaran
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
Syarat K3 Kebakaran
e. Latihan dan gladi penanggulangan kebakaran (Fire Drill)
secara berkala
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
Syarat K3 Kebakaran
e. Latihan dan gladi penanggulangan kebakaran (Fire Drill)
secara berkala
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Keselamatan Kebakaran
Syarat K3 Kebakaran
f. Pembuatan Prosedur Penanggulangan Keadaan Darurat
Kebakaran
Penggunaan
Tombol Darurat
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9 Keselamatan
Bekerja di
Ketinggian
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1. Dasar Hukum
a. Permenaker 9 tahun 2016 - K3 pada Pekerjaan pada
Ketinggian
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3. Definisi
Bekerja Pada Ketinggian
Kegiatan atau aktifitas pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh tenaga
kerja pada tempat kerja di permukaan tanah atau perairan yang
terdapat perbedan ketinggian dan memiliki potensi jatuh yang
menyebabkan tenaga kerja atau orang lain yang berada di tempat
kerja cidera atau meninggal dunia atau menyebabkan kerusakan
harta benda
226
3. Definisi
Perangkat Pelindung (Safety Guard)
Suatu rangkaian peralatan untuk melindungi tenaga kerja, orang
lain yang berada di tempat kerja dan harta benda ketika bekerja
pada ketinggian agar terhindar dari kecelakaan dan kerugian
finansial
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3. Definisi
Perangkat Pencegah Jatuh (Fall Restraint)
Suatu rangkaian peralatan untuk mencegah tenaga kerja
memasuki wilayah berpotensi jatuh agar terhindar dari
kecelakaan dan kerugian finansial.
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3. Definisi
Perangkat Penahan Jatuh (Fall Arresster)
Suatu rangkaian peralatan untuk mengurangi dampak jatuh tenaga
kerja agar tidak cidera atau meninggal dunia.
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adalah mengurangi resiko pekerjaan yang memiliki potensi bahaya tinggi sampai
pada tingkat resiko terendah (acceptable risk)
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Surat izin kerja panas diperlukan untuk setiap jenis pekerjaan yang berkaitan
dengan penggunaan sumber penyalaan yang dapat menyalakan bahan yang
mudah terbakar.
Surat izin ini diberikan untuk pekerjaan yang memerlukan api terbuka atau bunga
api.
Misalnya :
o PEKERJAAN WELDING
o PEKERJAAN CUTTING
o PEKERJAAN GRINDING
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Surat izin kerja dingin diperlukan untuk pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan
pekerjaan konstruksi, perawatan, perbaikan yang sifatnya tidak rutin dengan
ketentuan bahwa dalam pekerjaan tersebut tidak memakai peralatan yang dapat
menimbulkan api atau sumber nyala namun sangat beresiko terhadap
keselamatan dan kesehatan.
Misalnya :
o PEKERJAAN SAND BLASTING
o PEKERJAAN SPRAY PAINTING/COATING
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Surat izin kerja Ketinggian diperlukan untuk pekerja yang akan melakukan
pekerjaan dengan posisi ketinggian 1.8 m seperti perawatan, perbaikan dan
perbaikan
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5. Bila semua sudah sesuai prosedur maka petugas GSI, pengawas teknik dan
pengawas operasi memberikan paraf pada kolom yang tersedia dan bagian
LK3 dapat mengeluarkan surat ijin kerja yang diperlukan setelah mendapat
persetujuan dari Kepala Bidang Operasi.
6. Tanggal dan berlakunya surat ijin kerja harus dinyatakan dengan jelas, kepala
bidang operasi dan bagian LK3 bertanggung jawab untuk menjamin bahwa
kondisi dan persyaratan yang ditentukan telah dipenuhi .
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9. Setiap saat masa berlaku surat ijin kerja dapat dibatalkan oleh kepala bidang
operasi dan bagian LK3, apabila kondisi tempat kerja dianggap tidak aman
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11 Manajemen Risiko
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1. Masih Banyak Tindakan dan Kondisi Tidak Aman (unsafe act &
con’d) terjadi di lokasi kerja
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Manajemen dengan
Manajemen yang
Ke Pengkajian Resiko lebih
Didasari Pengalaman
awal
o Mencegah kecelakaan atau insiden yang sama yang o Mencegah lebih lanjut kecelakaan atau insiden yang
pernah terjadi sebelumnya belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya.
o Perencanaan dan penerapan memegang peranan o Kebijakan Kelayakan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja
terbesar dibanding peninjauan ulang atau audit menjadi tanggung jawab Top Manajemen
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Identifikasi
Penentuan bahaya
Proses
Penilaian Resiko
(Risk Assessment)
Penetapan
Penerapan
Pengendalian Peninjauan
Pengendalian
Resiko Berkala
Resiko
Risk Management
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Ingat !
