INFERTILITAS
PADA PCOS
(Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)
Rusnaidi
Chang S, Dunaif A. Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Which Criteria to Use and When? Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2021;50(1):11–23.
Yuanyuan Gu , et all. Life Modifications and PCOS: Old Story But New Tales , Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022, vol 13
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Prevalensi
Gangguan endokrin yang paling umum mempengaruhi 4-18%
wanita usia reproduksi (15-45 tahun).
Gilbert EW, Tay CT, Hiam DS, Teede HJ, Moran LJ. Comorbidities and complications of polycystic ovary syndrome: An overview of systematic reviews. Vol. 89, Clinical Endocrinology. 2018. 683–699 p
Bulsara J, Patel P, Soni A, Acharya S. A review: Brief insight into Polycystic Ovarian syndrome. Endocr Metab Sci. 2021;3(November 2020):100085
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Patofisiologi
Bulsara J, Patel P, Soni A, Acharya S. A review: Brief insight into Polycystic Ovarian syndrome. Endocr Metab Sci. 2021;3(November 2020):100085
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Diagnosis
• Fenotipe C – Ovulasi
• Fenotipe D –
Nonhiperandrogenik
Ajmal N, Khan SZ, Shaikh R. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and genetic predisposition: A review article. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X. 2019;3:100060.
Bulsara J, Patel P, Soni A, Acharya S. A review: Brief insight into Polycystic Ovarian syndrome. Endocr Metab Sci. 2021;3(November 2020):100085 4th ROSADE 2023
Tingkat Keparahan
Walters KA, Gilchrist RB, Ledger WL, Teede HJ, Handelsman DJ, Campbell RE. New Perspectives on the Pathogenesis of PCOS: Neuroendocrine Origins. Trends
Endocrinol Metab. 2018;29(12):841–52. 4th ROSADE 2023
DIAGNOSIS
Toosy S, Sodi R, Pappachan JM. Lean polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): an evidence-based practical approach. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2018;17(2):277–85.
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Tatalaksana
Anita Cunha , Ana Margarida Póvoa, Infertility management in women with polycystic
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ovary syndrome: a review, Porto Biomed J. 2021. Jan. 26;6(1)
Lifestyle Modification
Weight Reduction Exercise
First Line
Aromatase Inhibitor Clomiphene Citrate
Second Line
Gonadothropin LOD
Third Line
IVF
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MODIFIKASI GAYA HIDUP
Leon Speroff and Frits marc A. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. Ed. VII TH. Lippincott Williams & Wilknis Philadelphia (2011) 4th ROSADE 2023
• Modifikasi gaya hidup dapat
Menurunkan testosteron total yang
sedikit lebih besar (MD -0,12
nmol/L, 95% CI -0,23 hingga -0,02,
10 studi, N = 392, I2 = 5%)
• Peningkatan hormon SHBG (MD
2,52 nmol/L, 95% CI 0,22 hingga
4,82, 9 penelitian, N = 364 peserta,
I2 = 63%)
• Memperbaiki indeks androgen
bebas (FAI) (MD -1,11, 95% CI -1,96
hingga -0,26, 6 penelitian, N = 204,
I2 = 71%,
• Penurunan hirsutisme (skor
Ferriman-Galwey) (MD -1.12, 95%
CI -2.16 hingga -0.08, 4 studi, N =
166, I2 = 0% )
• Teede H. International Evidence-Based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 2018. 2011.
https://www.monash.edu/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1412644/PCOS_Evidence-Based-Guidelines_20181009.pdf
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TREATMENT STRATEGY FOR OVULATION INDUCTION IN WOMAN WITH PCOS
CLOMIPHENE
CITRATE
LETROZOLE
GONADOTHROPIN
OVARIAN DRILLING
Less likely to induce ovulation most likely to induce ovulation THE LEAST DISCOMFORT/LOWER RISK
FOR PATIENT
Pettersen B K et al, Mono-ovulation in women with PCOS: a clinical review on ovulation induction , 2016
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AROMATASE INHIBITOR : LETROZOLE
Reproductive and Developmental Medicine , December 25, 2020 , Volume 4 , Issue 4 4th ROSADE 2023
Cunha and Ferreira Porto Biomed. J. (2021) 6:1
CLOMIPHENE CITRATE
Reproductive and Developmental Medicine , December 25, 2020 , Volume 4 , Issue 4 4th ROSADE 2023
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• Pregnancy
– clomiphene + metformin (31.1%) > clomiphene (23.9%)> metformin (8.7%)
– Increase the pregnancy rate
• live birth rate
– clomiphene + metformin (26.8%) similar to clomiphene (22.5%)> metformin (7.2%)
– Similar live birth rate (appear higher)
GONADOTROPIN
RCT
Resisten terhadap
klomifen Protokol step-
up hMG dosis rendah
Dosis awal HP-HMG
atau rFSH adalah 75
IU setiap hari, yang
dipertahankan selama
7 hari. Setelah 7 hari
pertama, dosis
gonadotropin
dievaluasi menurut
respons individu
(sesuaikan 37,5 IU).
Natural intercourse
or IUI
tidak ada perbedaan folikel > 17 mm , sedikit multiple pregnancy.
The singleton live birth rate (14.3% vs. 15.1%) sebanding antara kedua kelompok.
• Pengobatan LE yang
tidak efektif, resistensi
CC, sekresi LH yang
sulit diatasi
Rcollee J, et al. Polycystic ovarian syndrome and inferttility : overview and insight of the
putative treatment
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IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF)
• Untuk High Responder PCOS, menggunakan protokol antagonis,
• Pencegahan OHSS Trigger dengan agonis GnRH dan Frozen embrio
transfer (FET),
• Angka kehamilan kumulatif tinggi. Kehamilan kumulatif lebih dari 100%
pada High Responder pada second babies
Usia rata :
34 years
GnRH antagonist
start on 12-14 mm
Higher pregnancy rate (70%) in FET than fresh ET (58%) may be due to
better endometrial receptivity.
• Hoffman, Barbara L., Schorge, John O., Bradshaw, Karen D., Halvorson, Lisa M., Schaffer, Joseph I., Corton, Marlene M. Williams Gynecology. 3 ed: McGraw-Hill
Education; 2016 4th ROSADE 2023
Take Home Message
• Modifikasi gaya hidup, letrozole atau clomiphene, Low dose
gonadotropin, Laparoscopic ovarian drilling dan IVF dapat
digunakan sebagai treatment pada PCOS infertilitas.
TERIMA KASIH