Breach of trust
Maksud pecah amanah
• ialah kegagalan seseorang individu memenuhi
tanggungjawab menjaga, mengendalikan dan
mengawal amanah yang diserahkan kepadanya.
BREACH OF TRUST
…a failure by a trustee to discharge the duties
imposed on him by the terms of the trust or
by the general law in relation to the trust
property or the beneficiaries.
FIDUSIARI
• Fidusiari adalah orang atau organisasi yang bertindak
bagi pihak seseorang atau orang lain untuk menguruskan
aset.
• Pada asasnya, seorang fidusiari bertindak kepada entiti
yang lain untuk tugas-tugas dengan suci hati dan amanah
demi kepentingan pihak yang lain.
• Seorang fidusiari mungkin bertanggungjawab untuk untuk
tugas melibatkan kewangan, pengurusan aset orang lain,
atau sekumpulan orang.
SIAPAKAH YANG ADA
TANGGUNGJAWAB FIDUSIARI?
• Pengurus wang, penasihat kewangan, bank, akauntan,
wasi, ahli lembaga pengarah, dan pegawai korporat
semuanya mempunyai tanggung jawab fidusiari.
• Seorang fidusiari bertindak bagi pihak seorang lagi dan
fidusiari harus memikirkan kepentingan orang lain dalam
menjalankan tugasnya
Kes: Chan v Zacharia
• Mahkamah putuskan bahawa perhubungan fidusiari akan
menimbulkan pelbagai tanggungjawab.
• Ada 4 perhubungan fidusiari:
• Boardman was a solicitor for a family trust. The trust assets include
a 27% holding in a textile company called Lexter & Harris.
• Boardman had concerns about the state of Lexter & Harris’ accounts
and thought that, in order to protect the trust, a majority shareholding
was required.
• Boardman and Tom Phipps, a beneficiary of the trust, attended a
general meeting of the company. They suggested to Mr Fox, a
trustee, that it would be desirable to acquire a majority shareholding,
but Fox disagreed.
• With the full knowledge of the trustees, Boardman and Phipps
purchased a majority stake of the shares themselves. Boardman
and Tom Phipps did not obtain the fully informed consent of all the
beneficiaries.
• The company made a distribution of capital without reducing the
values of the shares. The trust benefited by this distribution £47,000,
while Boardman and Phipps made £75,000. John Phipps and
another beneficiary, sued for their profits, alleging a conflict of
interest by Boardman and Phipps.
Isu didalam kes Boardman v Phipps
• Issues:
• Did Boardman and Phipps breach their duty to avoid a
conflict of interest, despite the fact that the company
made a profit and they had obtained (some) consent from
the beneficiaries?
KEPUTUSAN MAHKAMAH
Held