Risk Management HARUS dilakukan sebelum
pelaksanaan kegiatan
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1. Identifikasi Bahaya
adalah proses untuk mengetahui adanya bahaya dan menentukan
karakteristiknya.
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Definisi Bahaya
Bahaya (Hazard) adalah segala sesuatu yang dapat mencelakai.
Definisi detailnya:
Bahaya (Hazard) adalah sumber yang berpotensi menyebabkab cidera atau
sakit akibat kerja.
Bahaya dapat termasuk sumber-sumber yang berpotensi menyebabkan situasi
atau keadaan berbahaya yang berpotensi menyebabkan cidera atau sakit akibat
kerja
Referensi : ISO45001:2018 (3.18)
Contoh :
bahan Kimia, mesin berputar, energi listrik, beban tergantung, dll.
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Definisi Bahaya
S & H Effect
S & H Effect
S & H Effect
S & H Effect
Bahaya S & H Effect
S & H Effect
S & H Effect
Efek K3
S & H Effect
(Konsekuensi)
Contoh :
arc/busur api pada pengelasan o Kebakaran
o Kulit melepuh
o Iritasi dll
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Definisi Resiko
Resiko adalah efek ketidakpastian
Definisi detailnya:
Resiko adalah kombinasi dari KEMUNGKINAN terjadinya peristiwa
berbahaya yang terkait dengan pekerjaan atau PAPARAN (Likelihood) dan
TINGKAT KEPARAHAN cidera atau kesehatan buruk (Severity) yang dapat
disebabkan oleh peristiwa atau paparan.
Referensi : ISO45001:2018 (3.21)
280
Definisi Resiko
Risk = Likelihood
Severity
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Definisi Resiko
Likelihood Risk
Severity
282
Definisi Resiko
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284
Apakah
Level Resiko
Acceptable?
Penentuan Penilaian Ya
Tentukan lokasi Tentukan
kerja atau jenis Identifikasi Konsekuensi Resiko &
urutan Selesai
pekerjaan bahaya Bahaya rangking
Pekerjaan
Level Resiko
Tidak
Tentukan dan
Implementasi
Pengendalian
Resiko
7 Komunikasi 8 Peninjauan
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Contoh :
o Proses Erection Scaffolding
o Proses Sandblast & Painting
o Proses Hydrotest
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RISK MATRIK
LIKELIHOOD (L)
Kemungkinan sangat Kemungkinan Kemungkinan Kemungkinan
jarang terjadi jarang terjadi tidak sering terjadi sering terjadi
RPN= S x L Rank Pr
(1) (2) (3) (4) 10 - 16 H (High Risk)
Perlu P3K (1) 1 2 3 4 6-9 M (Med Risk)
SEVERITY (S)
Kemungkinan
i sering terjadi
RPN= S x L Rank Prioritas
(4) 10 - 16 H (High Risk) 1
4 6-9 M (Med Risk) 2
8 1-5 L (Low Risk) 3
12
16
290
RPN RPN
Konsekuensi
Urutan Kegiatan Bahaya L S R=LxS Kontrol Resiko L S R=LxS
Bahaya
1. Penanganan/ - Material berat -Nyeri otot 3 3 9
mobilisasi material -Tertimpa
ke lokasi kerja tube
- Ujung material - Torgores dan 3 3 9
tajam terluka
- Lokasi kerja licin - Tersandung& 4 3 12
dan berantakan terjatuh
2. Pemasangan tiang - Pekerja berdiri - Tertimpa 4 4 16
Scaffolding/ Tube dibawah scaffolding material atau
yg sedang di pasang benda kerja
-Bekerja di - Terjatuh 4 4 16
ketinggian
- Tiang/tube kendur - Terjatuh dan 4 3 12
(tdk terikat) tertimpa
material atau
benda kerja
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294
GAMBAR 1
295
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GAMBAR 3
296
GAMBAR 5
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12 Pelaporan Insiden
298
Pelaporan Insiden
Insiden?
