Syndrome
KEPANITERAAN KLINIK ILMU OBSTETRI
& GINEKOLOGI
PROGRAM STUDI PROFESI DOKTER
UNIVERSITAS BATAM
2022
DEFINISI
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
“Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) atau sindrom ovarium
polikistik adalah suatu keadaan endokrinopati atau gangguan
hormonal di mana seorang perempuan mengalami gangguan
produksi dan metabolisme androgen serta morfologi ovarium
polikistik”
B.L. Hoffman, et al, editor. William’s Gynecology Textbook. 3th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill; 2014
Epidemiologi PCOS
PCOS biasanya terjadi pada perempuan usia produktif, berkisar antara 15
5-10% sampain30 tahun. Banyak kasus infertil terkait dengan sindroma ini.
5-30%
menemukan bahwa antara 5-30% wanita
memiliki beberapa karakteristik PCOS yaitu,
sekitar 6,8 juta orang di Amerika Serikat
Hugar LA. Et al (2018). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)-A Mini Review. Open Access Journal of
Gynecology ISSN: 2474-9230.
Etiologi PCOS
Ndefo, U. A., Eaton, A., & Green, M. R. (2013). Polycystic ovary syndrome: a review of treatment options with a focus on pharmacological approaches. P & T : a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management, 38(6), 336–355.
Patofisiologi
Resistensi Insulin
PCOS
GnRH
Menurunkan SHBG
↑ Kadar LH
↓ kadar ↑Produksi androgen ↑ kadar androgen
FSH di sel teka ovarium bebas
Hiperandrogen
Terhentinya
maturasi folikel
ovarium
Menganggu
Aromatase
Morfologi Polikistik
Ovarium Atresia Folikel Anovulasi
Manifestasi Klinis PCOS
Gangguan Menstruasi
Menstruasi tidak teratur: Alopesia Androgenik
Oligomenore hingga
Amenorea.
Hirsutism Obesitas
2. Gangguan Ovulasi
Kronik
B.L. Hoffman, et al, editor. William’s Gynecology Textbook. 3th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill; 2014
Kriteria sonografi ovarium polikistik dari konferensi Rotterdam 2003 termasuk 12 kista kecil
(berdiameter 2 sampai 9 mm) atau peningkatan volume ovarium (>10 mL) atau keduanya .
Tatalaksana PCOS
Edukasi Modifikasi Gaya Hidup
Menjelaskan pentingnya perubahan gaya Modifikasi gaya hidup merupakan terapi lini
hidup untuk memperbaiki gangguan pertama, yang mencakup intervensi diet dan
hormonal dan efek jangka panjang akibat aktivitas fisik. Dengan melakukan modifikasi gaya
PCOS. Pentingnya memberikan hidup, diharapkan dapat menurunkan kadar lemak
penjelasan mengenai terapi PCOS dan dalam tubuh serta meningkatkan sensitivitas
target terapi yang akan dicapai. insulin..
o m b i na si
o nt r as e p si K
Diet Pil K
p a d
i PCOS s
a terap
ecara
n ya siklus
sebesar 73% perempuan PCOS mengalami obesitas si P K K ti m bu l
Fung e rangsang gi sekresi LH,
sedangkan non obes mencapai 12%.28 Sehingga t u k m
umum un ratur, menguran e n, dan
penanganan pertama pada perempuan PCOS dengan ya n g t e i a n dr og
haid n gi produks ar SHBG
Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) ≥ 25 kg/m2 adalah penurunan men g u r a
n in g k a tkan kad
berat badan dan pada perempuan. disarankan untuk me
mengurangi asupan kalori dan berolahraga sebagai terapi
lini pertama PCOS
Klomifen Sitrat Thiazolidindion
Klomifen sitrat adalah terapi lini pertama pada induksi ovulasi pada Tiazolodindion bekerja sebagai insulin sensitizing agent melalui dua
siklus anovulasi. Klomifen sitrat bekerja dengan cara mengikat mekanisme: (1) Mekanisme langsung yaitu dengan meningkatkan
reseptor estrogen di hipotalamus sehingga terjadi umpan balik positif ambilan asam lemak pada jaringan adipose sehingga massa jaringan
estrogen terhadap hipotalamus. Blokade reseptor estrogen ini akan adiposa akan meningkat dan menyelamatkan jaringan lain yang
meningkatkan produksi GnRH dari hipotalamus yang kemudian akan sensitif terhadap insulin seperti sel beta pankreas, hepar dan otot
menstimulasi perkembangan folikel. rangka dari efek buruk asam lemak. (2) Mekanisme tidak langsung
yaitu dengan meningkatkan ekspresi adiponektin dan menurunkan
ekpresi 11b-hidroksisteroid dehidrogenase tipe 1.
Metformin
Metformin menghambat glukoneogenesis dan meningkatkan Aromatase Inhibitor
pengambilan glukosa oleh jaringan perifer serta menurunkan Aromatase inhibitor menekan biosintesis estrogen dengan cara
oksidasi lemak. Dengan demikian, hiperinsulinemia dapat menghambat proses aromatisasi androgen menjadi estrogen sehingga
ditekan sehingga terjadi penurunan kadar androgen. Metformin menurunkan respon umpan balik negatif hipotalamus-hipofisis. Kadar
hanya direkomendasikan pada wanita PCOS dengan DM tipe 2 androgen intraovarium akan meningkat dan memicu sekresi FSH
jika terapi modifikasi gaya hidup tidak berhasil. sehingga pemilihan dan pematangan folikel dominan akan terjadi.
Komplikasi PCOS
PCOS tidak hanya berefek pada sistem reproduksi, tetapi juga berefek ke seluruh area tubuh.
Abnormalitas metabolik yang berhubungan dengan PCOS seperti resistensi insulin memiliki
efek jangka panjang yang cukup serius seperti risiko DM Tipe 2 dan gangguan kardiovaskuler
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Green top Guideline No.33: Long-term Consequences
of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. London: RCOG Press; 2014. Tersedia pada
https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/gtg_33.pdf.
.
Prognosis PCOS
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Green top Guideline No.33: Long-term Consequences of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. London: RCOG
Press; 2014. Tersedia pada https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/gtg_33.pdf.
f
THANK YOU
Tatalaksana PCOS
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POGI. (2016). Konsensus Tatalaksana Sindrom Ovarium Polikistik. Himpunan Endokrinologi Reproduksi dan Fertilitas Indonesia.
Legro, R. S., Arslanian, S. A., Ehrmann, D. A., Hoeger, K. M., Murad, M. H., Pasquali, R., Welt, C. K., & Endocrine Society (2013). Diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical
practice guideline. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 98(12), 4565–4592. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-2350
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Manifestasi Klinis PCOS
Gangguan Menstruasi
Menstruasi tidak teratur:
Oligomenorea hingga Alopesia Androgenik
Amenorea.
Hirsutisme Obesitas
B.L. Hoffman, et al, editor. William’s Gynecology Textbook. 3th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill; 2014
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