Peristiwa sehubungan kerja yang menyebabkan atau dapat menyebabkan
Cidera atau Sakit-Penyakit (terlepas parah tidaknya) atau Kematian.
Catatan 1:
Kecelakaan adalah suatu insiden yang menyebabkan Cidera, Sakit-
Penyakit atau Kematian.
Catatan 2:
Suatu insiden dimana tidak ada cidera, sakit-penyakit, atau kematian yang terjadi, bisa
juga disebut sebagai nyaris celaka atau kejadian berbahaya
(near-miss, near-hit, close call, dangerous occurrence).
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Proses Penyelidikan
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Proses Penyelidikan
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Proses Penyelidikan
3. Menentukan Fakta-Fakta
Metode untuk Menentukan Fakta
a. Wawancara pada :
o Korban
o Saksi
b. Pengamatan Lokasi (lihat apa yang terjadi)
c. Pemeriksaan dokumen/catatan:
o Catatan (melihat apa yang terjadi pada masa yang lalu)
o Ringkasan data/analisa
o Laporan insiden
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Proses Penyelidikan
3. Menentukan Fakta-Fakta
a. Wawancara dengan Saksi
Informasi yang harus diperoleh saat melakukan wawancara
dengan saksi:
a. Waktu dan lokasi kejadian.
b. Kondisi lingkungan (cuaca, suhu, bunyi, atau gangguan lainnya).
c. Posisi korban, perlengkapan, material, dan posisi saksi.
d. Keberadaan saksi lain.
e. Petunjuk apa yang diberikan : kapan?, dimana?, siapa?
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Proses Penyelidikan
3. Menentukan Fakta-Fakta
a. Wawancara dengan Saksi
Informasi yang harus diperoleh saat melakukan wawancara
dengan saksi:
f. Apakah ada yang dipindahkan, diletakkan kembali, dinyalakan atau
dimatikan atau diambil dari tempat kejadian
g. Tindakan orang-orang yang berada ditempat kejadian
o Sebelum insiden
o Setelah insiden, termasuk personel darurat
h. Apa yang menarik perhatian saksi tentang insiden.
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Proses Penyelidikan
3. Menentukan Fakta-Fakta
Perencanaan Sebelum Wawancara
▪ Rencanakan topik-topik yang akan dicakup;
▪ Siapkan daftar periksa pertanyaan yang memerlukan jawaban;
▪ Tetapkan metode pencatatan
o Buku catatan
o Perekam pita
o Video
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Proses Penyelidikan
3. Menentukan Fakta-Fakta
Jenis-jenis Pertanyaan dalam Wawancara
▪ Umum - membiarkan personil memberikan informasi
mengenai setiap aspek dari subjek;
▪ Spesifik - mempersempit subjek untuk lebih detail;
▪ Penutup - pertanyaan konfirmasi, penolakan atau
jawaban pendek.
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Proses Penyelidikan
3. Menentukan Fakta-Fakta
Wawancara yang Efektif
▪ Gunakan daftar periksa dengan teknik : apa?,
kapan?, dimana?, mengapa? dan bagaimana?;
▪ Pelajari : Pengendalian bahaya;
▪ Cari informasi : pengalaman masa lalu, prosedur,
pelatihan.
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Proses Penyelidikan
3. Menentukan Fakta-Fakta
Teknik Corong saat Wawancara
▪ Cuaca
▪ Peralatan
▪ APD
▪ Kecepatan
▪ Pelatihan
▪ Hambatan
▪ Keputusan
▪ Penerangan FAKTA
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Proses Penyelidikan
4. Faktor-faktor Kunci
▪ Tentukan faktor-faktor kunci yang mempengaruhi insiden
o Kategori berdasarkan tindakan/kondisi tidak aman
o Faktor operasional (prosedur, JSA, Manajemen perubahan,
pelatiahan dll)
o Mengunakan pertanyaan Mengapa? Atau 5W
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Proses Penyelidikan
Mengganti (substitusi)
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Proses Penyelidikan
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Proses Penyelidikan
6. Membuat Rekomendasi
Tindakan perbaikan dan pencegahan harus menekankan faktor-faktor
kunci dan termasuk hal berikut:
o Penjelasan tindakan perbaikan yang akan dilakukan
o Penanggung-jawab penerapnnya
o Tanggal penyelesaian tindakan perbaikan
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Proses Penyelidikan
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Proses Penyelidikan
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Proses Penyelidikan
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Proses Penyelidikan
8. Tindak-lanjut
▪ Memastikan rekomendasi diterima dan mendapat perhatian;
▪ Dapatkan persetujuan tertulis dari manajemen jika rekomendasi
tidak akan ditindak-lanjuti;
▪ Tindak-lanjut rekomendasi ditinjau secara periodik setelah tahun
pertama untuk memastikan hal berikut:
o Rekomendasi tindakan dilaksanakan
o Kebiasaan baik telah dijalankan
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12 Statistik dan
Pengukuran Kinerja
K3
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Tujuan
• Mengidentifikasi naik turunnya (trend) dari suatu
timbulnya kecelakaan kerja
• Mengetahui peningkatan atau berbagai hal yang
memperburuk kinerja K3
• Membandingkan kinerja antara tempat kerja dan
industri yang serupa
• Memberikan informasi mengenai prioritas
pengalokasian dana K3
• Memonitor kinerja organisasi, khususnya mengenai
persyaratan untuk penyediaan sistim/tempat kerja
yang aman
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Pengukuran Kinerja K3
322
Pengukuran Kinerja K3
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Rumus Perhitungannya
LTIR = Jumlah Kecelakaan yang menyebabkan hilangnya hari (LTI) x 1.000.000
Total Jumlah Jam Kerja
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Catatan :
• Interval Waktu Yang Digunakan Biasanya Untuk Periode 1 Tahun
• Semakin besar angka LTIR artinya kinerja K3 nya kurang baik
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Rumus Perhitungannya
SR = Jumlah Hari yang Hilang akibat kecelakaan x 1.000.000
Total Jumlah Jam Kerja
326
Jawab
SR = 45 x 1.000.000 artinya:
900.000 Pada periode tersebut terjadi hilangnya hari kerja
selama 50 Hari untuk sejuta jam kerja.
SR = 50
Catatan :
• Interval Waktu Yang Digunakan Biasanya Untuk Periode 1 Tahun
• Semakin besar angka SR artinya kinerja K3 nya kurang baik
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Rumus Perhitungannya
FR = Jumlah Kecelakaan x 1.000.000
Total Jumlah Jam Kerja
328
FR = 13.70 SR = 479
artinya:
Pada periode tersebut telah terjadi
13.70 kecelakaan untuk untuk
sejuta jam kerja.
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Rumus Perhitungannya
TRIR = Jumlah Kecelakaan (LTI) + Kecelakaan Tercatat (Recordable) x 1.000.000
Total Jumlah Jam Kerja
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Catatan :
• Interval Waktu Yang Digunakan Biasanya Untuk Periode 1 Tahun
• Semakin besar angka TRIR artinya kinerja K3 nya kurang baik
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Tujuan
• Memiliki Keseragaman Laporan
• Memiliki Data Kecelakaan
• Memudahkan Mengidentifikasi & Menganalisis Kecelakaan Kerja Guna
Menemukan Penyebab Utama Kecelakaan (Mempelajari & Menilai Secara Tepat)
• Dapatmemberikan Saran Perbaikan Agar Kecelakaan Tidak Terulang Kembali
(Perencanaan)
• Mengendalikan Kerugian Dari Kecelakaan (Control Of Accident Loss)
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Ruang Lingkup
• Meliputi Analisis Kecelakaan di Tempat Kerja yang Terdiri:
• Kecelakaan Kerja
• PAK (Penyakit Akibat Kerja)
• Peledakan
• Kebakaran
• Bahaya Pembuangan Limbah
• Kejadian Bahaya Lainnya
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Dasar Hukum
• Permenaker NO. PER-03/MEN/1998 – Tata cara Pelaporan dan Pemeriksaan
Kecelakaan
• Pasal 2
• 1. Pengurus/pengusaha wajib melaporkan tiap kecelakaan yg terjadi dalam
tempat kerja yg dipimpinnya.
• 2.Kecelakaankerja, kebakaran atau peledakan atau bahaya pembuangan limbah,
kejadian berbahaya lainnya.
• Pasal 3
• Pengurus/pengusaha yg sudah/belum mengikut sertakan pekerjaannya dlm
program jamsostek (uu 3/92).
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Dasar Hukum
• Permenaker NO. PER-03/MEN/1998 – Tata cara Pelaporan dan Pemeriksaan
Kecelakaan
• Pasal 4
1. Dilaporkan secara tertulis ke kakandepnaker/ kakadisnaker dlm waktu ≤2 x 24
jam sejak kejadian dgn formulir bentuk 3 kk2 a.
2. Dpt dilaporkan secara lisan sblm dilaporkan scr tertulis
• Pasal 5
1. Pengurus/pengusaha yg telah mengikut sertakan pekerjaannya dlm program
jamsostek pelaporannya sesuai permenaker no. Per-05/men/1993.
2. Pengurus/pengusaha yg belum mengikut sertakan pekerjaannya dlm program
jamsostek pelaporannya sesuai permenaker no. Per-04/men/1993.
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Laporan Meliputi
I. Data Umum
a. Identitas perusahaan
b. Informasi kecelakaan
c. Keterangan lain
II. Data korban (kode a)
1. Jumlah korban (kode a)
2. Nama (kode a)
3. Akibat kecelakaan (kode a)
4. Keterangan cidera (kode a)
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Laporan Meliputi
III. Fakta yang dibuat
1. Kondisiyang berbahaya
2. Tindakanyang berbahaya
IV. Uraian terjadinya kecelakaan
V. Sumber kecelakaan (kode b)
VI. Type kecelakaan (kode c)
VII. Penyebab kecelakaan (kode d)
VIII. Syarat-syarat yg diberikan (kode e)
IX. Tindakan lebih lanjut
X. Hal-hal lain yg perlu dilaporkan
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339
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5. Akibat Kecelakaan
a. Akibat yg diderita korban Meninggal Dunia Sakit Luka-luka
b. Sebutkan bagian tubuh yg
sakit
c. Sebutkan jenis PAK
- Jabatan / Pekerjaan
- Lama bekerja
d. Keadaan penderita setelah
pemeriksaan pertama
1 Berobat jalan Sambil bekerja Tidak bekerja
2 Dirawat di : Alamat: Rumah sakit Puskesmas Poliklinik
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8. Perkiraan kerugian :
a. waktu (dlm hari – orang)
b. material
9. Upah Tenaga Kerja
a. Upah (upah pokok dan Rp.
tunjangan)
b. Penerimaan lain-lain Rp.
c. Jumlah a + b Rp.
10. Kecelakaan dicatat dlm Buku
Kecelakaan pada No. Unit
11. Kecelakaan lain-lain yg perlu
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DATA KORBAN
• A1 = JML KORBAN LAKI-LAKI
• A2 = JML KORBAN PEREMPUAN
• A3 = UMUR
• A3.1 = KRG 10 TH
• A3.2 = 11 S/D 20 TH
• A3.3 = 21 S/D 30 TH
• A3.4 = 31 S/D 40 TH
• A3.5 = 41 S/D 50 TH
• A3.6 = DIATAS 50 TH
• A4 = JML KORBAN MATI
• A5 = JML KORBAN YG LUKA BERAT
• A6 = JML KORBAN YG LUKA RINGAN
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349
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351
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352
SUMBER BAHAYA
B1 = MESIN
B2 = PENGGERAKMULA& POMPA
B3 = LIFT
B4 = PESAWATANGKAT
B5 = CONVEYOR
B6 = PESAWATANGKUT
B7 = ALATTRANSMISIMEKANIK
B8 = PERKAKASKERJATANGAN
B9 = PESAWATUAP& BEJANA
B10 = PERALATANLISTRIK
B11 = BAHANKIMIA
B12 = DEBUBERBAHAYA
B13 = RADIASIBAHANRADIO AKTIF
B14 = FAKTORLINGKUNGAN
B15 = BHNMUDAHTERBAKAR& BENDAPANAS
B16 = BINATANG
B17 = PERMUKAANKONDISIKERJA
B18 = LAIN-LAIN
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PENGGUNAAN STATISTIKA
PRINSIP PENYUSUNAN STATISTIK :
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Total Number of
Accident % Accident by
Year
Cases Enterprises Workers Workers
358
Accident Disability
No Year Death (Funtion + Total + Recovery (STMB)
Cases
Temporary)
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Frequecy Rate
5.00
4.00
4.25 3.76
3.30
Percentage
3.08 2.82
3.00
2.47
2.00 FR = Ttl Cases x 1.000.000
man hours
1.00
-
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Ye ar
Frequecy Rate
360
13,30
14,00
11,75
12,00 10,81 10,96
Jml Tenaga Kerja (100 rb)
10,00 9,04
8,00
6,00
4,00
2,00
0,00
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Tahun
Kematian terhdp 100 Tenaga Kerja
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13 Investigasi
Kecelakaan Kerja
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365
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14 Safety Committee
(P2K3)
366
Tujuan
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Topik Bahasan
368
MENAKER
DIREKTUR
SWASTA - INDUSTRI
PEMERINTAH
- JASA ----PJK3
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Latar Belakang
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Dasar Hukum
PP 50 Tahun 2012
Sistem Manajemen K3 (SMK3)
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o Pengertian ……………………….…. Ps 1
o Kewajiban Pengusaha ….........…...Ps 2
o Keanggotaan/Personil P2K3 …….. Ps 3
o Tugas dan Fungsi P2K3 ………... Ps 4
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Pasal 1
374
Pasal 2
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Pasal 3
1. Keanggotaan P2K3 terdiri unsur Pengusaha dan Pekerja
Dan Susunan Pengurus P2K3 terdiri dari :
▪ KETUA,
▪ SEKRETARIS,
▪ ANGGOTA
2. Sekretaris P2K3 : Ahli Keselamatan Kerja dari perusahaan yang
bersangkutan
3. P2K3 ditetapkan oleh Menteri atau Pejabat yang ditunjuknya atas usul
dari Pengusaha atau Pengurus yang bersangkutan.
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378
Pasal 4
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Pasal 4
380
Pasal 4
b. Membantu menunjukan dan menjelaskan kepada setiap tenaga kerja:
1) Berbagai faktor bahaya di tempat kerja yang dapat
menimbulkan gangguan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, termasuk
bahaya kebakaran dan peledakan serta cara penanggulangannya.
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Pasal 4
c. Membantu pengusaha atau pengurus dalam:
1) Mengevaluasi cara kerja, proses dan lingkungan kerja;
2) Menentukan tindakan koreksi dengan alternatif terbaik;
3) Mengembangkan sistem pengendalian bahaya terhadap keselamatan
dan kesehatan kerja;
4) Mengevaluasi penyebab timbulnya kecelakaan, penyakit akibat kerja
serta mengambil langkah-langkah yang diperlukan;
5) Mengembangkan penyuluhan dan penelitian di bidang keselamatan
kerja,hygiene perusahaan, kesehatan kerja dan ergonomi;
382
Pasal 4
c. Membantu pengusaha atau pengurus dalam:
6) Melaksanakan pemantauan terhadap gizi kerja dan
menyelenggarakan makanan di perusahaan;
7) Memeriksa kelengkapan peralatan keselamatan kerja;
8) Mengembangkan pelayanan kesehatan tenaga kerja;
9) Mengembangkan laboratorium kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja,
melakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium dan melaksanakan interpretasi
hasil pemeriksaan;
10)Menyelenggarakan administrasi keselamatan kerja, higene
perusahaan dan kesehatan kerja.
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Pasal 4
384
KARAKTERISTIK UMUM
Pengurus dan Anggota P2K3
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KETUA P2K3
386
SEKRETARIS P2K3
o Personil perusahaan yang telah ditunjuk sebagai Ahli Keselamatan Kerja dari Perusahaan
yang bersangkutan
Telah lulus pendidikan AK3 umum oleh Depnaker & Trans RI
– Sertifikat lulus dari pelatihan AK3
– Surat PENUNJUKAN dari menteri/direktur/pejabat yg ditunjuk
dari depnaker sebagai AK3 di perusahaan yg bersangkutan
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ANGGOTA P2K3
o Telah mengikuti Pelatihan K3 meliputi pemahaman mengenai ;
– Bagaimana P2K3 beroperasi
• Kegiatan rapat
• Pemberian rekomendasi
– Identifikasi bahaya dan metode pengendaliannya
– Penyelidikan insiden/kecelakaan kerja
– Lainnya ? ……………………………
o Kemampuan individu untuk
– Berkomunikasi efektif
– Pemecahan masalah/problem solving
o Ditunjuk untuk mewakili pekerja/departemen/divisi perusahaan
Dan penunjukannya berdasarkan :
• Sukarela
• Pemilihan oleh pekerja atau serikat pekerja
• Tanggung jawab (co: Safety Rep/Coordinator) dan bisa dirotasi
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KETUA
• Menetapkan jadwal dan memimpin kegiatan rapat P2K3
• Menetapkan & menyetujui agenda-agenda yang akan dibahas
dalam rapat P2K3
• Menunjuk wakilnya untuk memimpin rapat bila berhalangan hadir
• Mengesahkan hasil rapat P2K3 dan mendelegasikan tugas pada
anggota
• Melaporkan kegiatan-kegiatan P2K3 kepada pihak
internal/eksternal (disnaker)
Memonitor & mengevaluasi kinerja P2K3
Lainnya ………………….?
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SEKRETARIS
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ANGGOTA
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Rapat P2K3
(Kepmenaker No.155/MEN/1984 Pasal 6)
Ketua
Anggota Minimal
1 (SATU) Kali PER BULAN
Sekretaris
392
Rapat P2K3
(Kepmenaker No.155/MEN/1984 Pasal 6)
OUTPUT Rekomendasi K3
RAPAT P2K3
Laporan P2K3
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Rapat P2K3
Persiapan
Rapat
P2K3
Follow Up Pelaksanaan
394
Persiapan
Follow Up Pelaksanaan
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Rapat P2K3
Persiapan
o Tentukan waktu,tgl & tempat pelaksanaan
o Tentukan agenda rapat, meliputi;
•
• Agenda Rapat sebelumnya yang belum selesai/follow-up
•
• Agenda Rutin
▪ Review Program-Program K3
• Agenda Baru/Input dari peserta
▪ Laporan bahaya
▪ Laporan kecelakaan kerja
▪ Laporan inspeksi K3
▪ Tentukan agenda rapat, meliputi;
o Distribusikan Undangan Rapat, jadwal dan agenda rapat sebelum
pelaksanaan rapat
396
Rapat P2K3
Pelaksanaan
• Persiapkan ruangan rapat (kursi, OHP, Alat Tulis, snack, dll)
• Datang lebih awal dan mulai tepat waktu
• Sepakati waktu rapat
• Tentukan & ingatkan aturan dalam rapat
• Bahas sesuai agenda dan prioritas
• Tentukan penanggung jawab dan waktu penyelesaian
• dari tiap butir pembahasan
• Catat setiap pembahasan dalam notulensi rapat
• Tutup rapat pada waktunya
397
198
14/07/2023
398
Follow Up
• Follow up tindakan rekomendasi atas permasalahan/
topik yang dibahas dalam rapat.
• Memastikan hasil notulensi rapat disebarluaskan
pada anggota
• Update informasi rapat pada anggota yang
berhalangan hadir
• Agendakan permasalahan yang belum dapat
diselesaikan pada rapat P2K3 berikutnya
399
199
14/07/2023
Program B3
tidak efektif
400
RAPAT P2K3
YANG EFEKTIF
Terencana Partisipasi
dengan baik aktif peserta
rapat
Hasil yang
Jelas dan
Terukur
401
200
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402
403
201
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Pasal 12
Sekurang-kurangnya 3 BULAN SEKALI pengurus wajib menyampaikan
laporan tentang kegiatan P2K3 kepada Menteri melalui Kantor
Disnaker setempat
3 bulan sekali
404
405
202
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Program P2K3
406
3 4
7 8
407
203
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408
LOTO
409
204
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410
411
205
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• pada sumbernya
• pada jalur kontak dari bahaya ke pekerja
• pada pekerjanya
412
413
206
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o Pemasangan Poster-poster K3
o Lomba-lomba K3
o Bulletin K3
o Safety Talk
o Pemasangan Rambu-rambu K3
o Pelatihan K3
o Lainnya ……….?
414
415
207
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416
417
208
14/07/2023
418
419
209
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420
421
210
14/07/2023
422
211